$Django 支付宝支付,微信服务号推送消息 (测试需要把应用程序部署到服务器上)

一 支付宝支付

　　大概

    支付宝支付
        正式环境:需要用营业执照去申请商户号,appid
        测试环境:沙箱环境:https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info 

        支付宝提供接口:给商户使用,收钱
        -Java,php,C#的demo,没有python的demo（事例）

        -git有人封装了
        -需要安装模块:pip3 install pycryptodome
        -应用私钥---自己保存,一定不能丢
        -应用公钥---给别人用
        -支付宝公钥---支付宝用的
        -生成公钥私钥:https://docs.open.alipay.com/291/105971
        -把应用公钥配置在支付宝上:应用公钥,配置完成以后,支付宝自动生成一个支付宝公钥

        -在程序中:配置应用私钥,支付宝公钥

        -如果支付成功,支付宝会回调,但是如果你的服务器挂掉了怎么办?
            -支付宝24小时以内不定时再给你发,你修改掉订单状态即可
        -支付成功,支付宝会有一个get回调,一个post回调:修改订单状态

　　沙箱测试流程(详情)

　　1.输入支付金额:在我们的网站往支付宝的网关https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do后面拼?账单(商品名,价格,我数据库生成的订单号等),回调的url等数据　　

　　2.扫码支付：点击去支付来到了拼好的支付宝url 显示支付宝页面

　

　　3.支付完成:

　　4.回调之前拼接的url:支付宝向这个url 发起get请求:GET取数据【显示】支付成功失败和post请求:body(bytes格式)内取数据：状态/我数据库的订单号/支付宝的订单号等

　　　　

　　代码(详情)

　　1.目录

　　

　　2.keys:应用私钥，支付宝公钥

alipay_public_2048.txt
    -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----  # 加上这行
        支付宝的公钥
    -----END PUBLIC KEY-----   # 同上  

app_private_2048.txt
    -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----  #同上
        应用的私钥
    -----END PUBLIC KEY-----   # 同上 

　　3.pay.py:这是从git上找到的支付宝支付接口(PC端支付接口)

from datetime import datetime
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
from urllib.parse import quote_plus
from base64 import decodebytes, encodebytes
import json

class AliPay(object):
    """
    支付宝支付接口(PC端支付接口)
    """
    def __init__(self, appid, app_notify_url, app_private_key_path,
                 alipay_public_key_path, return_url, debug=False):
        self.appid = appid
        self.app_notify_url = app_notify_url
        self.app_private_key_path = app_private_key_path
        self.app_private_key = None
        self.return_url = return_url
        with open(self.app_private_key_path) as fp:
            self.app_private_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())
        self.alipay_public_key_path = alipay_public_key_path
        with open(self.alipay_public_key_path) as fp:
            self.alipay_public_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())

        if debug is True:
            self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do"
        else:
            self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do"

    def direct_pay(self, subject, out_trade_no, total_amount, return_url=None, **kwargs):
        biz_content = {
            "subject": subject,
            "out_trade_no": out_trade_no,
            "total_amount": total_amount,
            "product_code": "FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY",
            # "qr_pay_mode":4
        }

        biz_content.update(kwargs)
        data = self.build_body("alipay.trade.page.pay", biz_content, self.return_url)
        return self.sign_data(data)

    def build_body(self, method, biz_content, return_url=None):
        data = {
            "app_id": self.appid,
            "method": method,
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "sign_type": "RSA2",
            "timestamp": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
            "version": "1.0",
            "biz_content": biz_content
        }

        if return_url is not None:
            data["notify_url"] = self.app_notify_url
            data["return_url"] = self.return_url

        return data

    def sign_data(self, data):
        data.pop("sign", None)
        # 排序后的字符串
        unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
        unsigned_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
        sign = self.sign(unsigned_string.encode("utf-8"))
        # ordered_items = self.ordered_data(data)
        quoted_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, quote_plus(v)) for k, v in unsigned_items)

        # 获得最终的订单信息字符串
        signed_string = quoted_string + "&sign=" + quote_plus(sign)
        return signed_string

    def ordered_data(self, data):
        complex_keys = []
        for key, value in data.items():
            if isinstance(value, dict):
                complex_keys.append(key)

