mysql 的热备
http://www.178linux.com/10139
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/99671.htm
http://634871.blog.51cto.com/624871/1351049
http://www.cnblogs.com/galengao/p/5755835.html
http://heylinux.com/archives/3777.html

遇到问题，解决链接

http://blog.csdn.net/sqlserverdiscovery/article/details/52856949
这里我们使用XtraBackup来实现MySQL的热备
XtraBackup取代innodbbackup的工具并且XtraBackup能够完全兼容innodb存储引擎，并对innodb存储引擎实现完全的物理层的热备。
但是缺憾就是对MyISAM表格只能做温备，而且不支持增量备份
XtraBackup更多高级特性通常只能在innodb存储引擎上实现，而且高级特性还都依赖于mysql数据库对innodb引擎实现了单独表空间，否则没办法实现单表或单库导出

所以这里我们先检查一下MySQL中的表是不是使用了每个表都单独的使用表空间，如果不是的话，将其修改成每表单独表空间

mysql> show global variables like '%innodb_file_p%';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name         | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON    |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果这里是ＯＦＦ的话，我们就要开启这个功能
将来一旦要用到xtrabackup或各种高级功能的话建议刚安装mysql的时候直接将默认配置去写进配置文件，中途再更改的话会非常麻烦
加入说我们现在是ＯＦＦ状态的话，我们需要先停数据库
然后使用mysqldump 全备份
mysqldump -uroot --lock-all-tables --all-databases --master-data=2 --events> /bak/all.sql

编辑配置文件加入以下参数
vim /etc/my.cnf
添加如下
innodb_file_per_table= 1

而后删除数据文件并重新初始化
[root@test2 data]#pwd
/mydata/data
[root@test2 data]# rm -fr *

重新初始化：
[root@test mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/mydata/data/ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/

重启数据库
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
mysql> showglobal variables like '%innodb_file_per%';

然后就是恢复数据了
mysql> source /bak/all.sql

现在，绝大多数使用MySQL的场景中，都用到了Master-Slave这样的架构。相对于mysqldump而言，使用innobackupex备份有以下好处：
1. 以数据文件为备份对象，文件级别备份，速度快，尤其适合需要对所有数据进行备份的场景；
2. 热备份，不会对现有的数据库访问造成影响；
3. 记录binlog以及replication相关信息，在创建和恢复Slave时非常有用；
4. 支持对备份后的数据进行同步并行压缩，有效节省磁盘空间；

目前，在我们的线上环境中，数据库的大小，在没有压缩之前为500G左右，压缩之后的大小为90G左右。
而在风哥的环境中，数据库的大小已经超过了1T，以下是风哥的几点补充：
1.用innobackupex可以做到不停业务在线备份，前提是对innodb引擎，对myisam也会锁表；
2.在备份过程会导致IO很高，建议在一台slave上做备份（一般用一台slave只做备份用），不建议在主上备份；
3.innobackupex可以用增量与全量备份方式配合；

现在来说一下全备份
# 指定备份某一数据库
[root@client103 ~]#innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/ > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/innoback.log 2>&1
# 备份所有的数据库
[root@client103 backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/ > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/innoback.log 2>&1
# 注：还原时，需要清空数据目录，所以建议备份的话，执行全库备份
# 备份完成后，应用日志，是备份的数据保持一致[ /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/为备份存放的位置]
innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-15_13-58-26

# 利用刚才的备份进行数据库还原

这里我们模仿数据丢失，然后我们关闭数据库，执行恢复操作
truncate table user_admin;
service mysql_3306 stop
cd /data/dbdata/3306
mv data data_bak
mkdir data

innobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/

我在做copy-back这一步总是报错，报错内容为：Original data directory '.' is not empty
网上查找资料说要指定数据文件的目录,所以这里我添加一个--datadir，指定一下路径
innobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data  /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-15_14-55-03/

chown mysql.mysql data -R

/etc/init.d/mysql start

我们再来看看数据都恢复了

但是要是在生产环境下的话，建议使用在从库上进行备份。但是我们还要注意主库上的二进制日志（可以给这个也做一下切割备份）

现在我来做一下主从，首先我来在从库上装一下MySQL

主从的安装文章参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/smail-bao/p/6405313.html

