在 CentOS7 部署 ELK8.0.1
在 CentOS7 部署 ELK8.0.1
目录
1 下载软件：
- CentOS 7.4 IOS下载
- 华为镜像
- Rsyslog：CentOS 7 默认安装rsyslog
2 环境准备：
2.1 关闭防火墙和SELinux
setenforce 0 #临时关闭SELinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config #永久关闭SELnux（重启生效）
2.2 修改Linux最大打开文件数
cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep -v "^#" | grep -v "^$"
* soft nproc 65536
* hard nproc 65536
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
cat /etc/sysctl.conf | grep -v "^#"
vm.max_map_count = 655360
# 应用配置
[root@aclab ~]# sysctl -p
[root@aclab ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system.conf | grep -v "^#"
[Manager]
DefaultLimitNOFILE=655360
DefaultLimitNPROC=655360
2.3 安装java环境
- 下载地址：jdk11
yum install -y jdk-11.0.15.1_linux-x64_bin.rpm
# 查看java版本
java -version
java version "11.0.15.1" 2022-04-22 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.15.1+2-LTS-10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.15.1+2-LTS-10, mixed mode)
# Java_Path
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk-11.0.15.1/
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
# LogStash_Java_Path
export LS_JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk-11.0.15.1/
3 elasticsearch
3.1 安装elasticsearch
# 安装，安装过程会自动创建superuser的密码
yum install -y elasticsearch-8.0.1-x86_64.rpm
----- Security autoconfiguration information -----
Authentication and authorization are enabled.
TLS for the transport and HTTP layers is enabled and configured.
The generated password for the elastic built-in superuser is : 5v=1nnaJ-G3Tq=sAVy-n
If this node should join an existing cluster, you can reconfigure this with
'/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-reconfigure-node --enrollment-token <token-here>'
after creating an enrollment token on your existing cluster.
You can complete the following actions at any time:
Reset the password of the elastic built-in superuser with
'/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-reset-password -u elastic'.
Generate an enrollment token for Kibana instances with
'/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token -s kibana'.
Generate an enrollment token for Elasticsearch nodes with
'/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token -s node'.
# 查看软件安装位置
rpm -ql elasticsearch
3.2 配置elasticsearch
# nano /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
# 设置内存不使用交换分区
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
# 设置允许所有ip可以连接该elasticsearch，这里根据项目需求自行修改
network.host: 0.0.0.0
# 开启监听的端口，默认为9200
http.port: 9200
# 安全特性：8.0.1默认开启，关闭为以下配置
xpack.security.enabled: false
xpack.security.enrollment.enabled: false
并注释所有xpack相关的配置。
#Elasticsearch在7.0.0之后免费使用x-pack，也为了系统业务数据安全，所以我们使用x-pack对Elasticsearch进行密码设置。
# 参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/kaysenliang/p/15515522.html
# 防火墙放行9200端口
[root@aclab ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=9200/tcp --permanent
[root@aclab ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
# 开机启动elasticsearch
systemctl enable elasticsearch
