Linux shell 获取路径、文件名、文件后缀

以 make 文件为例：

file=/usr/bin/make

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%*/}
/usr/bin/make

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%%*/}
/usr/bin/make

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%%/*}

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%/*}
/usr/bin

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file#/*}
usr/bin/make

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file##/*}

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file##*/}
make

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file#*/}
usr/bin/make

　　

file=/usr/share/man/man1/make.1.gz

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%*/}
/usr/share/man/man1/make.1.gz

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%%*/}
/usr/share/man/man1/make.1.gz

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%%/*}

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file%/*}
/usr/share/man/man1

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file#/*}
usr/share/man/man1/make.1.gz

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file##/*}

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file##*/}
make.1.gz

[root@CentOs7]# echo ${file#*/}
usr/share/man/man1/make.1.gz