《Thinking in Java》十七章_容器深入研究_练习12(Page484)

练习12：

练习使用HashMap / LinkedHashMap / TreeMap

 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.TreeMap;

 public class Main {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         /*--------------- HashMap -------------------------*/

         Map<String,String> map1=new HashMap<String,String>();

         map1.put("sky","blue");
         map1.put("grass","green");
         map1.put("ocean","dancing");
         map1.put("tree","tall");
         map1.put("earth","brown");
         map1.put("sun","warm");
         map1.put("extra","object");

         log(map1);
         log(map1.get("ocean"));

         /*--------------- TreeMap -------------------------*/

         Map<String,String> map2=new TreeMap<String,String>();

         map2.put("sky","blue");
         map2.put("grass","green");
         map2.put("ocean","dancing");
         map2.put("tree","tall");
         map2.put("earth","brown");
         map2.put("sun","warm");
         map2.put("extra","object");

         log(map2);
         log(map2.get("ocean"));

         /*--------------- LinkedHashMap -------------------------*/

         Map<String,String> map3=new LinkedHashMap<String,String>();

         map3.put("sky","blue");
         map3.put("grass","green");
         map3.put("ocean","dancing");
         map3.put("tree","tall");
         map3.put("earth","brown");
         map3.put("sun","warm");
         map3.put("extra","object");

         log(map3);
         log(map3.get("ocean"));

     }

     public static void log(Object ...args){
         for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++){
             System.out.print(args[i]+" ");
         }
         System.out.println();
     }