        # 将字典类型的数据dump出来
        for key in complex_keys:
            data[key] = json.dumps(data[key], separators=(',', ':'))

        return sorted([(k, v) for k, v in data.items()])

    def sign(self, unsigned_string):
        # 开始计算签名
        key = self.app_private_key
        signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
        signature = signer.sign(SHA256.new(unsigned_string))
        # base64 编码，转换为unicode表示并移除回车
        sign = encodebytes(signature).decode("utf8").replace("\n", "")
        return sign

    def _verify(self, raw_content, signature):
        # 开始计算签名
        key = self.alipay_public_key
        signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
        digest = SHA256.new()
        digest.update(raw_content.encode("utf8"))
        if signer.verify(digest, decodebytes(signature.encode("utf8"))):
            return True
        return False

    def verify(self, data, signature):
        if "sign_type" in data:
            sign_type = data.pop("sign_type")
        # 排序后的字符串
        unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
        message = "&".join(u"{}={}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
        return self._verify(message, signature)

支付宝接口

　　4.路由

from django.contrib import admin

from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^page1/', views.page1),
    url(r'^page2/', views.page2),
]

　　5.views

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from utils.pay import AliPay
import json
import time
def ali():
    # 沙箱环境地址：https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info
    app_id = ""
    # 支付宝收到用户的支付,会向商户发两个请求,一个get请求,一个post请求
    # POST请求，用于最后的检测
    notify_url = "http://42.56.89.12:80/page2/"
    # GET请求，用于页面的跳转展示
    return_url = "http://42.56.89.12:80/page2/"
    #应用私钥
    merchant_private_key_path = "keys/app_private_2048.txt"
    #支付宝公钥
    alipay_public_key_path = "keys/alipay_public_2048.txt"
    # 生成一个AliPay的对象
    alipay = AliPay(
        appid=app_id,
        app_notify_url=notify_url,
        return_url=return_url,
        app_private_key_path=merchant_private_key_path,
        alipay_public_key_path=alipay_public_key_path,  # 支付宝的公钥，验证支付宝回传消息使用，不是你自己的公钥
        debug=True,  # 默认False,
    )
    return alipay

def page1(request):
    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, 'page1.html')
    else:
        money = float(request.POST.get('money'))
        # 生成一个对象
        alipay = ali()
        # 生成支付的url
        # 对象调用direct_pay
        query_params = alipay.direct_pay(
            subject="充气娃娃",  # 商品简单描述
            out_trade_no="x2" + str(time.time()),  # 商户订单号
            total_amount=money,  # 交易金额(单位: 元 保留俩位小数)
        )

        pay_url = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do?{}".format(query_params)
        print(pay_url)
        # 朝这个地址发get请求
        return redirect(pay_url)

def page2(request):
    alipay = ali()
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 检测是否支付成功
        # 去请求体中获取所有返回的数据：状态/订单号
        from urllib.parse import parse_qs
        body_str = request.body.decode('utf-8')
        print(body_str)

        post_data = parse_qs(body_str)
        print('支付宝给我的数据:::---------',post_data)
        post_dict = {}
        for k, v in post_data.items():
            post_dict[k] = v[0]
        print('转完之后的字典',post_dict)

        sign = post_dict.pop('sign', None)
        status = alipay.verify(post_dict, sign)
        print('POST验证', status)
        return HttpResponse('POST返回')

    else:
        params = request.GET.dict()
        sign = params.pop('sign', None)
        status = alipay.verify(params, sign)
        print('GET验证', status)
        return HttpResponse('支付成功')

　　6.template

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
    <form method="POST">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <input type="text" name="money">
        <input type="submit" value="去支付" />
    </form>
<script></script>
</body>
</html>

二 微信服务号推送消息

　　大概

用什么推送
        -邮件
        -微信推送
        -短信推送
    微信推送
        -公众号(群聊)
            -认证的公众号:需要营业执照,需要交钱,可以发多篇文章
            -未认证的公众号:一天只能发一篇文章
        -服务号(微信推送)(私聊)
            -需要申请,需要认证
            -可以主动给单个用户推送消息
            -能给推送的人,必须关注我的服务号
            -沙箱环境:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login