现在我们来在从库上操作一下备份

创建全备和增备的目录

[root@bao-work-2 ~]# mkdir -p  /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/{full,incre}

现在分为常规的备份方式和压缩的备份方式

常规的备份方式为：

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/  > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/full.log 2>&1

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock  --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_14-49-26

/etc/init.d/mysql stop (要是不先执行这一步的话，等会再重启的时候会报错，关mysql都关不掉)

mv data data_bak

mkdir data

innobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock  --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_14-49-26

chown mysql.mysql data -R

/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start

启动成功

现在我们回到上面的问题

加入我们现在备份成功，遇到一个问题就是一个人把你的data目录给删除了

但是你通过 ps -ef | grep mysql 发现还是有进程

你现在要做的就是通过备份恢复数据

mkdir data

innobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock  --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_14-49-26

chown mysql.mysql data -R

[root@bao-work-2 3306]# /etc/init.d/mysql_3306 restart

MySQL server PID file could not be found!                  [失败]

Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file [失败]/dbdata/3306/data/bao-work-2.pid).

我们发现重启的时候报错了

这个时候就需要我们手动的去kill 掉MySQL的进程了

for i in $(ps -ef | grep mysql | grep -v 'grep' |  awk '{print $2}');do kill -9 $i;done

然后我们去启动数据库

/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start

这样我们就看到MySQL数据回来了

但是还有一点要注意的是，我们要去恢复主从同步。
我们要看一下从库上面的备份文件下的xtrabackup_slave_info的文件内容
[root@bao-work-2 2017-02-16_14-49-26]# cat xtrabackup_info 
uuid = 1bbe50b3-f414-11e6-b6ed-000c29831a2e
name = 
tool_name = innobackupex
tool_command = --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=... --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/
tool_version = 2.3.3
ibbackup_version = 2.3.3
server_version = 5.6.23-log
start_time = 2017-02-16 14:49:26
end_time = 2017-02-16 14:49:48
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos = filename 'mysql-bin.000006', position '120'
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 10005906
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compact = N
compressed = N
encrypted = N

然后我们进入MySQL执行下面的操作
change master to
master_host='10.230.200.19',
master_port=3306,
master_user='repl',
master_password='kongzhong789',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000006',
master_log_pos=120;

start slave;
show slave status\G;

接下来我们要看的就是从库MySQL的增量备份和恢复

指定MySQL备份方案
每天一次的完整备份+两次增量备份
在每次备份的时候都会产生日志，反正也不大可以保存下来
1.完整备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --no-lock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --compress --compress-threads=8 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/  > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full.log 2>&1

2.第一次增量备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --no-lock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --compress --compress-threads=8 --incremental /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre --incremental-basedir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 >/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre1.log 2>&1

3.第二次增量备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --no-lock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --compress --compress-threads=8 --incremental /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre --incremental-basedir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32 >/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre2.log 2>&1

恢复
取回完整备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42

报错：

在执行上面shell的时候遇到一个错误

sh: qpress: command not found

解决办法

cd /data/tools

    wget http://www.quicklz.com/qpress-11-linux-x64.tar

    tar xvf qpress-11-linux-x64.tar

    cp qpress /usr/bin

然后再执行上面的操作

取回完整备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42

下面为执行后输出内容

170216 16:39:11 innobackupex: Starting the decrypt and decompress operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the decrypt and decompress run completes successfully.

