题目:

Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes' values.

For example:
Given binary tree {1,#,2,3},

   1
\
2
/
3

return [3,2,1].

Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

题解:

递归方法代码:

 1     public void helper(TreeNode root, ArrayList<Integer> re){
 2         if(root==null)
 3             return;
 4         
 5         helper(root.left,re);
 6         helper(root.right,re);
 7         re.add(root.val);
 8     }
 9     public ArrayList<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
         ArrayList<Integer> re = new ArrayList<Integer>();
         if(root==null)
             return re;
         helper(root,re);
         return re;
     }

非递归方法代码:

引用自Code ganker:http://blog.csdn.net/linhuanmars/article/details/22009351

“接下来是迭代的做法,本质就是用一个栈来模拟递归的过程,但是相比于Binary
Tree Inorder Traversal
Binary
Tree Preorder Traversal
,后序遍历的情况就复杂多了。我们需要维护当前遍历的cur指针和前一个遍历的pre指针来追溯当前的情况(注意这里是遍历的指针,并不是真正按后序访问顺序的结点)。具体分为几种情况:
(1)如果pre的左孩子或者右孩子是cur,那么说明遍历在往下走,按访问顺序继续,即如果有左孩子,则是左孩子进栈,否则如果有右孩子,则是右孩子进栈,如果左右孩子都没有,则说明该结点是叶子,可以直接访问并把结点出栈了。
(2)如果反过来,cur的左孩子是pre,则说明已经在回溯往上走了,但是我们知道后序遍历要左右孩子走完才可以访问自己,所以这里如果有右孩子还需要把右孩子进栈,否则说明已经到自己了,可以访问并且出栈了。
(3)如果cur的右孩子是pre,那么说明左右孩子都访问结束了,可以轮到自己了,访问并且出栈即可。
算法时间复杂度也是O(n),空间复杂度是栈的大小O(logn)。实现的代码如下(代码引用自:http://www.programcreek.com/2012/12/leetcode-solution-of-iterative-binary-tree-postorder-traversal-in-java/):”

 1     public ArrayList<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
 2  
 3         ArrayList<Integer> lst = new ArrayList<Integer>();
 4  
 5         if(root == null)
 6             return lst; 
 7  
 8         Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
 9         stack.push(root);
  
         TreeNode prev = null;
         while(!stack.empty()){
             TreeNode curr = stack.peek();
  
             // go down the tree.
             //check if current node is leaf, if so, process it and pop stack,
             //otherwise, keep going down
             if(prev == null || prev.left == curr || prev.right == curr){
                 //prev == null is the situation for the root node
                 if(curr.left != null){
                     stack.push(curr.left);
                 }else if(curr.right != null){
                     stack.push(curr.right);
                 }else{
                     stack.pop();
                     lst.add(curr.val);
                 }
  
             //go up the tree from left node    
             //need to check if there is a right child
             //if yes, push it to stack
             //otherwise, process parent and pop stack
             }else if(curr.left == prev){
                 if(curr.right != null){
                     stack.push(curr.right);
                 }else{
                     stack.pop();
                     lst.add(curr.val);
                 }
  
             //go up the tree from right node 
             //after coming back from right node, process parent node and pop stack. 
             }else if(curr.right == prev){
                 stack.pop();
                 lst.add(curr.val);
             }
  
             prev = curr;
         }
  
         return lst;
     }

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