# 启动elasticsearch
systemctl start elasticsearch
# 测试elasticsearch
浏览器访问：https://192.168.210.19:9200/
elastic:5v=1nnaJ-G3Tq=sAVy-n
curl https://192.168.210.19:9200 --cacert /etc/elasticsearch/certs/http_ca.crt -u elastic
4Kibana
4.1 安装Kibana
# 安装
yum install -y kibana-8.0.1-x86_64.rpm
# 查看软件安装位置
rpm -ql kibana
4.2 配置Kibana
# nano /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
server.port: 5601
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
server.name: "aclab.kibana"
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://localhost:9200"]
# server.publicBaseUrl 缺失，在生产环境中运行时应配置。某些功能可能运行不正常。
# 这里地址改为你访问kibana的地址，不能以 / 结尾
server.publicBaseUrl: "http://192.168.210.19:5601"
# Kibana 修改中文
在kibana.yml配置文件中添加一行配置
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"
# 生成kibana加密密钥，并将生成的密钥加入到kibana配置文件中
# xpack.encryptedSavedObjects.encryptionKey: Used to encrypt stored objects such as dashboards and visualizations
# xpack.reporting.encryptionKey: Used to encrypt saved reports
# xpack.security.encryptionKey: Used to encrypt session information
[root@aclab ~]# /usr/share/kibana/bin/kibana-encryption-keys generate
xpack.encryptedSavedObjects.encryptionKey: 5bb5e37c09fd6b05958be5a3edc82cf9
xpack.reporting.encryptionKey: b2b873b52ab8ec55171bd8141095302c
xpack.security.encryptionKey: 30670e386fab78f50b012e25cb284e88
# 防火墙放行5601端口
[root@aclab ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=5601/tcp --permanent
[root@aclab ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
# 重启
# 开机启动kibana
systemctl enable kibana
# 启动kibana
systemctl start kibana
# 生成kibana令牌
[root@aclab ~]# /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token -s kibana
eyJ2ZXIiOiI4LjAuMSIsImFkciI6WyIxOTIuMTY4LjIxMC4xOTo5MjAwIl0sImZnciI6IjMzYjUwYTkxN2VmYjIwZjhjYzFjMmM0ZjFhMDdlY2Q2MTliZGUxOTU4MzMyOGY2MTJjMzMyODFjNzI0ODQ5NDYiLCJrZXkiOiJBemgtXzRBQnBtQ3lIN2p4MG1VdDpNN0tiNTFMNlM5NnhwU1lTdGpIOUVRIn0=
# 测试kibana，浏览器访问：
http://192.168.210.19:5601/
# 在tonken处输入刚刚的令牌
eyJ2ZXIiOiI4LjAuMSIsImFkciI6WyIxOTIuMTY4LjIxMC4xOTo5MjAwIl0sImZnciI6IjMzYjUwYTkxN2VmYjIwZjhjYzFjMmM0ZjFhMDdlY2Q2MTliZGUxOTU4MzMyOGY2MTJjMzMyODFjNzI0ODQ5NDYiLCJrZXkiOiJBemgtXzRBQnBtQ3lIN2p4MG1VdDpNN0tiNTFMNlM5NnhwU1lTdGpIOUVRIn0=
# 在服务器中检索验证码
sh /usr/share/kibana/bin/kibana-verification-code
# 输入Elasticsearch的用户名密码，进入系统
elastic:5v=1nnaJ-G3Tq=sAVy-n
# 进入kibana后台后可以根据需要修改elastic密码
5 Logstash
5.1 安装Logstash
# 安装
yum install -y logstash-8.0.1-x86_64.rpm
# 查看软件安装位置
rpm -ql logstash
5.2 配置Logstash
5.2.1 rsyslog配置
# 采集日志数据，需要有个数据源，这里我们使用 rsyslog 进行测试。
Linux 日志机制的核心是 rsyslog 守护进程，该服务负责监听 Linux下 的日志信息，并把日志信息追加到对应的日志文件中，一般在 /var/log 目录下。 它还可以把日志信息通过网络协议发送到另一台 Linux 服务器上，或者将日志存储在 MySQL 或 Oracle 等数据库中。
# 修改 rsyslog 配置：
vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
# remote host is: name/ip:port, e.g. 192.168.0.1:514, port optional
*.* @@192.168.210.19:10514
# 重启 rsyslog
systemctl restart rsyslog
# 防火墙配置
firewall-cmd --add-service=syslog --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