           At the end of a successful decrypt and decompress run innobackupex

           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 525ca7d)

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./xtrabackup_slave_info.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./backup-my.cnf.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./ibdata1.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin_role_priv.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_pre_auth_trade.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role_fun.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_history_yield.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/act_t_activity.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/servers.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_console_menu.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_withdraw_deposit_order.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_xmas_count.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/crm_person_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin_role.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/help_relation.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/slave_worker_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/servers.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/help_relation.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_project_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_third_interface_log.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/cd_t_withdraw.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_city.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_withdraw_deposit_order.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/db.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_area.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_department.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_city.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_oauth_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_province.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/help_topic.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_my_hongbao_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_question.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_account_detail.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_awards_xmas.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_templet_field.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_project_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_grant_record.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/plugin.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role_authority.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_company_user.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/user.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/con_t_credit_pro.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_staff.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/act_t_lottery_coupon.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/crm_t_banks.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_staff.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/procs_priv.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_borrower_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/cd_t_credit_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/servers.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_operation_log.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/act_t_awards_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/tables_priv.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_project_tag.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/crm_t_car_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_district.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_game.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_pre_auth_trade.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/tpp_t_repayment.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_text_content.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/event.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/slave_worker_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_active.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_staff_role.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_district.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/slave_relay_log_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_question.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/crm_agent_company_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/help_topic.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_my_hongbao_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role_fun.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin_role_priv.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/columns_priv.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/cd_t_credit_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/help_relation.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/help_category.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_hongbao_batch_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/general_log.CSM.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_function.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_order_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_ad_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/help_category.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_template.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_console_menu.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_sms_log.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_district.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/ft_t_credit_detail_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/user.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_reimburse_order.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/ft_t_tender_plan.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_news_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_dict.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/sys_t_log.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/tpp_t_transfer.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_project_detail_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_award_num.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_user_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/con_t_fortune_pro.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/con_t_fortune_pro.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_project_category.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/proc.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_touzi_summary.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/slow_log.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_new_project_limit.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/slow_log.CSM.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_user_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_question_answer.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_hongbao_type.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/innodb_table_stats.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_active.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_total_user.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_awards_xmas.frm.qp

170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/crm_agent_person_info.ibd.qp

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170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_admin_role_priv.frm.qp

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170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_news_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_dict.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_log.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/tpp_t_transfer.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_licai_project_detail_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award_num.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/con_t_fortune_pro.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/con_t_fortune_pro.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_category.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_touzi_summary.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_new_project_limit.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_question_answer.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_hongbao_type.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_active.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_total_user.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_awards_xmas.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_agent_person_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_operation_log.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_attachment.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_person_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_staff_role.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_history_yield.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_agent_company_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_touzi_summary.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_count.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_sms_log.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_question_answer.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_record.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_menu.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_status_event.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_login_award.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_role_authority.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_borrower_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_oauth_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_news_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_area.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_account_detail.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_licai_order_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_login_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_new_project_limit.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_game.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_licai_project_detail_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_tag.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award_num.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_text_content.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_console_dictionary.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_menu.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_province.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_credit_detail_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_admin.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_login_logger.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_attachment.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_message_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_login_logger.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan_credit.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_record.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_withdraw.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/tpp_t_transfer.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_category.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_grant_record.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_user.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_lottery_coupon.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_province.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_company_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_company_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_admin_role.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_city.MYI.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_hongbao_batch_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan_credit.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_login_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_third_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_console_dictionary.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_log.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_payment.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_function.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_template.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_reimburse_order.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_third_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_payment.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_agent_person_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_audit_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_lottery_count.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/tpp_t_repayment.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_application.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_status_event.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_awards_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_third_interface_log.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_templet_field.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_dict.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_repayment_order.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_lottery_count.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_audit_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_login_award.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_application.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_service.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_user.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_newbie_guide.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_repayment_order.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_ad_info.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_newbie_guide.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_banks.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_hongbao_type.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_car_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_message_info.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_total_user.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_department.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_user.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_deposite.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_deposite.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_activity.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_service.ibd.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/con_t_credit_pro.frm.qp

170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./xtrabackup_info.qp

170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./xtrabackup_logfile.qp

170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./test/db.opt.qp

170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./xtrabackup_binlog_info.qp

170216 16:39:12 completed OK!

find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 -name "*.qp" -delete

备份完成后，应用日志，是备份的数据保持一致

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42

下面为输出内容：

170216 16:44:05 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.

