【Sql Server】Sql语句整理

use Person
 
<--添加约束-->
Alter table Student
    alter column  Sno char() not null;
Alter table Student
    Add constraint uq_sno unique(Sno);
Alter table Student
    Add constraint C_sex check(Ssex in('男','女'));
Alter table Student
    Add constraint df_Sage Default  for Sage;
Alter table Student
    Add constraint PK_Sno primary key(Sno);
<--要把字段设置为非空，sqlserver不允许空值列建立主键约束-->
Alter table Course
    alter column Cno char() not null
Alter table Course
    Add constraint PK_Cno primary key(Cno),constraint FK_Cpno_ foreign key(Cpno) references Course(Cno);
Alter table Course
    Drop constraint FK_Cpno_;
 
Alter table SC
    alter column Cno char() not null
 
Alter table SC
    alter column Sno char() not null
Alter table SC
    Add constraint PK_sc primary key(Sno,Cno),constraint FK_Sno foreign key(Sno) references Student(Sno),constraint FK_Cno foreign key(Cno) references Course(Cno)
 
<--插入数据-->
insert into Student(Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sage,Sdept) values('','张力','男','','cs');
select * from Course
select Getdate()
 
create table Student
(
    Sno char(),//学号
    Sname char(),//姓名
    Ssex char(),//性别
    Sage Smallint,//年龄
    Sdept  char()//系别
);
create table Course
(
    Cno char(),//课程号
    Cname char(),//课程名
    Cpno char(),//先修课号
    Ccredit Smallint//学分
);
 
create table SC
(
    Sno char(),//学号
    Cno char(),//课程号
    Grade  int//分数
)
 
                                        <--查询语句-->
 
select Sno,Grade from SC where Cno='' order by Grade desc;
 
select * from SC ORDER BY Cno,Sno desc;
 
select count(distinct Sno) from Student
 
select AVG(Grade) from SC where Cno='';
select max(grade) from SC where Cno=''
 
select Sdept,count(Sno) from Student Group by Sdept;
 
select Cno,avg(Grade) from SC group by Cno;
 
select Sno,avg(Grade) from SC group by Sno;
<--查询选修了3门课程以上的学生的学号-->
select Sno,Count(Cno) from SC group by Sno having count(cno)> ;
<-查询所有成绩为优秀的学生的学号->
select Sno,min(grade)
from SC
where Sno
    not in(select Sno from SC where Grade is null)
    Group by Sno
    having min(Grade)>=;
 
<--等值连接:查询每个学生及其选修课程的情况-->
select Student.*,Sc.*
from Student,Sc
where Student.Sno=Sc.Sno;
 
select Sno,Cno from Student,Course;
<--自身连接查询:查询每门课程的见解先修课-->
select First.Cno,Second.Cpno
from Course as First,Course as Second
where First.Cpno=Second.Cno;
 
<--自身连接查询:查询和刘晨在同一个系的学生-->
Select S2.* from Student S1,Student S2
where S1.Sname='刘晨' And S1.Sdept=S2.Sdept;
 
<--外连接查询->
Select Student.*,Sc.* from Student Left Join Sc On Student.Sno=Sc.Sno;
 
<--复合连接查询:查询选修了002课程号且成绩大于90的学生情况-->
select student.* from Student,Sc
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno And Sc.Cno='' And Grade>'';
 
<--复合连接查询:查询选修了课程的学生姓名、课程名、和成绩-->
Select Sname,Cname,Grade
from Student,SC,Course
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno And
      Sc.Cno=Course.Cno;
 
<--查询所有成绩为优秀的学生姓名-->
Select Sname
from Student,Sc
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno And
      Student.Sno Not in(Select Sno from SC where Grade is null)
      group by Sname
      having min(Grade)>;
 
<--子查询:查询未被学生选修的课程信息--->
select * from Course where Course.Cno not in (select Distinct Cno from Sc)
 
<--子查询:查询选修了课程名为数据库的课程的学生信息-->
 
select Cno from Couse where Cname='数据库'
 
select Sno from Sc
where Cno
in(select Cno from Couse where Cname='数据库')
 
select * from Student
where Sno in(select Sno from Sc where Cno in(select Cno from Course where Cname='数据库'));
 
select Student.* from Student,SC,Course
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno
      And Sc.Cno=Course.Cno
      and Course.Cname='数据库';
 
<--子查询:查找其它系中比IS某一系学生年龄小的学生信息-->
select * from Student
where Sage< Any(select Sage from Student where Sdept='is')
      And Sdept<>'is' Order by Sage Desc;
 
<--相关子查询：查询比本系平均年龄大的的学生信息-->
select *
from Student S1
where Sage>
        (select avg(Sage)
        from Student S2 where S1.Sdept=S2.Sdept)
 
<--Exists子查询；查询所有选修了001号课程的学生姓名-->
select Sname
from Student
where Exists(select *
            from Sc where Sno=Student.Sno And Cno='');
 
                                                <--集合查询-->
<--UNION运算符：查询计算机系的学生以及年龄不大于19的学生-->
Select * from Student where Sdept='CS'
Union
Select * from Student where Sage<=;
 
Select *
from Student
where Sdept='Cs' Or Sage<=;
 
<--集合的交操作 Intersect:查询选修了课程001而且002的学生学号-->
select Sno from Sc
where Cno='' And Sno In
                    (Select Sno From Sc where Cno='');    
 
Select A.Sno from Sc A,Sc B
where A.Cno='' And B.Cno='' And A.Sno=B.Sno;            
 
                                                <--插入数据-->
<--创建新表Deptage，保存每一个系的学生平均年龄-->
Create table Deptage
(
    Sdept Char(),
    Avgage Smallint
)
<--对Student表按系别进行分组，求平均年龄，然后存入表Deptage-->
Insert into
Deptage(Sdept,Avgage) select Sdept,avg(Sage)
from Student group by Sdept;
 
                                                <--修改数据-->
<--把选修了课程名为'数据库'的课程的学生的成绩改为0-->
Update Sc set Grade= where Cno in(Select cno
        from Course
        where Cname='数据库')
 
                                                <--删除数据-->
<--删除所有学生的选课记录-->
delete from sc;
<--删除计算机系(cs)所有学生的选课记录-->
delete
from SC
where Sno in(select Sno
                    from Student
                    where Sdept='CS')
 
delete
from SC
where 'CS'=(select Sdept
                    from Student
                    where Student.Sno=Sc.Sno)