Application Programming Interface (API)

Wallets and Signers

A Wallet manages a private/public key pair which is used to cryptographically sign transactions and prove ownership on the Ethereum network.钱包管理一个私有/公钥对，该对用于在Ethereum网络上对交易进行加密签名并证明所有权。

Wallet

The Wallet implements the Signer API and can be used anywhere a Signer is expected and has all the required properties.钱包实现了签名者API，可以在需要签名者的任何地方使用，并具有所有必需的属性。

Creating Instances

new Wallet ( privateKey [ , provider ] )

Creates a new instance from privateKey and optionally connect a provider

使用私钥创建新实例并可选地连接provider

Wallet. createRandom ( [ options ] ) ^=> Wallet

Creates a new random wallet. Ensure this wallet is stored somewhere safe, if lost there is NO way to recover it.

随机创建钱包。保证钱包存储在某个安全的地方，如果丢失了是没有办法恢复的

Options may have the properties:可选项的属性

extraEntropy — additional entropy to stir into the random source额外的熵加入到随机源中

Wallet. fromEncryptedJson ( json, password [ , progressCallback ] ) ^=> Wallet （回调）

Decrypt an encrypted Secret Storage JSON Wallet (from Geth, parity, Crowdsale tools, or that was created using prototype.encrypt )

对加密的秘密存储JSON钱包进行解密

Wallet. fromMnemonic ( mnemonic [ , path ^{= “m/44’/60’/0’/0/0”} [ , wordlist ] ] ) ^=> Wallet

Generate a BIP-039 + BIP-044 wallet from mnemonic deriving path using the wordlist. The default language is English (en).

通过使用wordlist并从path派生的助记词来创建 BIP-039 + BIP-044钱包。默认的语言是英语

In the browserified dist/ethers.min.js only the English wordlist is available. Each additional wordlist may be included by adding a <script> for the dist/wordlist-*.js想使用别的语言就在后面加上后缀

The current supported wordlists are:

Language	node.js	Browser
English (US)	`ethers.wordlists.en`	included
Italian	`ethers.wordlists.it`	`dist/wordlist-it.js`
Japanese	`ethers.wordlists.ja`	`dist/wordlist-ja.js`
Korean	`ethers.wordlists.ko`	`dist/wordlist-ko.js`
Chinese (simplified)	`ethers.wordlists.zh_cn`	`dist/wordlist-zh.js`
Chinese (traditional)	`ethers.wordlists.zh_tw`	`dist/wordlist-zh.js`

prototype . connect ( provider ) ^=> Wallet

Creates a new Wallet instance from an existing instance, connected to a new provider.通过现成的实例去创建一个新的钱包实例，然后连接一个新的provider

实现例子：

1.load a private key

const ethers = require('ethers');

let privateKey = "0x0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123";

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey);

// Connect a wallet to mainnet

let provider = ethers.getDefaultProvider();

console.log(provider);

// FallbackProvider {

//   _network:

//    { name: 'homestead',

//      chainId: 1,

//      ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//      _defaultProvider: [Function] },

//   ready:

//    Promise {

//      { name: 'homestead',

//        chainId: 1,

//        ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//        _defaultProvider: [Function] } },

//   _lastBlockNumber: -2,

//   _balances: {},

//   _events: [],

//   _pollingInterval: 4000,

//   _emitted: { block: -2 },

//   _fastQueryDate: 0,

//   _providers:

//    [ InfuraProvider {

//        _network:

//         { name: 'homestead',

//           chainId: 1,

//           ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//           _defaultProvider: [Function] },

//        ready:

//         Promise {

//           { name: 'homestead',

//             chainId: 1,

//             ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//             _defaultProvider: [Function] } },

//        _lastBlockNumber: -2,

//        _balances: {},

//        _events: [],

//        _pollingInterval: 4000,

//        _emitted: { block: -2 },

//        _fastQueryDate: 0,

//        connection: { url: 'https://mainnet.infura.io/' },//连接的network

//        apiAccessToken: null },

//      EtherscanProvider {

//        _network:

//         { name: 'homestead',

//           chainId: 1,

//           ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//           _defaultProvider: [Function] },

//        ready:

//         Promise {

//           { name: 'homestead',

//             chainId: 1,

//             ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//             _defaultProvider: [Function] } },