5.2.1.1 将rsyslog默认514端口修改为5140
# Provides UDP syslog reception
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 5140
# Provides TCP syslog reception
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 5140
# syslog的UDP和TCP传输的端口不是随便设置的，可通过以下命令查看
semanage port -l | grep syslog
# 将5140设置为syslog的UDP端口
semanage port -a -t syslogd_port_t -p udp 5140
# 将5140设置为syslog的TCP端口
semanage port -a -t syslogd_port_t -p tcp 5140
5.2.3 配置Logstash
# 配置分析设备
cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf
# Sample Logstash configuration for creating a simple
# Beats -> Logstash -> Elasticsearch pipeline.
input {
syslog {
type => "system-syslog"
port => "5044"
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["https://192.168.210.19:9200"]
index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM}"
user => "elastic"
password => "Admin123"
cacert => "/etc/logstash/certs/http_ca.crt"
}
}
# 创建一个软连接
[root@aclab ~]# ln -s /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash /bin/
# 验证配置是否有效，配置文件OK才能正常启动logstash
[root@aclab ~]# logstash --path.settings /etc/logstash/ -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf --config.test_and_exit
# 复制证书文件
[root@aclab ~]# mkdir /etc/logstash/certs
[root@aclab ~]# cp /etc/elasticsearch/certs/http_ca.crt !$
cp /etc/elasticsearch/certs/http_ca.crt /etc/logstash/certs
# logstash 的监听 IP 是127.0.0.1这个本地 IP，本地 IP 无法远程通信，所以需要修改一下配置文件，配置一下监听的 IP:
vim /etc/logstash/logstash.yml
api.http.host: 192.168.210.19
api.http.port: 9600
5.2.2 为Logstash配置权限
注：以RPM包安装Logstash时，默认以Logstash用户启动Logstash，在root用户下配置的文件，需要修改logstash的配置文件的权限。
cd /var/lib/logstash
chown -R logstash:logstash *
cd /var/log/logstash
chown -R logstash:logstash *
cd /etc/logstash/
chown -R logstash:logstash *
# 防火墙放行5044端口
[root@aclab ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=5044/tcp --permanent
[root@aclab ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
# 重启
# 开机启动 logstash，配置文件OK才能正常启动logstash
systemctl enable logstash
# 启动 logstash
systemctl start logstash
# 测试logstash
logstash -e 'input { stdin { } } output { stdout {} }'
输入：hello
{
"host" => {
"hostname" => "aclab.ac"
},
"message" => "hello",
"event" => {
"original" => "hello"
},
"@timestamp" => 2022-05-21T09:40:31.869638Z,
"@version" => "1"
# 查看主机是否监听了5044与9600端口
[root@aclab ~]# netstat -pantu | grep "5044\|9600"
# debug logstash
[root@aclab ~]# journalctl -xef -u logstash
5.3 Logstash无法监听514端口的解决方案
Linux默认端口在1024下的程序是要在root下才能使用的，所以logstash直接监听514需要用root用户启动
1. 修改logstash启动参数
vim /etc/logstash/startup.options
LS_USER=root
LS_GROUP=root
2. 设置自动启动服务
/usr/share/logstash/bin/system-install /etc/logstash/startup.options systemd
3. 重启logstash
systemctl restart logstash
4. 查看是否监听514端口
# netstat -anlp | grep 514
6 filebeat(读取本地日志文件需要安装)
6.1 安装filebeat
# 安装
yum install -y filebeat-8.0.1-x86_64.rpm
# 查看软件安装位置
rpm -ql filebeat
6.2 配置filebeat
# nano /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
# ========= Filebeat 输入配置 =========
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
enabled: true
# 每 5 秒检测一次文件是否有新的一行内容需要读取
backoff: "5s"
# 是否从文件末尾开始读取
tail_files: false
# 需要收集的数据所在的目录
paths:
- D:/web/openweb/Log/2021/*.log
# 自定义字段，在logstash中会根据该字段来在ES中建立不同的索引
fields:
filetype: apiweb_producelog
# 这里是收集的第二个数据，多个依次往下添加
- type: log
enabled: true
backoff: "5s"
tail_files: false
paths:
- D:/web/openweb/Logs/Warn/*.log
fields:
filetype: apiweb_supplierlog
# ========= Filebeat modules =========
filebeat.config.modules:
path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
reload.enabled: false
setup.template.settings:
index.number_of_shards: 1
setup.kibana:
# ========= Filebeat 输出配置 =========
output.redis:
enabled: true