 }

单词统计的一般过程：

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ghnc1mg/knOAfKUbqvIAiYeMj+BgUODAyw844AhBvozCc9q8qiXapi5R0Ox9jYGNlcEG1hxhRPo6QqtAk2O8zvghZXH0l2dHSgm4BIwo9YxaxEviXIS5cuiaJYUVHBJsgTlarQD5U+hWE22aSQ5CA7Jh2lnyqpmkgkuru70zMiBH9cf1N/alKO4IoNmU1gJIynDQwMsOs54GIdHR2wXRULdzqdOP4EW1PWp4IwNU8EXo/naAlT+WZEQMWUZWVlgUAg6XOx4CiOnKpgdQgEQOogGfMpParykSAIEBIdDgeZNG02G7nkaLVayUUVrCeGU9LE1BShzWbDkt1uNy6R2Ww2dgCsu1QdGRmBXZEHBwcmt9v917/+NcMSAVLDoaSD6An2IJ8c5pySlonNQSZRjXR0dFAWJeWIEoIgQI/BwOFVQIvwTYkPP/xwYmIir6JAWVmZeExLSwsufWrJxzBApLwuplmqKq0UKyk/dGZ0EugzpOTCW1P3BTmLfQNkLlUaXI7HUUBDT4a/5IK4jlKVWh3Gh8VFyRgxgFSqGytVyXkCuLWXmY3DHCwLrnJCrzCbzRpXtfItQQ4NDaFfUAny5KQqhFalcARSA+ItO6wibQS9lJzjYc85CfLNiHNzcxkakey91No9BgpWqgLUxAeeBkaJKZjDarXiYA/WamOx2MbGBpltycRK3ivGpDNSqgJJFznzzYhA5qZkgVYFC0LYhIkzqolkd+N405KqeAKZnqCTxIjOA5voMJKj9VFS49SsV2E1Gy6EYQ+Mf7BK5E5O7B7UnjrAmWwDgBaBp87Dhw9ra2v9fv/e3p4Jvv6fYYkANBBETK/XS+4HAO9CzaqyZ5QCJwlwbkw7GxsbZPtCplS/BOaDYT6f3CmiVDctWVY7v/vd727evAnT3Tq6PYkkSSJBcXGx2+2ORCLa/R86LhmjyfgIXQXmisgQ4DzedskW6E2m/OCOGxsbOMRk91xSPQFGJuQGWYw+lA5jq0SGGyexIzbrGwDQlUggCZFHwLnIMIEPOzY2RkUclcb0yklVnBaCh8XRiKzEUUl7SUeMFPmWIB8/fiy+CSbIE5Kq3uMJe8xM0K+onBQ73nZPtTDZjanX2FVOm1QNBAIZGpH0feo1zsOxcgRMQ7Y8eRpagTUHuR0ZZBMESXBAiKvU9idAybKFsQEgoWxK+Pp/qs9IwU464CwYNcmNpC1VKZ3qdrtNJhNYGYwIQZicTGHrqVQTJahH8CpAXTUwMEBqdKqPjY2NbWxspBrnKXw+H/wIwO7urkmSpIcPH2ZSHAUui7NSD8f6GrfcUksSZrM51UhKhmwte89hGhwcOKnCyLpUPXPmjGgEYKpV40OhVMWhHitVAVQ2uDAh2/4apSq5YqIuVXFIg85P7VShPJC6HSVVSb2LAS7z8SWUw3q++j5agHxYGIZR+gZeU+7GSlVyA/7GxgYMx+FCtllix98UGWCAuR/ZS5TQu8trpaKiQjwZqcpul6K0jvoCropUlX19EuhtHK1oN6KKVJV9jUdw+03sePchnoaL+KQ5QqEQjJ9hoAL7YsGD8EKMWrJdJYtS1UCUlZVl/q1xbGH8AmIsFuvo6LBarSAc2UvSk6re428FQIju6OiAOc7YsaXIa9mJgPSkKs7aakdWyFKrBN7jr86n8SVaElEU/X5/OBw2uVyukZGRTMoiAfvBa3K3H74AIavFQ2CrIpnPYLooJZ2O00jON/dVKIF78mKx2MbGhnrgzrpU/eyzz65du+b3+8l/fasvDQ0NlPNLkrS8vCymKFXxLTVqlN3lQ82Gsidokars+eSuWWqFBdweJBe1uTZp/iYDBBk+NC5tZwIOstVPo6Sql1jxYJeHSIkPEzawUk+ViYtigKxcVmo6b+pbz8U8m8sBF6BoaWmB2Z2UHi1tqFGKeojLE6maV0YMh8MZGjENqQq/iREjWttsNuMEeUxuejV2/DM4cCY1xpPdX0dR8LOqSqb89ttv33333VSfkQItYrPZyMYHqSo7DUHpUdivjwN1JalqtVrBys43v8mDAVM996UhVWGPHOwIgmmF2PGcIAn1mORkBwDzvpAUWBWrdPekBAKBt956y+/3B4NBU3d3982bN6NZwmw2WywWSZIkSTKZTJIkQZ6z2WzRaHRxcRGW1/v6+pIWBdt92PLNZnNKVbJYLH19fYIgeDwe9TOdTufo6Ch0CzzY3t5us9kkOUwmk9frTaky6jQ1Nd29exc2Eevt+79QXV2Nnl9RUTE1NQXHRVHU+FDQ1/GtzWYjrW+xWJQuBAfQflzpjng+eRxNHAwGR0dHyfoIgkAeoUpjgQARjUYXFxeDwSB7PBqNsn3PYrGoPLsWoKOSd1QCXMDpdEqShE0HzgWNs7i4uL6+zpYPJ3uPN+Oja0Ngwrfg4+3t7VQJSk1HuZgW8i1BTk1NsfoGPtLuGpmwvr5OtSHYV+l80hZOp9NiscARMCJ7zkmQb0bEr42mbUT08WAwaDabJUmCNiRjCBkHotGozWaDj1AHQBzA08Afo4w5lJImdgMVn1KybKpuGM0/IwJKpoxEIr/61a9SfUYKNA0ZsUEYRKNRiH7UJWSSQoMCi4uL6HFU3/B6vWTqYUtTz31UaWxNKECPQXYgj7O9wmw2q8gn0LLQx1jNlgnLy8tVVVV+v39ra8t048aNP/3pT1ksHZF1A2iapNf29fXJti80bkrNgfZQPy0YDIIza8+jMJzVXpOknD179ptvvsmfn1aNRCLFxcWiKJaWlno8HvKj9KTq4uIiaYj19XUVx8uiVIXQQPqbUlKXJIlVAEmlKii20dHR9vZ2HMlAR5UkyWKxsCHJZDJlONShynQ6nUrJDNocfAou8Xg8kE2xMSVJoi5fXFyUfXCIRxDg1OsPIYwd49lsNqNL1atXr7L6BsiNVGWzAugklfOdTqfX60WFhMfRJU+bVMXvxqVtRHCovr4+0rngOLYkeRxCBL4eHR0VBAFGiRaLBV6ga3g8HlLikKyvr8PJkN3goBap2tfXR5ZZMFJVxZTFxcUvX75M9TFJwIJOpxObDgI7eQIlMMgkpTKbICsuEZz7QFmsUaqSswbql8jeXVaqKtUTpRr0MUjxSv02Vaampurr6/1+//b2tmlycvLTTz/NSrkUMJHpdDrb29thrACzm2TDyUp1EItKTwtLIdrVKqRVaqqMBWuio1R9++23v//+e/xPYrozNDRUXFx89epV9jeWtedj9OpgMEgJRPWmzpZUBXAWitVkVMmgrsjS2PnC6LEChhUDdkoymiwMtbe3Y5ZKA4vFwhYOXZ0tkwqjMEKAy8nGlF3HoMDzoUzZaiAFPKtaVlbGJkUgB1I1GAyynYeURyw4wIhGo319fRgMyTB72qRqbW1thkbEkVg0GpUkCUUJmWvIOEA1LxsiwASwBkLdy+v1gmQhF6bIEQv6FOuSOOOVdP4sKflmREDFlJWVlc+ePUv1MUnMZvPo6CgohMXFRZwXR4LBIBU5kyYpLJkyFmhiSJp4F5z4JItltRPUk1KKGmuyvr4OvQ5iS9J6AuSUIkYPCO+ySTNVBgYGLl++/Mte1cePH3/44YeZFxqNRvv6+vAHaEAdUjNJcMRisaBd2ckt7/F3OFRuZLPZTCaTbFYmgZQMtwCVrKQqqAroJVUxCuTJLwBMTk7KOn9CWygPBoMgZUZHR202G9t3kw74ZD8dHR1NQ6qSyxyyko7seDAnKkmS1+tVGhN7PB717qTejUdHR1WWa1XweDwWi0WpVuB31DCPkqqkvqRG/+qbc3C3AJYJLqa0NlSoUjUcDiv5RSInUpVds4smC0cwk60e/U6VVI3H45kbkZp5kUU2Dqyvr1ssFspxSGeEhIVWBr+mrEONWNCnnE4nZWhc5GHrr155lrwyIqBuSkmS5ubmUn1MADIXrC/BhLTGjI/ZRB2qb0B3olybzHfUzAJ1U9iXRV2uvgEANRvZZzRKVRykAWT0gAjPPkuq/OUvf+nq6vrlFwAikcjbb7+9u7t7mDG9vb2SJC0sLMBbQRDwo+npabPZPD09DW9hLurw8NBisZAlTE9PU0eUALUK7id7Qnt7u9lsHhkZwSMLCwu4x663t3dtbU32wunpaaz5tCqCIOATZc78/HxNTY3f7w8EAq9fv86lq6eBKIrqj7O2tgbT6mTjWyyW5ubm5ubmkZERbMaRkRE42NvbSxnCbDbj297eXlhJBwvK3hTPaW5uJmsCFifPhAEVeSHVkdbW1iC7IzgGIzsVsrCwQHUPs9nc29sLryEckI+msZ+zQAtAfWDDa/MxHo8HuiVVOPlWkqTt7e3t7e329vbp6WlwE/wUTCN7X6jz9vY2VSbesb29nboEZp2VNgCk9NR5mCCVSOoambC9vW2z2dCttre3wfSgRVQu7O3tZQ0EtLe3QyGU42SdwjMime8o0CvZNAGjTepC2DtEHunt7RUEAfLUwsICuh6wsLAAYhePCIIAcVWSJMrW4IlsJVN1w0NDGRG4evVqf39/qo95eHgItsNmHxkZgRTQrIDFYkFDo+BRB7b44x3Z2Et1FQi2kGvMZjPVhVBWkVBplHpASFLUcUEQqEej+vDIyAjb85ubm8m7Q6SCBXAlH0nKhQsXhoeHf/ld1UQiIUnS7OxsemWpQAo+Kneura1hxsWDHo8npUApSRLbyofHekX2I/jUbDaDzAWTUCeQUhXSeW6kKg4gNjc39fbu5GgJ5WQYBUCVmuWQNQSr50DlqHR98Ewch0AaZk+DQA+vVfTZ4eHh2toaSDpwWqVbw2nqYNRTGiZpYWRkRKW2h3KiRClUQSjR4nS9vb2UQ2ESPTw8XFtbo7Is3ldWHqlETyUMlCBPTqp6PB4YaVDHQaeq94qkgGdl0jOTctqMCGmO7Opra2vt7e2UK0Hikw0sKhMxrNuSoZWNvbLlnwapCuvGqT6mUqMtLCyAJmNTGCkGKN2mRHNzs5LHra2tsdM3h4eH5MI1VT02MhweHo6MjKQ6LcL2CvJe29vbsqEGxDr7FCndmmR3d7ekpMTn8/n9/v39fVMikfB4PB0dHWmXqATUW2U0T0ZYpefXzsLCAgxMtZSzsLBgs9lk5SwpVdXR0he18957783MzMC2DL29OzknOnWULU407xoIlQFV2uNdLW0rGzrTw0AJ8uRcw+j9mRsxKx6RRbdKAwMZESktLQ0Ggzo2Whpky9lz1luyfqPJycmLFy9CZ4vH46ZEIgH/0eFAD54/f761tZWVorJVzsHBwfPnz7NVlEbW1tbgvzLAAEJv106OKIo5biLOacZACdIQozhdMJYR9e7yeYqBjIi0tLQMDQ3p3XKc1Lh8+TL8805YZzaBLSsrK58+fap33U4vHo8HvumWP9+pUoeHck4uMVCC5K6hBDdiAWAgIyLwM0d6txwnNd566y34QaTd3d0ESlXYA6B33U4vuPofDAZ1dWqt8FDOySUGSpDcNZTgRiwADGREJB6PV1RUvHjxQu/G42hlYmICV/+j0WgCpWo8Hq+uruYTq7owNDT06aefglX29vZ0dWqt8FDOySUGSpDcNZTgRiwADGREkuHh4cuXL+vdeBxN/Pe//62qqnr06BGs/sMPIpnQllNTU01NTfuc3LKzs1NeXg4T3VtbW0dHR/q5cwqIoqh3y3FOEQZKkNw1lOBGLAAMZESK6urqxcVFvduPk5wbN260trZCN3v58iWYz8RtqS+yVsl/eCjn5BIDJUjuGkpwIxYABjIiBZ+MMwRKk3dvSNXHjx9fuHBhZ2dH79qeFp4/f15TUwNW2d7eNsqUaoKHck5uMVCC5K6hBDdiAWAgI7I0NDR88803ejchR40//vGPPT090MfI/+huomw5NDTU2toa4Zw84XC4pqYGvk1llN+oQngo5+QSAyVI7hpKGMuIeueHPMVARmSJRCJnz57997//rXcrcuT56quvmpqaoINtbW2R/7aTlqqJRKKzs/P69et617nwaWxsvHv3LlglGAzm/z9TJeGhnJNLDEzKAqsAAAUYSURBVJQguWsowY1YABjIiLIEAoH33ntvc3NT74bk0Dx69Ki2thb+PZXf7z84OCANJyNVE4nEhQsXHjx4oHfNC5nu7m6c5Q4Gg4b4LVUSHso5ucRACZK7hhLciAWAgYyoxPz8/IULF8LhsN5tyfkf5GZI2e/tyEvVSCRSV1c3Nja2xzkB/vznP+OvU/n9/ng8fvLumWV4KOfkEgMlSO4aShjLiHpniTzFQEZU4auvvmpsbAwEAno3J2dvb2/v+++/JzdD7uzssCaTl6qJRCISiTQ0NPT19en9FAVFKBRqbGzs6upCnXp4eHiSLnlS8FDOySUGSpBcqiphLCPq3eXzFAMZUZ379+9/8MEHq6urerfoaWd6erqmpgZ+RdXv94dCIdnNkIpSNZFIHB0dXbly5be//W0oFNL7cQqB1dXVmpoa3J/qN84P/rPwUM7JJQZKkNw1lOBGLAAMZMSkPH36tKqqanp6Wu9GPb3cunWrvr5+dXU16WZINamaSCSOjo7u3r37wQcf8M0AmRAKha5fv15VVYVT3OyuYWPBQzknlxgoQXLXUIIbsQAwkBG1EAqF6uvr29rafD6f3k17ulhdXW1sbLx8+TJ+jyocDqv8XmcSqQp89913Fy9erKure/jw4UtOity7d++dd95pbW0lhw5G3J9KwkM5J5cYKEFy11DCWEbUO2/kKQYyokb29/f7+/vfeeednp6eYDCodwMXPhsbG21tbeXl5eQK8+7urvqPIGmSqolE4uDgYGJioqamprGx8f79+3o/rAHw+/337t2z2+1NTU0LCwtoklAoZLjv+7PwUM7JJQZKkNw1lOBGLAAMZETtHB0d/fDDD11dXeXl5V988cXKyorezVyYLC8vQyP39vb6CfY1/Ki8VqmaSCRevXoVDofv3r1bX19fUlLyySef3Lt3z+/36/34+cXKysqtW7fOnz9fUlLS1NRErvhvbW1FIhFj/X6qEjyUc3KJgRIkdw0luBELAAMZMSVev369v7//9OnT1tbW8vJyu93e09Pz3Xff6d3ehcD9+/dbWlrKy8