Given a binary tree, find the maximum path sum.

The path may start and end at any node in the tree.

For example:
Given the below binary tree,

       1
/ \
2 3

Return 6.

算法:(有点动态规划的思想)首先明确要自底向上进行计算,只考虑当前节点root,我们从子节点向上返回的是一条线路目前的最大值,该线路最高层(最上面)的节点是该子节点,并且该子节点不能同时有左右分支(即在线路上不能同时有左右分支,如果有分支,root返回到上一节点后,不能形成一个链,会在root出现分叉),然后我们比较root->val,

root->val+leftMax(从左子树返回的值),root->val+rightMax(从右子树返回的值),其中最大的就是root节点应该向上返回的值,我们在计算root节点的返回值时,可以顺便计算以root为最高层节点的链的线路最大值(可以有分叉),只要比较,root->val,  leftMax+root->val,  root->val+rightMax,   leftMax+rightMax+root->val,其中最大的就是以root为最高层次节点的线路的最大值,然后用这个最大值,和最初保存的最大值result(初始化为INT_MIN)做比较,如果大于result,更新result,最终result就是结果,代码如下,时间复杂度O(n),只需要遍历一边二叉树(后序遍历):

 /**
* Definition for binary tree
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
int result;
int maxPathSum(TreeNode *root) {
result=INT_MIN;
getMax(root);
return result;
}
int getMax(TreeNode* root)
{
if(root==NULL) return ;
int leftMax=getMax(root->left);
int rightMax=getMax(root->right);
int tmax=max(max(leftMax+root->val,max(rightMax+root->val,root->val)),leftMax+rightMax+root->val);
if(tmax>result) result=tmax;
int rootmax=max(root->val,max(root->val+leftMax,root->val+rightMax));
return rootmax;
}
};

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