使⽤缓存机制的作⽤也是减少 Java 应⽤程序与数据库的交互次数,从⽽提升程序的运⾏效率。

⽐如第 ⼀次查询出某个对象之后,MyBatis 会⾃动将其存⼊缓存,当下⼀次查询同⼀个对象时,就可以直接从 缓存中获取,不必再次访问数据库。

  MyBatis 有两种缓存:⼀级缓存和⼆级缓存。

MyBatis ⾃带⼀级缓存,并且⽆法关闭,⼀直存在,⼀级缓存的数据存储在 SqlSession 中,它的范围 就是在⼀个SqlSession 对象中。

  当使⽤同⼀个 SqlSession 对象执⾏查询操作时,第⼀次的执⾏结果会 ⾃动存⼊ SqlSession 缓存中,第⼆次查询时直接从缓存中获取即可。

   如果是不同的 SqlSession 对象,则缓存数据⽆法同步。

同时需要注意,为了保证数据的⼀致性,如果 SqlSession 执⾏了增加、删除、修改操作,MyBatis 会 ⾃动清空 SqlSession 缓存中存储的数据。

  ⼀级缓存不需要进⾏任何配置,直接使⽤即可。

  MyBatis ⼆级缓存是⽐⼀级缓存作⽤域更⼤的缓存机制,它是 Mapper 级别,只要是同⼀个 Mapper, ⽆论使⽤多少个SqlSession 来操作,数据都是共享的,多个不同的 SqlSession 可以共⽤⼆级缓存。

  MyBatis ⼆级缓存默认是关闭的,需要使⽤时可以通过配置⼿动开启。

  • 一级缓存,示例:

测试类

package com.sunjian.test;

import com.sunjian.entity.Classes;
import com.sunjian.entity.Order;
import com.sunjian.entity.User;
import com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository;
import com.sunjian.repository.OrderRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;

import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author sunjian
 * @date 2020/3/22 10:20
 */
public class TestCache {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Mapper 代理实现自定义接口
        InputStream inputStream = User.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 获取接口的处理对象
        ClassesRepository classesRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(ClassesRepository.class);
        Classes classes = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes);

        Classes classes1 = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes1);
    }

}
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 793315160.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@2f490758]
==>  Preparing: select c.id cid, c.name cname, s.id sid, s.name sname, s.score, s.tel, s.address from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id and c.id = ?
==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
<==    Columns: cid, cname, sid, sname, score, tel, address
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 1, 张三, 90, 15510211111, 大望路
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 3, 赵六, 87, 18800110011, 回龙观
<==      Total: 2
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}

查询两次,只执行一次SQL。

查询一次后,关闭sqlSession,创建新的sqlSession后,再查询

package com.sunjian.test;

import com.sunjian.entity.Classes;
import com.sunjian.entity.Order;
import com.sunjian.entity.User;
import com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository;
import com.sunjian.repository.OrderRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;

import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author sunjian
 * @date 2020/3/22 10:20
 */
public class TestCache {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Mapper 代理实现自定义接口
        InputStream inputStream = User.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 获取接口的处理对象
        ClassesRepository classesRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(ClassesRepository.class);
        Classes classes = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes);
        sqlSession.close();

        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 获取接口的处理对象
        classesRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(ClassesRepository.class);
        Classes classes1 = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes1);
    }

}
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 793315160.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@2f490758]
==>  Preparing: select c.id cid, c.name cname, s.id sid, s.name sname, s.score, s.tel, s.address from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id and c.id = ?
==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
<==    Columns: cid, cname, sid, sname, score, tel, address
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 1, 张三, 90, 15510211111, 大望路
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 3, 赵六, 87, 18800110011, 回龙观
<==      Total: 2
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@2f490758]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@2f490758]
Returned connection 793315160 to pool.
Opening JDBC Connection
Checked out connection 793315160 from pool.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@2f490758]
==>  Preparing: select c.id cid, c.name cname, s.id sid, s.name sname, s.score, s.tel, s.address from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id and c.id = ?
==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
<==    Columns: cid, cname, sid, sname, score, tel, address
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 1, 张三, 90, 15510211111, 大望路
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 3, 赵六, 87, 18800110011, 回龙观
<==      Total: 2
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}

可以看到执行了两次SQL。

  • 二级缓存,示例:

  MyBatis 可以使⽤⾃带的⼆级缓存,也可以使⽤第三⽅的 ehcache ⼆级缓存。

MyBatis ⾃带的⼆级缓存,具体步骤如下。

1、config.xml 中配置开启⼆级缓存

<settings>
    <!-- 开启二级缓存 -->
    <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"></setting>
</settings>

2、ClassesRepository.xml 中配置⼆级缓存

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository">

    <cache></cache>

    <!-- 一对多 -->
    <resultMap id="classMap" type="com.sunjian.entity.Classes">
        <id property="id" column="cid"></id>
        <result property="name" column="cname"></result>
        <collection property="students" ofType="com.sunjian.entity.Student">
            <id property="id" column="sid"></id>
            <result property="name" column="sname"></result>
            <result property="score" column="score"></result>
            <result property="tel" column="tel"></result>
            <result property="address" column="address"></result>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

   <select id="findClassById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="classMap">
       select c.id cid, c.name cname, s.id sid, s.name sname, s.score, s.tel, s.address from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id and c.id = #{id}
   </select>
</mapper>