# redis地址
hosts: ["192.168.1.103:6379"]
# redis密码，没有密码则不添加该配置项
password: 123456
# 数据存储到redis的key值
key: apilog
# 数据存储到redis的第几个库
db: 1
# 数据存储类型
datatype: list
# ========= Processors =========
processors:
- add_host_metadata:
when.not.contains.tags: forwarded
- add_cloud_metadata: ~
- add_docker_metadata: ~
- add_kubernetes_metadata: ~
7 ELK读取网络设备日志
7.1 方法一：ELK+filebeat+rsyslog
使用ELK收集网络设备日志的案例_运维开发故事的博客-CSDN博客_elk 网络设备
7.1.1 rsyslog配置
# 创建日志存放目录
[root@aclab ~]# mkdir -p /logdata/h3c/
[root@aclab ~]# mkdir /logdata/huawei/
[root@aclab ~]# mkdir /logdata/cisco/
# 设置日志接收位置
[root@aclab ~]# egrep -v "*#|^$" /etc/rsyslog.conf
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514
$WorkDirectory /var/lib/rsyslog
$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat
$IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
$OmitLocalLogging on
$IMJournalStateFile imjournal.state
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local6.none;local5.none;local4.none /var/log/messages
$template h3c,"/logdata/h3c/%FROMHOST-IP%.log"
local6.* ?h3c
$template huawei,"/logdata/huawei/%FROMHOST-IP%.log"
local5.* ?huawei
$template cisco,"/logdata/cisco/%FROMHOST-IP%.log"
local4.* ?cisco
注意：
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local6.none;local5.none;local4.none /var/log/messages
# 默认没有添加local6.none;local5.none;local4.none 命令，网络日志在写入对应的文件的同时会写入/var/log/messages 中 配置中各厂商的设备对应的local
/logdata/huawei --- local6
/logdata/h3c --- local5
/logdata/cisco --- local4
7.1.2 网络设备配置
# Huawei
info-center loghost source Vlanif99
info-center loghost your_ip facility local5
# H3C
info-center loghost source Vlan-interface99
info-center loghost your_ip facility local6
# CISCO
(config)#logging on
(config)#logging your_ip
(config)#logging facility local4
(config)#logging source-interface e0
# Ruijie
logging buffered warnings
logging source interface VLAN 99
logging facility local6
logging server your_ip
7.1.3 编辑filebeat配置文件
[root@aclab ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
enabled: true
paths:
- /logdata/huawei/*.log
tags: ["huawei"]
include_lines: ['Failed','failed','error','ERROR','\bDOWN\b','\bdown\b','\bUP\b','\bup\b']
drop_fields:
fields: ["beat","input_type","source","offset","prospector"]
- type: log
paths:
- /logdata/h3c/*.log
tags: ["h3c"]
include_lines: ['Failed','failed','error','ERROR','\bDOWN\b','\bdown\b','\bUP\b','\bup\b']
drop_fields:
fields: ["beat","input_type","source","offset","prospector"]
- type: log
paths:
- /logdata/cisco/*.log
tags: ["h3c"]
include_lines: ['Failed','failed','error','ERROR','\bDOWN\b','\bdown\b','\bUP\b','\bup\b']
drop_fields:
fields: ["beat","input_type","source","offset","prospector"]
setup.template.settings:
index.number_of_shards: 3
output.logstash:
hosts: ["your_ip:5044"]
processors:
- add_host_metadata: ~
- add_cloud_metadata: ~
7.1.4 Logstash 配置
[root@aclab ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/logstash/conf.d/networklog.conf
input {
beats {
port => 5044
}
}
filter {
if "cisco" in [tags] {
grok {
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{NUMBER:log_sequence}: .%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp}: %%%{DATA:facility}-%{POSINT:severity}-%{CISCO_REASON:mnemonic}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{NUMBER:log_sequence}: %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp}: %%{DATA:facility}-%{POSINT:severity}-%{CISCO_REASON:mnemonic}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
add_field => {"severity_code" => "%{severity}"}
overwrite => ["message"]
}
}
else if "h3c" in [tags] {
grok {
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{YEAR:year} %{DATA:hostname} %%%{DATA:vvmodule}/%{POSINT:severity}/%{DATA:digest}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
