AFNetworking二次封装的那些事

AFNetworking可是iOS网络开发的神器,大大简便了操作.不过网络可是重中之重,不能只会用AFNetworking.我觉得网络开发首先要懂基本的理论,例如tcp/ip,http协议,之后要了解web的请求和响应,会使用苹果自带的NSURLSession,最后是把AFNetworking的源码啃掉.

前言

一直以来网络开发用的都是前面同事基于AFNetworking二次封装好的框架,一直都没什么问题,也就没往深处去了解.然后公司开始新项目了,iOS端由我负责,这可是我的第一次啊,从零开始,构建整个项目.这是个挑战,内心还是有点小激动的.

轮子肯定是不用重复造的,网络框架就拿的老项目的,结果出现了两个问题.

• 上传多张图片,服务端解析不了
• 无文件上传, Content-Type还是multipart/form-data

为了解决这个问题,从就没用过的NSURLSession到http协议,追本溯源,终于解决了.

http协议

关于http协议的理论就不多讲了,主要就讲使用POST方法传递数据时,发送的请求头和请求体.

Content-Type

我们提交的数据是什么编码方式服务端是不知道的,其实我们完全可以自定义格式,只要服务端取到数据后能解析就可以了.

一般服务端语言如 php、python 等，以及它们的 framework，都内置了自动解析常见数据格式的功能。所以我们一般都用那几种常见的数据格式,数据格式就是请求头里的Content-Type,服务端根据Content-Type来解析请求体里的数据.

一般有四种最常见的方式:

• application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  
  这是默认的方式,以key1=val1&key2=val2的方式进行编码.
  
  country=0&pro=1023&city=102301
• multipart/form-data
  
  这个首先生成了一个 boundary 用于分割不同的字段，为了避免与正文内容重复， boundary 很长很复杂,一般有文件上传的时候用这种方法

  --Boundary+A675D0398A56493A
  Content-Disposition: form-data; name="photoFiles";    filename="photoFiles.jpeg"
  Content-Type: image/jpeg

• application/json
  
  这个非常常见了,感觉它适合格式支持比键值对复杂得多的结构化数据.
  
  {"country":0,"pro":1023,"city":102301}
• text/xml
  
  它是一种使用 HTTP 作为传输协议，XML 作为编码方式的远程调用规范.
  
  移动端一般不会用它,太臃肿了,加的标签完全是浪费.

所以传文件用multipart/form-data.

application/json和application/x-www-form-urlencoded差不多,但是application/json数据更加直观,更适合结构更加复杂的数据.

我特地抓包了网易新闻等app,没有文件的情况下是application/json

NSMutableURLRequest设置

既然知道了请求头,请求体.那么给服务器端发送的请求按照上面的格式设置即可.

    //上传一张图片为例
    NSMutableURLRequest *request= [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData timeoutInterval:5.0f];
    request.HTTPMethod=@"POST";

    //数据体设置
    NSMutableData *dataM=[NSMutableData data];
    NSString *strTop=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file1\"; filename=\"%@\"\nContent-Type: %@\n\n",kBOUNDARY_STRING,fileName,@"image/jpg"];
    NSString *strBottom=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"\n--%@--",kBOUNDARY_STRING];
    NSString *filePath=[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:fileName ofType:nil];
    NSData *fileData=[NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    [dataM appendData:[strTop dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    [dataM appendData:fileData];
    [dataM appendData:[strBottom dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];

    //通过请求头设置
    [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu",(unsigned long)dataM.length] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
    [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@",kBOUNDARY_STRING] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];

    //设置数据体
    request.HTTPBody=dataM;

AFNetworking

AFNetworking就是基于NSMutableURLRequest,NSURLSession的封装,非常好用.