           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex

           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 525ca7d)

xtrabackup: cd to /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42

xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.

xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=2097152, start_lsn=(10007614)

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 2097152

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 2097152

xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.

xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)

InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M

InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

InnoDB: The log sequence numbers 10007584 and 10007584 in ibdata files do not match the log sequence number 10007614 in the ib_logfiles!

InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!

InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.

InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...

InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages

InnoDB: from the doublewrite buffer...

xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 5321597, file name mysql-bin.000005

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1

InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 10007614

170216 16:44:06 completed OK!

合并第一个增量备份（必须加参数--redo-only）

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32

find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32 -name "*.qp" -delete

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32

合并第二个增量备份（必须加参数--redo-only）

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/

find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/ -name "*.qp" -delete

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/

准备完整的备份

#find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 -name "*.qp" -delete

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42

/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 stop

模拟数据丢失

cd /data/dbdat/3306

mv data data_bak

mkdir data

innobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42

chown mysql.mysql data -R

/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start

后面的步骤就和之前一样了，记得要恢复主从
这里是从哪个日志节点开始恢复呢
我们看一下最后的完整备份下的
[root@bao-work-2 2017-02-16_16-09-42]#cat xtrabackup_slave_info
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=17767858

change master to
master_host='10.230.200.19',
master_port=3306,
master_user='repl',
master_password='kongzhong789',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',
master_log_pos=17767858;

start slave;

show slave status\G;

经过上面的测试数据全部恢复，主从同步

我现在回放一下我的实验流程

、mysql slave 全备

、master update

、slave 第一次增量备份

、master update

、slave 第二次增量备份

、stop slave

、mv  data data_bak ,mkdir data

、update master

然后就是恢复数据了

、取回完整备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata//my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata//mysql.sock --decompress --parallel= /data/bak_dir/mysql//full/--16_16--

--16_16--：是全备份的目录

find /data/bak_dir/mysql//full/--16_16-- -name "*.qp" -delete

、合并第一个增量备份，必须加参数--redo-only

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata//my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata//mysql.sock --decompress --parallel= /data/bak_dir/mysql//incre/--16_16--

find /data/bak_dir/mysql//incre/--16_16-- -name "*.qp" -delete

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata//my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port= --socket=/data/dbdata//mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql//full/--16_16-- --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql//incre/--16_16--

--16_16--：是全备份的目录

--16_16--：第一次增量备份的目录

、合并第二个增量备份（必须加参数--redo-only）

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata//my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata//mysql.sock --decompress --parallel= /data/bak_dir/mysql//incre/--16_16--/

find /data/bak_dir/mysql//incre/--16_16--/ -name "*.qp" -delete

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata//my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port= --socket=/data/dbdata//mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql//full/--16_16-- --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql//incre/--16_16--/

--16_16--：第二次增量备份的目录

、现在准备完整的备份

innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata//my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port= --socket=/data/dbdata//mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql//full/--16_16--

mv  data data_bak

mkdir data

innobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata//my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata//mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata//data /data/bak_dir/mysql//full/--16_16--

chown mysql.mysql data -R

/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start

这个时候恢复的数据是不完整的，只是把数据恢复到了slave第二次增量备份之前

所以我们现在要重新恢复主从

cd 到完整备份的目录下

# cat xtrabackup_slave_info

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=

然后执行change master to

3、小结
a、Xtrabackup恢复的目的要是保证事务(数据)的一致性，Xtrabackup log会记录这些事务备份期间的状态
b、恢复过程分为2个阶段，一个是Prepare阶段，一个是copy back阶段，恢复前关闭原有实例
c、Prepare阶段会根据从innodb logfile捕获出来的信息(记录在xtrabackup log)来进行相应的前滚或回滚
d、Prepare阶段会在成功前滚或回滚后创建新的innodb logfile(空)
e、copy back阶段则是将成功恢复的全部文件复制回原来或指定的数据目录(目录应为空目录)
f、copy back前需要关闭原有实例，如果恢复到不同的实例则不需要
g、copy back完成后应做相应的权限修改
h、启动恢复后的实例并进行相关验证

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