remove_field => [ "year" ]
add_field => {"severity_code" => "%{severity}"}
overwrite => ["message"]
}
}
else if "huawei" in [tags] {
grok {
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{DATA:hostname} %%%{DATA:ddModuleName}/%{POSINT:severity}/%{DATA:Brief}:%{GREEDYDATA:message}"}
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{DATA:hostname} %{DATA:ddModuleName}/%{POSINT:severity}/%{DATA:Brief}:%{GREEDYDATA:message}"}
remove_field => [ "timestamp" ]
add_field => {"severity_code" => "%{severity}"}
overwrite => ["message"]
}
}
mutate {
gsub => [
"severity", "0", "Emergency",
"severity", "1", "Alert",
"severity", "2", "Critical",
"severity", "3", "Error",
"severity", "4", "Warning",
"severity", "5", "Notice",
"severity", "6", "Informational",
"severity", "7", "Debug"
]
}
}
output{
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["https://192.168.210.19:9200"]
index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM}"
user => "elastic"
password => "Admin123"
cacert => "/etc/logstash/certs/http_ca.crt"
}
}
7.2 方法二：ELK
7.2.1 配置网络设备日志
# 思科交换机
logging host Your_ip transport udp port 5002
# H3C
info-center enable
info-center source default channel 2 trap state off
# 必要，不然日志会出现不符合级别的 alert 日志
info-center loghost Your_ip port 5003
# huawei
info-center enable
info-center loghost Your_ip
info-center timestamp log short-date
info-center timestamp trap short-date
7.2.2 配置Logstash解析网络设备日志
Logstash 的配置：
华为设备日志端口无法设置
input{
tcp {
port => 5002
type => "cisco"
}
udp {
port => 514
type => "huawei"
}
udp {
port => 5002
type => "cisco"
}
udp {
port => 5003
type => "h3c"
}
}
filter {
if [type] == "cisco" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{NUMBER:log_sequence}: .%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp}: %%%{DATA:facility}-%{POSINT:severity}-%{CISCO_REASON:mnemonic}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{NUMBER:log_sequence}: %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp}: %%{DATA:facility}-%{POSINT:severity}-%{CISCO_REASON:mnemonic}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
add_field => {"severity_code" => "%{severity}"}
overwrite => ["message"]
}
}
else if [type] == "h3c" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{YEAR:year} %{DATA:hostname} %%%{DATA:vvmodule}/%{POSINT:severity}/%{DATA:digest}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
remove_field => [ "year" ]
add_field => {"severity_code" => "%{severity}"}
overwrite => ["message"]
}
}
else if [type] == "huawei" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{DATA:hostname} %%%{DATA:ddModuleName}/%{POSINT:severity}/%{DATA:Brief}:%{GREEDYDATA:message}"}
match => { "message" => "<%{BASE10NUM:syslog_pri}>%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{DATA:hostname} %{DATA:ddModuleName}/%{POSINT:severity}/%{DATA:Brief}:%{GREEDYDATA:message}"}
remove_field => [ "timestamp" ]
add_field => {"severity_code" => "%{severity}"}
overwrite => ["message"]
}
}
mutate {
gsub => [
"severity", "0", "Emergency",
"severity", "1", "Alert",
"severity", "2", "Critical",
"severity", "3", "Error",
"severity", "4", "Warning",
"severity", "5", "Notice",
"severity", "6", "Informational",
"severity", "7", "Debug"
]
}
}
output{
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["https://Your_ip:9200"]
index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM}"
user => "elastic"
password => "Admin123"
cacert => "/etc/logstash/certs/http_ca.crt"
}
}
8 参考博客
ELK 架构之 Logstash 和 Filebeat 安装配置 - 田园里的蟋蟀 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
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