以POST为例,它有两个方法:

- (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString
                             parameters:(nullable id)parameters
                               progress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress))uploadProgress
                                success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success
                                failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure;

- (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString
                             parameters:(nullable id)parameters
              constructingBodyWithBlock:(nullable void (^)(id <AFMultipartFormData> formData))block
                               progress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress))uploadProgress
                                success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success
                                failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure;

区别就在于constructingBodyWithBlock,这也是我遇到的两个问题的根源.

往下看,会发现,第一个方法:

[mutableRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];

而第二个方法:

//先执行我们传进去的block
if (block) {
    block(formData);
}
return [formData requestByFinalizingMultipartFormData];

//如果参数为空,则content-type为默认的,不为空则为multipart/form-data
- (NSMutableURLRequest *)requestByFinalizingMultipartFormData {
    if ([self.bodyStream isEmpty]) {
        return self.request;
    }

    // Reset the initial and final boundaries to ensure correct Content-Length
    [self.bodyStream setInitialAndFinalBoundaries];
    [self.request setHTTPBodyStream:self.bodyStream];

    [self.request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@", self.boundary] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
    [self.request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", [self.bodyStream contentLength]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];

    return self.request;
}

这样我的问题就迎刃而解了.

前同事为了统一处理,所有的请求都是经第二个函数,所以即使不是传文件,如果有参数, Content-Type还是multipart/form-data.

而block是统一处理的:

    if ([obj isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) {
                UIImage *image = obj;
                if (image.size.height > 1080 || image.size.width > 1080) {

                    image = [image imageWithMaxSide:1080];

                    [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 0.3f) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                } else if (image.size.height > 600 || image.size.width > 600)  {
                    [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 0.5f) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                } else {
                    [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                }
            }

只处理了传一张照片,没有考虑到传数组里面放多张图片的情况,所以服务器不知道这是图片啊,怎么解析呢!

上一个项目也没有传多张图片的情况,所以一直没有发现这个问题.

最后的解决方法是:

.h  (继承AFHTTPSessionManager)
//这个函数调用AF的第一个方法,不传文件时调用
+ (void)requestDataWithHTTPPath:(NSString *)path
                     parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
                        success:(RequestSuccessBlock)success
                        failure:(RequestFailureBlock)failure;

//这个函数调用AF的第二个方法,传文件时用
+ (void)uploadFileWithHTTPPath:(NSString *)path
                     parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
                        success:(RequestSuccessBlock)success
                        failure:(RequestFailureBlock)failure;  

.m
+ (void)requestDataWithHTTPPath:(NSString *)path
                     parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
                        success:(RequestSuccessBlock)success
                        failure:(RequestFailureBlock)failure {
    [KGAPIClient sharedRequestDataClient].isUploadFile = NO;
    [[KGAPIClient sharedRequestDataClient] requestDataWithHTTPPath:path parameters:parameters success:success failure:failure];
}

+ (void)uploadFileWithHTTPPath:(NSString *)path
                    parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
                       success:(RequestSuccessBlock)success
                       failure:(RequestFailureBlock)failure {
    [KGAPIClient sharedRequestDataClient].isUploadFile = YES;
    [[KGAPIClient sharedRequestDataClient] requestDataWithHTTPPath:path parameters:parameters success:success failure:failure];
}

//统一处理一些错误
#pragma mark - Request Method
- (void)requestDataWithHTTPPath:(NSString *)path
                     parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
                        success:(RequestSuccessBlock)success
                        failure:(RequestFailureBlock)failure {
    [self requestWithHTTPPath:path parameters:parameters success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {
        NSString *status = [responseObject valueForKey:kHTTPResponseStatsusKey];
        if (status.length) {
            if ([status isEqualToString:kHTTPSuccessCode0000]) {
                if (success) {
                    success(task, responseObject);
                }
            } else if ([status isEqualToString:kHTTPErrorCode0001]) {
                if (failure) {
                    [SVProgressHUD showErrorWithStatus:[responseObject valueForKey:kHTTPResponseMessageKey]];
                    failure(task, [self requestErrorWithDomin:[responseObject valueForKey:kHTTPResponseMessageKey] errorCode:nil]);
                }
            }//.......还有别的一些状态码
        } else {
            if (failure) {
                NSString *message = [responseObject valueForKey:kHTTPResponseMessageKey];
                failure(task, [NSError errorWithDomain:message code:[status integerValue] userInfo:responseObject]);
            }
        }
    } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {
        if (failure) {
            NSError *aError = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"网络不给力" code:error.code userInfo:error.userInfo];
            failure(task, aError);
        }
    }];
}