//        _lastBlockNumber: -2,

//        _balances: {},

//        _events: [],

//        _pollingInterval: 4000,

//        _emitted: { block: -2 },

//        _fastQueryDate: 0,

//        baseUrl: 'https://api.etherscan.io',

//        apiKey: undefined } ] }

console.log();

let walletWithProvider = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey, provider);

console.log(walletWithProvider);

// Wallet {

//   signingKey:

//    SigningKey {

//      privateKey:

//       '0x0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123',

//      keyPair:

//       KeyPair {

//         privateKey:

//          '0x0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123',

//         publicKey:

//          '0x046655feed4d214c261e0a6b554395596f1f1476a77d999560e5a8df9b8a1a3515217e88dd05e938efdd71b2cce322bf01da96cd42087b236e8f5043157a9c068e',

//         compressedPublicKey:

//          '0x026655feed4d214c261e0a6b554395596f1f1476a77d999560e5a8df9b8a1a3515',

//         publicKeyBytes:

//          [ 2,

//            102,

//            85,

//            254,

//            237,

//            77,

//            33,

//            76,

//            38,

//            30,

//            10,

//            107,

//            85,

//            67,

//            149,

//            89,

//            111,

//            31,

//            20,

//            118,

//            167,

//            125,

//            153,

//            149,

//            96,

//            229,

//            168,

//            223,

//            155,

//            138,

//            26,

//            53,

//            21 ] },

//      publicKey:

//       '0x046655feed4d214c261e0a6b554395596f1f1476a77d999560e5a8df9b8a1a3515217e88dd05e938efdd71b2cce322bf01da96cd42087b236e8f5043157a9c068e',

//      address: '0x14791697260E4c9A71f18484C9f997B308e59325' },//上面的私钥对应的address

//   provider:

//    FallbackProvider {

//      _network:

//       { name: 'homestead',

//         chainId: 1,

//         ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//         _defaultProvider: [Function] },

//      ready:

//       Promise {

//         { name: 'homestead',

//           chainId: 1,

//           ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//           _defaultProvider: [Function] } },

//      _lastBlockNumber: -2,

//      _balances: {},

//      _events: [],

//      _pollingInterval: 4000,

//      _emitted: { block: -2 },

//      _fastQueryDate: 0,

//      _providers:

//       [ InfuraProvider {

//           _network:

//            { name: 'homestead',

//              chainId: 1,

//              ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//              _defaultProvider: [Function] },

//           ready:

//            Promise {

//              { name: 'homestead',

//                chainId: 1,

//                ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//                _defaultProvider: [Function] } },

//           _lastBlockNumber: -2,

//           _balances: {},

//           _events: [],

//           _pollingInterval: 4000,

//           _emitted: { block: -2 },

//           _fastQueryDate: 0,

//           connection: { url: 'https://mainnet.infura.io/' },

//           apiAccessToken: null },

//         EtherscanProvider {

//           _network:

//            { name: 'homestead',

//              chainId: 1,

//              ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//              _defaultProvider: [Function] },

//           ready:

//            Promise {

//              { name: 'homestead',

//                chainId: 1,

//                ensAddress: '0x314159265dd8dbb310642f98f50c066173c1259b',

//                _defaultProvider: [Function] } },

//           _lastBlockNumber: -2,

//           _balances: {},

//           _events: [],

//           _pollingInterval: 4000,

//           _emitted: { block: -2 },

//           _fastQueryDate: 0,

//           baseUrl: 'https://api.etherscan.io',

//           apiKey: undefined } ] } }

2.create a new random account

const ethers = require('ethers');

let randomWallet = ethers.Wallet.createRandom();

console.log(randomWallet)

// Wallet {

//   signingKey:

//    SigningKey {

//      mnemonic:

//       'lend actress blossom tomorrow taste wolf harsh parent this hawk staff piece',

//      path: "m/2147483692'/2147483708'/2147483648'/0/0",//path不是"m/44'/60'/0'/0/0"

//      privateKey:

//       '0xee7a2b6165a624535c3dc3cb0b9f58d01bf326bbab239f16a43ee704659eb234',

//      keyPair:

//       KeyPair {

//         privateKey:

//          '0xee7a2b6165a624535c3dc3cb0b9f58d01bf326bbab239f16a43ee704659eb234',