3、Classes 实体类实现 Serializable 接⼝。

package com.sunjian.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author sunjian
 * @date 2020/3/22 14:20
 */
public class Classes implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private List<Student> students;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Classes{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", students=" + students +
                '}';
    }

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

4、运行测试类

package com.sunjian.test;

import com.sunjian.entity.Classes;
import com.sunjian.entity.Order;
import com.sunjian.entity.User;
import com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository;
import com.sunjian.repository.OrderRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;

import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author sunjian
 * @date 2020/3/22 10:20
 */
public class TestCache {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Mapper 代理实现自定义接口
        InputStream inputStream = User.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 获取接口的处理对象
        ClassesRepository classesRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(ClassesRepository.class);
        Classes classes = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes);
        sqlSession.close();

        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 获取接口的处理对象
        classesRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(ClassesRepository.class);
        Classes classes1 = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes1);
    }

}
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 1738236591.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@679b62af]
==>  Preparing: select c.id cid, c.name cname, s.id sid, s.name sname, s.score, s.tel, s.address from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id and c.id = ?
==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
<==    Columns: cid, cname, sid, sname, score, tel, address
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 1, 张三, 90, 15510211111, 大望路
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 3, 赵六, 87, 18800110011, 回龙观
<==      Total: 2
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@679b62af]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@679b62af]
Returned connection 1738236591 to pool.
Cache Hit Ratio [com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository]: 0.5
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}

可以看出,即使在第一次查询后,关闭了sqlSession,创建新的sqlSession再次查询时,也是只执行了一次SQL。

  • 使⽤第三⽅的 ehcache ⼆级缓存

1、pom.xml 导⼊ ehcache 相关依赖

<!-- 把ehcache整合到mybatis中 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-ehcache</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
    <artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.3</version>
</dependency>

2、在 resources 路径下创建 ehcache.xml

<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
    <diskStore/>
    <defaultCache
            maxElementsInMemory="1000"
            maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
            eternal="false"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="120"
            timeToLiveSeconds="120"
            diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
    </defaultCache>
</ehcache>

3、config.xml 中配置开启⼆级缓存

<settings>
    <!-- 开启二级缓存 -->
    <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"></setting>
</settings>

4、ClassesRepository.xml 中配置⼆级缓存

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository">

    <!-- myBatis自带二级缓存 -->
    <!--<cache></cache>-->

    <!-- 第三方cache二级缓存 -->
    <cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache">
        <!-- 缓存创建之后,最后⼀次访问缓存的时间⾄失效的时间间隔 -->
        <property name="timeToIdleSeconds" value="3600"/>
        <!-- 缓存⾃创建时间起⾄失效的时间间隔 -->
        <property name="timeToLiveSeconds" value="3600"/>
        <!-- 缓存回收策略,LRU 移除近期最少使⽤的对象 -->
        <property name="memoryStoreEvictionPolicy" value="LRU"/>
    </cache>

    <!-- 一对多 -->
    <resultMap id="classMap" type="com.sunjian.entity.Classes">
        <id property="id" column="cid"></id>
        <result property="name" column="cname"></result>
        <collection property="students" ofType="com.sunjian.entity.Student">
            <id property="id" column="sid"></id>
            <result property="name" column="sname"></result>
            <result property="score" column="score"></result>
            <result property="tel" column="tel"></result>
            <result property="address" column="address"></result>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

   <select id="findClassById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="classMap">
       select c.id cid, c.name cname, s.id sid, s.name sname, s.score, s.tel, s.address from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id and c.id = #{id}
   </select>
</mapper>

5、实体类不需要实现序列化接⼝

package com.sunjian.entity;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author sunjian
 * @date 2020/3/22 14:20
 */
public class Classes {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private List<Student> students;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Classes{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", students=" + students +
                '}';
    }

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

6、运行测试类

package com.sunjian.test;

import com.sunjian.entity.Classes;
import com.sunjian.entity.Order;
import com.sunjian.entity.User;
import com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository;
import com.sunjian.repository.OrderRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;

import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author sunjian
 * @date 2020/3/22 10:20
 */
public class TestCache {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Mapper 代理实现自定义接口
        InputStream inputStream = User.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 获取接口的处理对象
        ClassesRepository classesRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(ClassesRepository.class);
        Classes classes = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes);
        sqlSession.close();

        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 获取接口的处理对象
        classesRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(ClassesRepository.class);
        Classes classes1 = classesRepository.findClassById(2);
        System.out.println(classes1);
    }

}
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 952486988.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@38c5cc4c]
==>  Preparing: select c.id cid, c.name cname, s.id sid, s.name sname, s.score, s.tel, s.address from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id and c.id = ?
==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
<==    Columns: cid, cname, sid, sname, score, tel, address
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 1, 张三, 90, 15510211111, 大望路
<==        Row: 2, 2班, 3, 赵六, 87, 18800110011, 回龙观
<==      Total: 2
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@38c5cc4c]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@38c5cc4c]
Returned connection 952486988 to pool.
Cache Hit Ratio [com.sunjian.repository.ClassesRepository]: 0.5
Classes{id=2, name='2班', students=[Student{id=1, name='张三', score=90, tel='15510211111', address='大望路', classes=null, course=null}, Student{id=3, name='赵六', score=87, tel='18800110011', address='回龙观', classes=null, course=null}]}

同样可以看出,即使在第一次查询后,关闭了sqlSession,创建新的sqlSession再次查询时,也是只执行了一次SQL。

OK.

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