//区分两种POST方式
- (void)requestWithHTTPPath:(NSString *)path
                 parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
                    success:(RequestSuccessBlock)success
                    failure:(RequestFailureBlock)failure {
    NSDictionary *tmpDict = [KGAPIClient getNewParamsWithOldParams:parameters.mutableCopy];

    if (_isUploadFile) {
        [self POST:path parameters:tmpDict constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData>  _Nonnull formData) {
            [self appendPartWithparameters:parameters formData:formData];
        } progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
            NSLog(@"******progress***");
        } success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id  _Nullable responseObject) {
            if (success) {
                success(task, responseObject);
            }
        } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
            if (failure) {
                failure(task, error);
            }
        }];
    }
    else {
        [self POST:path parameters:tmpDict progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
            NSLog(@"******progress***");
        } success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id  _Nullable responseObject) {
            if (success) {
                success(task, responseObject);
            }
        } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
            if (failure && ![path isEqualToString:APIPathWithUserReportGeo] && ![path isEqualToString:APIPathWithUserNickExsits]) {
                failure(task, error);
            }
        }];
    }
}  

//用于设置data的type,还不全,暂时考虑image,image数组,.mp3文件.
- (void)appendPartWithparameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters formData:(id<AFMultipartFormData>  _Nonnull)formData {
    if (parameters) {
        [parameters enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull key, id  _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
            if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSString class]] &&
                ([obj hasSuffix:@".png"] ||
                 [obj hasSuffix:@".jpg"] ||
                 [obj hasSuffix:@".jpeg"])) {
                    [formData appendPartWithFileURL:obj name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg" error:nil];
                }
            else if ([obj isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) {
                UIImage *image = obj;
                if (image.size.height > 1080 || image.size.width > 1080) {

                    image = [image imageWithMaxSide:1080];

                    [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 0.3f) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                } else if (image.size.height > 600 || image.size.width > 600)  {
                    [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 0.5f) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                } else {
                    [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                }
            }
            else if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
                NSArray *array = parameters[key];
                for (int i = 0; i < array.count; i++) {
                    id subvalue = array[i];
                    if ([subvalue isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) {
                        UIImage *image = subvalue;
                        if (image.size.height > 1080 || image.size.width > 1080) {

                            image = [image imageWithMaxSide:1080];

                            [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 0.3f) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                        } else if (image.size.height > 600 || image.size.width > 600)  {
                            [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 0.5f) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                        } else {
                            [formData appendPartWithFileData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1) name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpeg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
                        }
                    }
                    else if ([subvalue isKindOfClass:[NSString class]] &&
                             ([subvalue hasSuffix:@".png"] ||
                              [subvalue hasSuffix:@".jpg"] ||
                              [subvalue hasSuffix:@".jpeg"])) {
                                 [formData appendPartWithFileURL:obj name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpg",key] mimeType:@"image/jpeg" error:nil];
                             }
                }
            }
            else if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
                [formData appendPartWithFileData:obj name:key fileName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.mp3",key] mimeType:@"audio/mp3"];
            }
        }];
    }
}

对于AF的二次封装很多,不过追本溯源就是NSURLSession,就是http协议.

结尾

这次独立带项目,真的学到了很多,明白了自己的很多不足.更让我明白理论真的很重要.大学的课程真的有他的必要性.