//         publicKey:

//          '0x04c9bdc4a2d31375540efaf5414c53d2e778da976bc2a3ddb2d5eefa5e6ac85ee3dd794af0b679fceb92df9bb0417267d3d5147ccf3a30c2e734edb7f933c98b63',

//         compressedPublicKey:

//          '0x03c9bdc4a2d31375540efaf5414c53d2e778da976bc2a3ddb2d5eefa5e6ac85ee3',

//         publicKeyBytes:

//          [ 3,

//            201,

//            189,

//            196,

//            162,

//            211,

//            19,

//            117,

//            84,

//            14,

//            250,

//            245,

//            65,

//            76,

//            83,

//            210,

//            231,

//            120,

//            218,

//            151,

//            107,

//            194,

//            163,

//            221,

//            178,

//            213,

//            238,

//            250,

//            94,

//            106,

//            200,

//            94,

//            227 ] },

//      publicKey:

//       '0x04c9bdc4a2d31375540efaf5414c53d2e778da976bc2a3ddb2d5eefa5e6ac85ee3dd794af0b679fceb92df9bb0417267d3d5147ccf3a30c2e734edb7f933c98b63',

//      address: '0x6C1383Bb5Fb9A993F158918bC25A1efcCB1F3813' },

//   provider: undefined }

3.load a JSON wallet（回调）

const ethers = require('ethers');

let data = {

    id: "fb1280c0-d646-4e40-9550-7026b1be504a",

    address: "88a5c2d9919e46f883eb62f7b8dd9d0cc45bc290",

    Crypto: {

        kdfparams: {

            dklen: ,

            p: ,

            salt: "bbfa53547e3e3bfcc9786a2cbef8504a5031d82734ecef02153e29daeed658fd",

            r: ,

            n:

        },

        kdf: "scrypt",

        ciphertext: "10adcc8bcaf49474c6710460e0dc974331f71ee4c7baa7314b4a23d25fd6c406",

        mac: "1cf53b5ae8d75f8c037b453e7c3c61b010225d916768a6b145adf5cf9cb3a703",

        cipher: "aes-128-ctr",

        cipherparams: {

            iv: "1dcdf13e49cea706994ed38804f6d171"

         }

    },

    "version" :

};

let json = JSON.stringify(data);//转成字符串格式

let password = "foo";

ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson(json, password).then(function(wallet) {

    console.log("Address: " + wallet.address);

    // "Address: 0x88a5C2d9919e46F883EB62F7b8Dd9d0CC45bc290"

});

4.load a mnemonic phrase

⚠️这里的'm/44\'/60\'/0\'/0/0'在显示时显示为 "m/2147483692'/2147483708'/2147483648'/0/0"，所以

"m/44'/60'/1'/0/0" 对应的就是 "m/2147483692'/2147483708'/2147483649'/0/0"

const ethers = require('ethers');

let mnemonic = "radar blur cabbage chef fix engine embark joy scheme fiction master release";

let mnemonicWallet = ethers.Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic);

console.log(mnemonicWallet);

// Wallet {

//   signingKey:

//    SigningKey {

//      mnemonic:

//       'radar blur cabbage chef fix engine embark joy scheme fiction master release',

//      path: "m/2147483692'/2147483708'/2147483648'/0/0",

//      privateKey:

//       '0xb96e9ccb774cc33213cbcb2c69d3cdae17b0fe4888a1ccd343cbd1a17fd98b18',

//      keyPair:

//       KeyPair {

//         privateKey:

//          '0xb96e9ccb774cc33213cbcb2c69d3cdae17b0fe4888a1ccd343cbd1a17fd98b18',

//         publicKey:

//          '0x0405b7d0996e99c4a49e6c3b83288f4740d53662839eab1d97d14660696944b8bbe24fabdd03888410ace3fa4c5a809e398f036f7b99d04f82a012dca95701d103',

//         compressedPublicKey:

//          '0x0305b7d0996e99c4a49e6c3b83288f4740d53662839eab1d97d14660696944b8bb',

//         publicKeyBytes:

//          [ 3,

//            5,

//            183,

//            208,

//            153,

//            110,

//            153,

//            196,

//            164,

//            158,

//            108,

//            59,

//            131,

//            40,

//            143,

//            71,

//            64,

//            213,

//            54,

//            98,

//            131,

//            158,

//            171,

//            29,

//            151,

//            209,

//            70,

//            96,

//            105,

//            105,

//            68,

//            184,

//            187 ] },

//      publicKey:

//       '0x0405b7d0996e99c4a49e6c3b83288f4740d53662839eab1d97d14660696944b8bbe24fabdd03888410ace3fa4c5a809e398f036f7b99d04f82a012dca95701d103',

//      address: '0xaC39b311DCEb2A4b2f5d8461c1cdaF756F4F7Ae9' },

//   provider: undefined }

console.log();

// Load the second account from a mnemonic

let path = "m/44'/60'/1'/0/0";

let secondMnemonicWallet1 = ethers.Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic, path);

console.log(secondMnemonicWallet1);

// Wallet {

//   signingKey:

//    SigningKey {

//      mnemonic:

//       'radar blur cabbage chef fix engine embark joy scheme fiction master release',//这个账户与上面的账户虽然mnemonic是相同的，但是他的path不同，所以产生的账户是不同的

//      path: "m/2147483692'/2147483708'/2147483649'/0/0",

//      privateKey:

//       '0xfb848dd410a29bc784745d01c877a2934a3711a2dd53b8e5c5c651139a3b3689',

//      keyPair:

//       KeyPair {

//         privateKey:

//          '0xfb848dd410a29bc784745d01c877a2934a3711a2dd53b8e5c5c651139a3b3689',

//         publicKey:

//          '0x04b56a6ea9ee08ceb0758d8564b2a33139e4da0ea36991d0fcc9fcba62e3a76f7834c86b3bc04342c697c4df9233a9a53b1c17e152a18751804f80f3b11a692baf',

//         compressedPublicKey:

//          '0x03b56a6ea9ee08ceb0758d8564b2a33139e4da0ea36991d0fcc9fcba62e3a76f78',

//         publicKeyBytes:

//          [ 3,

//            181,

//            106,

//            110,

//            169,

//            238,

//            8,

//            206,

//            176,

//            117,

//            141,

//            133,

//            100,

//            178,

//            163,

//            49,

//            57,

//            228,

//            218,

//            14,

//            163,

//            105,

//            145,

//            208,

//            252,

//            201,

//            252,

//            186,

//            98,

//            227,

//            167,

//            111,

//            120 ] },

//      publicKey:

//       '0x04b56a6ea9ee08ceb0758d8564b2a33139e4da0ea36991d0fcc9fcba62e3a76f7834c86b3bc04342c697c4df9233a9a53b1c17e152a18751804f80f3b11a692baf',

//      address: '0x9F7ffcb016b0f7b142529bF27ef1eC5b0039C32C' },

//   provider: undefined }

console.log();

// Load using a non-english locale wordlist (the path "null" will use the default)

let secondMnemonicWallet2 = ethers.Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic, null, ethers.wordlists.ko);

//报错：Error: invalid mnemonic，因为mnemonic的内容为英文

console.log(secondMnemonicWallet2);

5.connect provider

connect也没有办法将provider添加到wallet上。connect()没有用，wallet的provider还是undefined

const ethers = require('ethers');

let mnemonic = "success rifle romance major host prosper subway regular edge old lake achieve";

let mnemonicWallet = ethers.Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic);

// console.log(mnemonicWallet);

// console.log();

let customHttpProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("http://localhost:8545");

console.log();

mnemonicWallet.connect(customHttpProvider);

console.log(mnemonicWallet);

更改：写成下面这样就好了，要连在一起写

const ethers = require('ethers');

let mnemonic = "success rifle romance major host prosper subway regular edge old lake achieve";

let customHttpProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("http://localhost:8545");

let mnemonicWallet = ethers.Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic).connect(customHttpProvider);

console.log(mnemonicWallet);

Wallet {

  signingKey:

   SigningKey {

     mnemonic:

      'success rifle romance major host prosper subway regular edge old lake achieve',

     path: "m/2147483692'/2147483708'/2147483648'/0/0",

     privateKey:

      '0x9af0f29100b9575ffe7d5596d87003b6ada89076ca84342f1fe57d85acde4ca6',

     keyPair:

      KeyPair {

        privateKey:

         '0x9af0f29100b9575ffe7d5596d87003b6ada89076ca84342f1fe57d85acde4ca6',

        publicKey:

         '0x04e5a5bca0b02b9b96b9009023adf1ef37bc79e4962b6ea11e1429cc03dc0a41ae3520322e2d5bfddc175a0c0883478bd372fee2b81dd28629fa1f8e10f390bfad',

        compressedPublicKey:

         '0x03e5a5bca0b02b9b96b9009023adf1ef37bc79e4962b6ea11e1429cc03dc0a41ae',

        publicKeyBytes:

         [ ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

           ,

            ] },

     publicKey:

      '0x04e5a5bca0b02b9b96b9009023adf1ef37bc79e4962b6ea11e1429cc03dc0a41ae3520322e2d5bfddc175a0c0883478bd372fee2b81dd28629fa1f8e10f390bfad',

     address: '0x3455f15cc11F2E77c055f931A6C918ccc7c18fd8' },

  provider:

   JsonRpcProvider {

     ready: Promise { <pending> },

     _lastBlockNumber: -,

     _balances: {},

     _events: [],

     _pollingInterval: ,

     _emitted: { block: - },

     _fastQueryDate: ,

     connection: { url: 'http://localhost:8545' } } }

Prototype

prototype . address

The public address of a wallet钱包的账户地址

prototype . privateKey

The private key of a wallet; keep this secret钱包私钥，秘密保存

prototype . provider

A connected Provider which allows the wallet to connect to the Ethereum network to query its state and send transactions, or null if no provider is connected.允许钱包连接以太坊网络的连接provider，用来查询状态和发送交易。当没有provider连接时，其值为null

To change the provider, use the connect method, which will return a new instance of the Wallet connected to the provider.使用connect方法可以改变provider，且返回一个新的连接该provider的钱包实例

prototype . mnemonic

The mnemonic phrase for this wallet, or null if the mnemonic is unknown.钱包的mnemonic，如果未知则值为null

prototype . path mnemonic的path，如果mnemonic未知则值为null

The mnemonic path for this wallet, or null if the mnemonic is unknown.

Signing

prototype . sign ( transaction ) => Promise<string>

Signs transaction and returns a Promise that resolves to the signed transaction as a hex string.

对交易签名并返回带着签名交易十六进制字符串的Promise

In general, the sendTransaction method is preferred to sign, as it can automatically populate values asynchronously.

通常sendTransaction方法将优先进行签名操作，因为它可以自动异步填充值

The properties for transaction are all optional and include:交易属性都是可选的，包括

to

gasLimit

gasPrice

nonce

data

value

chainId

prototype . signMessage ( message ) => Promise<string>

Signs message and returns a Promise that resolves to the flat-format signature.

对消息进行签名并返回带有flat格式签名的Promise

If message is a string, it is converted to UTF-8 bytes, otherwise it is preserved as a binary representation of the Arrayish data.

如果签名是一个字符串，将转换成UTF-8字节，否则，它将被保留为Arrayish数据的二进制表示形式

1.signing transactions

出现问题：

{ Error: Transaction hash mismatch from Provider.sendTransaction. (expectedHash="0xb48c1995addcf3268bdbe1a33878b7048de1fbfd5bc2ccb571ce63d2a4ab8953", returnedHash="0xb2047727e995b52c883c29b71819969c15d0f6e933e42ad19e84df08e14fa7fa", version=4.0.)

发现版本6.1.8的ganache-cli解决了这个问题，如果使用的是最新版的6.2.3版本，还是会抱这个错误,解决看ganache-cli

const ethers = require('ethers');

const utils = require('ethers/utils');

let privateKey = "9af0f29100b9575ffe7d5596d87003b6ada89076ca84342f1fe57d85acde4ca6";

let customHttpProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("http://localhost:8545");

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey,customHttpProvider);

console.log(wallet.address);//0x3455f15cc11F2E77c055f931A6C918ccc7c18fd8

console.log();

let transaction = {

    nonce: ,//(node:1036) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: nonce has already been used (version=4.0.13)

    gasLimit: ,

    gasPrice: utils.bigNumberify(""),

    to: "0x7DdaD6a67544efB0c51808c77009a7B98Cc81630",

    // ... or supports ENS names

    // to: "ricmoo.firefly.eth",

    //(node:1037) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: insufficient funds (version=4.0.13),所以将value设为0

    value: ,

    data: "0x",

    // This ensures the transaction cannot be replayed on different networks

    // chainId:

};

let signPromise = wallet.sign(transaction)

signPromise.then((signedTransaction) => {

    console.log(signedTransaction);

    //0xf865808504a817c80083033450947ddad6a67544efb0c51808c77009a7b98cc8163080801ca0ae2b8b042371a68d2e00b3ad5949575e24428f0eb432d3094af4d72ee0cc63fea04de5df55127c7e9d9dedaa8d754afbb14fc32686ea31cfa01d1d06409dcf24be

    customHttpProvider.sendTransaction(signedTransaction).then((tx) => {

        console.log(tx);

        // {

        //    // These will match the above values (excluded properties are zero)

        //    "nonce", "gasLimit", "gasPrice", "to", "value", "data", "chainId"

        //

        //    // These will now be present

        //    "from", "hash", "r", "s", "v"

        //  }

        // Hash:

        // { nonce: 0,

        //   gasPrice: BigNumber { _hex: '0x04a817c800' },

        //   gasLimit: BigNumber { _hex: '0x033450' },

        //   to: '0x7DdaD6a67544efB0c51808c77009a7B98Cc81630',

        //   value: BigNumber { _hex: '0x00' },

        //   data: '0x',

        //   chainId: 0,

        //   v: 28,

        //   r:

        //    '0xae2b8b042371a68d2e00b3ad5949575e24428f0eb432d3094af4d72ee0cc63fe',

        //   s:

        //    '0x4de5df55127c7e9d9dedaa8d754afbb14fc32686ea31cfa01d1d06409dcf24be',

        //   from: '0x3455f15cc11F2E77c055f931A6C918ccc7c18fd8',

        //   hash:

        //    '0xb48c1995addcf3268bdbe1a33878b7048de1fbfd5bc2ccb571ce63d2a4ab8953',

        //   wait: [Function] }

    }).catch((e) => {

        console.log(e);

    });

}).catch((e) => {

    console.log(e);

});

⚠️这里的sendTransaction使用的是provider.sendTransaction,如果使用wallet.provider,则会报错：

{ Error: invalid object (argument="object", value="0xf865028504a817c80083033450947ddad6a67544efb0c51808c77009a7b98cc8163080801ba05aff2cfaeea6300c27300fc44eeba439911c5aff606bb3b58427a6812c092eb8a02867804ba9d2443a60be158cf52ade06a49a810833aaf96f029b507d1e7d51b8", version=4.0.)

2.signing text messages

const ethers = require('ethers');

let privateKey = "0x3141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592"

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey);

// Sign a text message

let signPromise = wallet.signMessage("Hello World!")

signPromise.then((signature) => {

    // Flat-format

    console.log(signature);

    // "0xea09d6e94e52b48489bd66754c9c02a772f029d4a2f136bba9917ab3042a0474

    //    301198d8c2afb71351753436b7e5a420745fed77b6c3089bbcca64113575ec3c

    //    1c"

    // Expanded-format

    console.log(ethers.utils.splitSignature(signature));

    // {

    //   r: "0xea09d6e94e52b48489bd66754c9c02a772f029d4a2f136bba9917ab3042a0474",

    //   s: "0x301198d8c2afb71351753436b7e5a420745fed77b6c3089bbcca64113575ec3c",

    //   v: 28,

    //   recoveryParam: 1

    //  }

});

const ethers = require('ethers');

let privateKey = "0x3141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592"

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey);

// The 66 character hex string MUST be converted to a 32-byte array first!

let hash = "0x3ea2f1d0abf3fc66cf29eebb70cbd4e7fe762ef8a09bcc06c8edf641230afec0";

let binaryData = ethers.utils.arrayify(hash);

let signPromise = wallet.signMessage(binaryData)

signPromise.then((signature) => {

    console.log(signature);

    // "0x5e9b7a7bd77ac21372939d386342ae58081a33bf53479152c87c1e787c27d06b

    //    118d3eccff0ace49891e192049e16b5210047068384772ba1fdb33bbcba58039

    //    1c"

});

Blockchain Operations

These operations require the wallet have a provider attached to it.