th6hpX/GHR/9WrV1oMlIJUBeLxeCgUWl1dHRwcbGpqKikp+fWvf11XV3f+/Pmenp6enp6qqirx1AAduqurq66urq6urqSkpLy8/PLly8PDw+SgYXt7++XLlwb6v6lJEXko5+QQ0TgJkruGEgYyYmlpqb6ZJW8pKSkxihHT4OjoaG9vb2tra2ZmpqurC8QMJPeWlpbTJm/SABRRT0/PJ598UldXZ7fbRVGsr6+/du0aubYM2yBjsZh206QsVYFoNLqzsxMIBPx+/8LCwsTExPDwcFdXV1dX18TEhP/U0Nvb29XV1dPTMzExMTExgbtRka2trZcvXxbAij8FD+WcXGKgBClyqaqAaBypCuQ0lxgNvY1zgqBghSeF5H7t2jXI9eSkIIcCJH5XV9fg4ODExAS5qgxsbm6Gw+E0vlOeplQFXr9+HY1Gd3d3Nzc3qQoFg8FcNU4+EgqFIpHITz/9lEnz5j96NzPn1KF3l08OH8UpYaDxBsDmNQ6wubmpt3FywU8//bS/vx8KhajHP+XyJlUCgcDm5ubu7u7h4WHaa8sZSVWKeDwej8f39/f39vY07j8oDOCRo9FoPB4veHlKwkM5J5cYJUHq3U75jt724XBS5ueff47H47FYbG9vT8vXgE4zr169glYCTZiV7+dkU6pyOBwOhw/hVDDKeIPD4eQP/w+P0w9l8PTsHAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="" />

使用HashMap的实现如下：

 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;

 public class Main {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         String path="E:/英语/阅读训练/哈利波特英文版1-7全集/1.Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.txt";

         Map<String,Integer> map=wordCount(path);

         for(String s:map.keySet()){
             System.out.printf("%s=%d\n",s,map.get(s));
         }

     }

     public static Map<String,Integer> wordCount(String filePath){

         BufferedReader reader=null;
         Map<String,Integer> map=new HashMap<String,Integer>();

         try {
             reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filePath),"UTF-8"));

             StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();

             String s=reader.readLine();
             while(s!=null){
                 sb.append(s);
                 s=reader.readLine();
             }

             //先进行预处理，然后再分割
             String words[]=preprocess(sb.toString()).split("\\s{1,}");

             //统计词频
             for(String e:words){
                 if("".equals(s)) continue;
                 Integer t=map.get(e);
                 map.put(e,t==null?1:t+1);
             }

         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }finally{
             try {
                 if(reader!=null) reader.close();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }

         return map;
     }

     //对内容进行预处理，去除一些干扰元素之类的
     public static String preprocess(String s){
         return s.replaceAll("\\s{1,}"," ").replaceAll("[,.'\"?!-;*]"," ").toLowerCase();
     }

 }