-企业号 -企业里用的: -你们所见的二维码:其实就是一个url地址 -咱们在前端通过url(https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2.....)生成一个二维码 
-注意*****修改:网页授权获取用户基本信息

　　代码(详情)

　　1.目录

　　

　　2.路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/$', views.login),
    url(r'^index/$', views.index),
    url(r'^bind/$', views.bind),
    url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode),
    url(r'^callback/$', views.callback),
    url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg),
]

　　3.settings.py

# ############# 微信 ##############
WECHAT_CONFIG = {
    'app_id': 'wx3e1f0883236623f9',
    'appsecret': '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a',
    'redirect_uri': 'http://42.56.89.12/callback/',
}

　　4.models.py

import hashlib
from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True)
    password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64)
    uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True)
    wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID
        if not self.pk:
            m = hashlib.md5()
            m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
            self.uid = m.hexdigest()
        super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

　　5.views.py

import json
import functools
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
# 沙箱环境地质：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
def index(request):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
    return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})

def auth(func):
    def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
        user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
        if not user_info:
            return redirect('/login/')
        return func(request, *args, **kwargs)

    return inner

def login(request):
    """
    用户登录
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123)

    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get('user')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
        if obj:
            request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
            return redirect('/bind/')
    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')

@auth
def bind(request):
    """
    用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送）
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    return render(request, 'bind.html')

@auth
def bind_qcode(request):
    """
    生成二维码
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    ret = {'code': 1000}
    try:
        access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
        access_url = access_url.format(
            # 商户的appid
            appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd',
            # 回调地址
            redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"],
            # 当前登录用户的唯一id
            state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值
        )
        ret['data'] = access_url
    except Exception as e:
        ret['code'] = 1001
        ret['msg'] = str(e)

    return JsonResponse(ret)

def callback(request):
    """
    用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。
    用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    code = request.GET.get("code")

    # 用户md5值,用户唯一id
    state = request.GET.get("state")

    # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息)
    # request模块朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址发get请求
    res = requests.get(
        url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
        params={
            "appid": 'wx3e1f0883236623f9',
            "secret": '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a',
            "code": code,
            "grant_type": 'authorization_code',
        }
    ).json()
    # res.data   是json格式
    # res=json.loads(res.data)
    # res是一个字典
    # 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
    openid = res.get("openid")
    if openid:
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
        response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
    else:
        response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>"
    return HttpResponse(response)

def sendmsg(request):
    def get_access_token():
        """
        获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
        如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
        """
        result = requests.get(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
            params={
                "grant_type": "client_credential",
                "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
                "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
            }
        ).json()
        if result.get("access_token"):
            access_token = result.get('access_token')
        else:
            access_token = None
        return access_token

    access_token = get_access_token()

    openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id

    def send_custom_msg():
        body = {
            "touser": openid,
            "msgtype": "text",
            "text": {
                "content": 'lqz大帅哥'
            }
        }
        response = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
            # 放到路径?后面的东西
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            # 这是post请求body体中的内容
            data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
        )
        # 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
        result = response.json()
        return result

    def send_template_msg():
        """
        发送模版消息
        """
        res = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            json={
                "touser": openid,
                "template_id": 'IaSe9s0rukUfKy4ZCbP4p7Hqbgp1L4hG6_EGobO2gMg',
                "data": {
                    "first": {
                        "value": "lqz",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                    "keyword1": {
                        "value": "大帅哥",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                }
            }
        )
        result = res.json()
        return result

    result = send_custom_msg()

    if result.get('errcode') == 0:
        return HttpResponse('发送成功')
    return HttpResponse('发送失败')

视图

　　6.template.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/login/" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名">
        <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码">
        <input type="submit" value="登录">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

login.html

{% load staticfiles %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 600px;margin: 0 auto">
    <h1>请关注路飞学城服务号，并绑定个人用户（用于以后的消息提醒）</h1>
    <div>
        <h3>第一步：关注路飞学城微信服务号</h3>
        <img style="height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/luffy.jpeg" %}">
    </div>
    <input type="button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()">
    <div>
        <h3>第二步：绑定个人账户</h3>
        <div id="qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div>
    </div>
</div>
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script>
{#qrcode 可以生成二维码 #}
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script>
<script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script>
<script>
    function getBindUserQcode() {
        $.ajax({
            url: '/bind_qcode/',
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (result) {
                console.log(result);
                //result.data 取出来的是什么?是后台生成的一个地址
                //通过js生成一个二维码图片放到div中
                $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data});
            }
        });
    }
</script>

