C#汉字转汉语拼音

一、使用PinYinConverterCore获取汉语拼音

最新在做一个搜索组件，需要使用汉语拼音的首字母查询出符合条件的物品名称，由于汉字存在多音字，所以自己写查询组件不太现实，因此，我们使用微软提供的PinYinConverterCore来实现汉字转拼音。使用Nuget搜索PinYinConverterCore下载并安装，具体如下：

二、编写工具扩展类实现获取汉字的拼音

由于汉字存在多音字，因此，通过汉字获取到的拼音是一个数组，具体如下：

  /// <summary>
    /// 汉字转换拼音
    /// </summary>
    public static class PingYinUtil
    {
        private static Dictionary<int, List<string>> GetTotalPingYinDictionary(string text)
        {
            var chs = text.ToCharArray();

            //记录每个汉字的全拼
            Dictionary<int, List<string>> totalPingYinList = new Dictionary<int, List<string>>();

            for (int i = 0; i < chs.Length; i++)
            {
                var pinyinList = new List<string>();

                //是否是有效的汉字
                if (ChineseChar.IsValidChar(chs[i]))
                {
                    ChineseChar cc = new ChineseChar(chs[i]);
                    pinyinList = cc.Pinyins.Where(p => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(p)).ToList();
                }
                else
                {
                    pinyinList.Add(chs[i].ToString());
                }

                //去除声调，转小写
                pinyinList = pinyinList.ConvertAll(p => Regex.Replace(p, @"\d", "").ToLower());

                //去重
                pinyinList = pinyinList.Where(p => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(p)).Distinct().ToList();
                if (pinyinList.Any())
                {
                    totalPingYinList[i] = pinyinList;
                }
            }

            return totalPingYinList;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取汉语拼音全拼
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="text">The string.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<string> GetTotalPingYin(this string text)
        {
            var result = new List<string>();
            foreach (var pys in GetTotalPingYinDictionary(text))
            {
                var items = pys.Value;
                if (result.Count <= 0)
                {
                    result = items;
                }
                else
                {
                    //全拼循环匹配
                    var newTotalPingYinList = new List<string>();
                    foreach (var totalPingYin in result)
                    {
                        newTotalPingYinList.AddRange(items.Select(item => totalPingYin + item));
                    }
                    newTotalPingYinList = newTotalPingYinList.Distinct().ToList();
                    result = newTotalPingYinList;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取汉语拼音首字母
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="text"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<string> GetFirstPingYin(this string text)
        {
            var result = new List<string>();
            foreach (var pys in GetTotalPingYinDictionary(text))
            {
                var items = pys.Value;
                if (result.Count <= 0)
                {
                    result = items.ConvertAll(p => p.Substring(0, 1)).Distinct().ToList();
                }
                else
                {
                    //首字母循环匹配
                    var newFirstPingYinList = new List<string>();
                    foreach (var firstPingYin in result)
                    {
                        newFirstPingYinList.AddRange(items.Select(item => firstPingYin + item.Substring(0, 1)));
                    }
                    newFirstPingYinList = newFirstPingYinList.Distinct().ToList();
                    result = newFirstPingYinList;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

三、编写测试用例

我们编写一个测试用例，通过输入的汉字获取到汉语拼音的全拼和首字母缩写，具体如下：

               // 汉字输入
                string text = TextBoxInput.Text;

                // 获取到汉语拼音的全拼
                TextBoxTotal.Text = string.Join(",", text.GetTotalPingYin());

                // 获取到汉语拼音的首字母
                TextBoxFirst.Text = string.Join(",", text.GetFirstPingYin());

我们编写录入一组用户名，然后根据输入输入的用户名的缩写，筛选出符合条件的人，我们可以使用Linq模糊查询，具体如下：

 public class Student
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public List<string> Pinyin { get; set; }
    }

  StudentList = new List<Student>
            {
                new Student() {Name = "张三"},
                new Student() {Name = "章黎"},
                new Student() {Name = "张三丰"},
                new Student() {Name = "李四"},
                new Student() {Name = "王五"},
                new Student() {Name = "John"},
                new Student() {Name = "W.吴"},
                new Student() {Name = "阿姨"},
                new Student() {Name = "阿胶"},
                new Student() {Name = "麦合苏提.麦合苏提"}
            };

 var text = TextBoxSearch.Text;
            foreach (var student in StudentList)
            {
                student.Pinyin = student.Name.GetFirstPingYin();
            }

            StudentList = StudentList.Where(s => s.Pinyin.Exists(p=>p.Contains(text))).ToList();