prototype . getBalance ( [ blockTag ⁼“latest” ] ) => Promise<BigNumber>得到钱包在blockTag区块的账户的余额: Returns a Promise that resolves to the balance of the wallet (as a BigNumber, in wei) at the blockTag.
prototype . getTransactionCount ( [ blockTag = “latest” ] ) => Promise<number>得到钱包到blockTag区块为止进行的交易数量: Returns a Promise that resovles to the number of transactions this account has ever sent (also called the nonce) at the blockTag.
prototype . estimateGas ( transaction ) => Promise<BigNumber>估计交易需要使用的gas值: Returns a Promise with the estimated cost for transaction (as a BigNumber, in gas)

prototype . sendTransaction ( transaction ) => Promise<TransactionResponse>进行交易: Sends the transaction (see Transaction Requests) to the network and returns a Promise that resolves to a Transaction Response. Any propties that are not provided will be populated from the network.

1.query the network

⚠️使用wallet.estimateGas报错：

TypeError: wallet.estimateGas is not a function

改成provider.estimateGas

const ethers = require('ethers');

const utils = require('ethers/utils');

let privateKey = "0x9af0f29100b9575ffe7d5596d87003b6ada89076ca84342f1fe57d85acde4ca6";

let customHttpProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("http://localhost:8545");

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey,customHttpProvider);

console.log(wallet.address);

wallet.getBalance().then((balance) => {

    console.log(balance);//BigNumber { _hex: '0x56bc5e0308441c000' }

}).catch((e) => {

    console.log(e);

});

wallet.getTransactionCount().then((count) => {

    console.log(count);//

}).catch((e) => {

    console.log(e);

});

let transaction = {

    nonce: ,

    gasLimit: ,

    gasPrice: utils.bigNumberify(""),

    to: "0x7DdaD6a67544efB0c51808c77009a7B98Cc81630",

    value: ,

    data: "0x",

};

customHttpProvider.estimateGas(transaction).then((gas) => {

    console.log(gas);//BigNumber { _hex: '0x5208' }

}).catch((e) => {

    console.log(e);

});

2.transfer ether

const ethers = require('ethers');

let privateKey = "0x9af0f29100b9575ffe7d5596d87003b6ada89076ca84342f1fe57d85acde4ca6";

let customHttpProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("http://localhost:8545");

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey,customHttpProvider);

console.log(wallet.address);

let transaction = {

    nonce: ,

    gasLimit: ,

    gasPrice: ethers.utils.bigNumberify(""),

    to: "0x7DdaD6a67544efB0c51808c77009a7B98Cc81630",

    value: ethers.utils.parseEther('1.0'),

    data: "0x",

};

wallet.sendTransaction(transaction).then((hash) => {

    console.log(hash);

}).catch((e) => {

    console.log(e);

});

userdeMacBook-Pro:test-ethers user$ node index.js

0x3455f15cc11F2E77c055f931A6C918ccc7c18fd8

{ nonce: ,

  gasPrice: BigNumber { _hex: '0x04a817c800' },

  gasLimit: BigNumber { _hex: '0x033450' },

  to: '0x7DdaD6a67544efB0c51808c77009a7B98Cc81630',

  value: BigNumber { _hex: '0x0de0b6b3a7640000' },

  data: '0x',

  chainId: ,

  v: ,

  r:

   '0x76bcd7c3d8a29ac8c61923b8bb09ffa612d370f1a6a487e49cf1a4954e4d66ba',

  s:

   '0x7628db1233925ab6576bc2f1114381ccc57fe24c71a14339739de351150941b9',

  from: '0x3455f15cc11F2E77c055f931A6C918ccc7c18fd8',

  hash:

   '0x0d3ae20685f546518cd1cd061f765c755adcda00c07bf1e3fe6084a603762c75',

  wait: [Function] }

Encrypted JSON Wallets（得到UTC文件）

Many systems store private keys as encrypted JSON wallets, in various formats. There are several formats and algorithms that are used, all of which are supported to be read. Only the secure scrypt variation can be generated.