</body>
</html>

bind.html(重点)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
    <h1>{{ obj.username }} -> {{ obj.wx_id }}</h1>
</body>
</html>

index.html

　　沙箱测试流程(详情)

　　1.先去微信 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login申请服务号:拿到appid,appsecret,服务号二维码

　　2.为了给微信用户推送信息(我们的服务器数据库要存上用户的微信号,如上图):先要关注服务号,然后诱导用户向我们拼好的一个微信url连接发请求

 ret = {'code': 1000}
    try:
        access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
        access_url = access_url.format(
            # 商户的appid
            appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd',
            # 回调地址
            redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"],
            # 当前登录用户的唯一id
            state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值
        )
        ret['data'] = access_url
    except Exception as e:
        ret['code'] = 1001
        ret['msg'] = str(e)

拼好的链接(回调地址,我们服务器用户信息,appid,appsecret,)

<script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script>
{#qrcode 可以生成二维码 #}
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script>
<script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script>
<script>
    //按钮点击事件
    function getBindUserQcode() {
        $.ajax({
            url: '/bind_qcode/',
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (result) {
                console.log(result);
                //result.data 取出来的是什么?是后台生成的一个地址
                //通过js生成一个二维码图片放到div中
                $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data});
            }
        });
    }
</script>

url生成二维码,让用户扫

　　3.回调地址:微信根据回调地址再向我们服务器发请求,获得数据的同时我们服务器又向微信某个地址发送了一个request.get（爬虫请求）直接拿到了用户的微信号,更新到我们的数据库

#回调地址的路由url(r'^callback/$', views.callback)
def callback(request):
    """
    用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。
    用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    code = request.GET.get("code")

    # 用户md5值,用户唯一id
    state = request.GET.get("state")

    # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息)
    # request模块朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址发get请求
    res = requests.get(
        url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
        params={
            "appid": 'wx3e1f0883236623f9',
            "secret": '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a',
            "code": code,
            "grant_type": 'authorization_code',
        }
    ).json()
    # res.data   是json格式
    # res=json.loads(res.data)
    # res是一个字典
    # 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
    openid = res.get("openid")
    if openid:
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
        response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
    else:
        response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>"
    return HttpResponse(response)

　　4.最终:用户扫码后会得到回调地址的返回信息,例如 '授权成功'

　　5.我们定义了一个sendmsg(request)视图：1爬取当前用户的token，2服务器拿着token、用户微信号向微信发消息。这样用户就收到了服务号私发的信息

def sendmsg(request):
    def get_access_token():
        """
        获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
        如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
        """
        result = requests.get(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
            params={
                "grant_type": "client_credential",
                "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
                "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
            }
        ).json()
        if result.get("access_token"):
            access_token = result.get('access_token')
        else:
            access_token = None
        return access_token

    access_token = get_access_token()

    openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id

    def send_custom_msg():
        body = {
            "touser": openid,
            "msgtype": "text",
            "text": {
                "content": 'lqz大帅哥'
            }
        }
        response = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
            # 放到路径?后面的东西
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            # 这是post请求body体中的内容
            data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
        )
        # 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
        result = response.json()
        return result

    def send_template_msg():
        """
        发送模版消息
        """
        res = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            json={
                "touser": openid,
                "template_id": 'IaSe9s0rukUfKy4ZCbP4p7Hqbgp1L4hG6_EGobO2gMg',
                "data": {
                    "first": {
                        "value": "lqz",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                    "keyword1": {
                        "value": "大帅哥",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                }
            }
        )
        result = res.json()
        return result

    result = send_custom_msg()

    if result.get('errcode') == 0:
        return HttpResponse('发送成功')
    return HttpResponse('发送失败')

服务号向粉丝发消息