许多系统将私有密钥存储为加密的JSON钱包，格式各不相同。这里使用了几种格式和算法，它们都支持读取。只有安全scrypt变量才能生成。

See Wallet.fromEncryptedJson for creating a Wallet instance from a JSON wallet.上面有例子

prototype . encrypt ( password [ , options [ , progressCallback ] ] ) => Promise<string>

Encrypts the wallet as an encrypted JSON wallet, with the password.使用password加密钱包成为加密的JSON钱包

All options are optional. The valid options are可选选项:

salt — the salt to use for scrypt

iv — the initialization vecotr to use for aes-ctr-128

uuid — the UUID to use for the wallet

scrypt — the scrypt parameters to use (N, r and p)

entropy — the mnemonic entropy of this wallet; generally you should not specify this

mnemonic — the mnemonic phrase of this wallet; generally you should not specify this

path — the mnemonic path of this wallet; generally you should not specify this

If the progressCallback is specified, it will be called periodically during encryption with a value between 0 and 1, inclusive indicating the progress.如果指定了progressCallback，将在加密期间定期调用它，其值在0到1之间，包括指示进展的值。

1.encrypt a wallet as an encrypted JSON wallet

const ethers = require('ethers');

let privateKey = "9af0f29100b9575ffe7d5596d87003b6ada89076ca84342f1fe57d85acde4ca6";

let customHttpProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("http://localhost:8545");

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey,customHttpProvider);

let password = "password123";

function callback(progress) {

    console.log("Encrypting: " + parseInt(progress * ) + "% complete");

}

let encryptPromise = wallet.encrypt(password, callback);

encryptPromise.then(function(json) {

    console.log(json);

});

Encrypting: % complete

...

Encrypting: % complete

Encrypting: % complete

Encrypting: % complete

Encrypting: % complete

{"address":"3455f15cc11f2e77c055f931a6c918ccc7c18fd8","id":"9aabbebf-5189-4b64-b6f9-0f1fc36a1e00","version":,"Crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","cipherparams":{"iv":"94d7b56547b04519f5e5cb792e88afba"},"ciphertext":"0d0703b21c7cd18a097d653d0cd952abbb339dd7ab13db89d077c2f6228d993f","kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"salt":"4152023e125784aba95d7059f814b0dd22c71c5e98b8d0700a6c178031c83840","n":,"dklen":,"p":,"r":},"mac":"2bae299f8cda556b4ab9f6026241bb7ccd473d15c30d5efbaed718e81d3fb44d"}}

Signer API

The Signer API is an abstract class which makes it easy to extend and add new signers, that can be used by this library and extension libraries. The Wallet extends the Signer API, as do the JsonRpcSigner and the Ledger Hardware Wallet Signer.

签名者API是一个抽象类，它可以方便地扩展和添加新的签名者，这些签名者可以被这个库和扩展库使用。

To implement a Signer, inherit the abstract class ethers.types.Signer and implement the following properties:

要实现签名者，继承抽象类ethers.types。签名者和实现以下属性:

object . provider 得到连接的provider

A Provider that is connected to the network. This is optional, however, without a provider, only write-only operations should be expected to work.

object . getAddress ( ) ^=> Promise<Address> 得到账户地址

Returns a Promise that resolves to the account address.

object . signMessage ( message ) => Promise<hex> 签署消息

Returns a Promise that resolves to the Flat-Format Signature for the message.

If message is a string, it is converted to UTF-8 bytes, otherwise it is preserved as a binary representation of the Arrayish data.

object . sendTransaction ( transaction ) => Promise<TransactionResponse> 发送交易

Sends the transaction (see Transaction Requests) to the network and returns a Promise that resolves to a Transaction Response. Any propties that are not provided will be populated from the network.

const ethers = require('ethers');

let privateKey = "9af0f29100b9575ffe7d5596d87003b6ada89076ca84342f1fe57d85acde4ca6";

let customHttpProvider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("http://localhost:8545");

let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey,customHttpProvider);

console.log(wallet.provider);

// JsonRpcProvider {

//   ready: Promise { <pending> },

//   _lastBlockNumber: -2,

//   _balances: {},

//   _events: [],

//   _pollingInterval: 4000,

//   _emitted: { block: -2 },

//   _fastQueryDate: 0,

//   connection: { url: 'http://localhost:8545' } }

wallet.getAddress().then((address) =>{

    console.log(address);//0x3455f15cc11F2E77c055f931A6C918ccc7c18fd8

}).catch((e)=>{

    console.log(e);

});

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ethers.js-2-wallets and signers