python-tkinter学习实例

在好友的邀请下，尝试用tkinter做一个卡牌的普通界面显示，正好练习下python的写法。
  花了两天学习，写了两天代码，做了个最基本的demo。显示如下：

其中需要引入的第三方库主要有，PIL、PILLOW，其它的都是直接引入即可。

1.1、这里贴下下载地址，以WINDOWS系统为例：

PILwin32：http://files.cnblogs.com/files/pcat/PILwin32.zip

PILwin64：http://files.cnblogs.com/files/pcat/PILwin64.zip

1.2、windows安装Pillow

pip install Pillow
或者在http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pillow 下载wheel文件使用pip安装

程序中用到的图片主要有：

需要图片资源的小伙伴可以自行上git上下载：

https://github.com/ishikota/PyPokerGUI

pypokergui--server--static

贴上程序的源码，仅供参考：

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from Tkinter import *
 from PIL import Image,ImageTk

 import Image,math,random,time,sched
 import threading as thd
 class card2:
     #定义全局变量
     #总牌数
     num_list = ['', '', '', '', '', '', '','T', 'J','Q','K', 'A','']
     # 全局变量纪录玩家当前要打出的牌数字
     #当前牌面字符串
     str_num = '';
     #当前牌面字符串在num_list中的位置
     index_num = -1;
     # 中间桌面上牌的大小
     mid_num = -2;
     #判断是否会生成重复的牌
     check_list = [];
     #记录当前回合数
     round_num = 1;
     #当前玩家手中牌位置
     cur_position = 0;
     #定义玩家当前手中牌的集合
     player_card_list = [];
     player1_card_list = [];
     player2_card_list = [];
     player3_card_list = [];
     player4_card_list = [];

     #变量判断玩家身份,默认为玩家
     cur_identify = 1;

     def __init__(self):
         self.tk = Tk()
         #tk.geometry('1200x1600')
         self.tk.title('A Easy Card Game')

         self.img = Image.open('images/poker_pot.png')
         self.w_box = 120
         self.h_box = 120
         self.w, self.h = self.img.size
         # w,h = img2.size
         # 缩放图像让它保持比例，同时限制在一个矩形框范围内
         self.img_resized = self.resize(self.w, self.h, self.w_box, self.h_box, self.img)
         self.photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.img_resized)
         # frm_TL = Frame(bg = 'WHITE',width = 300, height = 200)
         self.frm_T = Frame(bg='white', width=300, height=200)
         self.frm_L = Frame(bg='white', width=300, height=400)
         self.frm_M = Frame(bg='white', width=200, height=400)
         self.frm_R = Frame(bg='white', width=300, height=400)
         self.frm_B = Frame(bg='white', width=400, height=200)
         # frm_TL.grid(row=0,column=0)
         self.frm_T.grid(row=0, column=1)
         self.frm_L.grid(row=1, column=0)
         self.frm_M.grid(row=1, column=1)
         self.frm_R.grid(row=1, column=2)
         self.frm_B.grid(row=2, column=1)
         # Top
         Label(self.frm_T, text="Player3", font=('Arial', 16)).grid(column=1, sticky=N)
         Button(self.frm_T, text="重新发牌", command=self.replay, width=8, height=1,
                font=('Arial', 16)).grid(row=0, column=3)
         self.frm_T_label_L = Label(self.frm_T, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_T_label_L.image = self.photo
         self.frm_T_label_L.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
         # frm_T_label_L.grid(row=1,column=1,columnspan=2,rowspan=2,sticky=W+E+N+S,padx=5,pady=5)
         self.frm_T_label_M = Label(self.frm_T, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_T_label_M.image = self.photo
         self.frm_T_label_M.grid(row=1, column=1,padx=10, sticky=E)
         self.frm_T_label_R = Label(self.frm_T, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_T_label_R.image = self.photo
         self.frm_T_label_R.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=E)

         # Left
         Label(self.frm_L, text="Player4", font=('Arial', 16)).grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=N)
         self.frm_L_label_T = Label(self.frm_L, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_L_label_T.image = self.photo
         self.frm_L_label_T.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=E)
         self.frm_L_label_T = Label(self.frm_L, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_L_label_T.image = self.photo
         self.frm_L_label_T.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
         self.frm_L_label_T = Label(self.frm_L, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_L_label_T.image = self.photo
         self.frm_L_label_T.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=E)

         # Middle
         self.frm_M_label_T = Label(self.frm_M, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_M_label_T.image = self.photo
         self.frm_M_label_T.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
         self.frm_M_text = Text(self.frm_M, width=30, height=6, bg='Green', font=('Verdana', 15))

         #self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', 'this is '+str(self.round_num)+' round\n')
         #self.frm_M_text.insert(END, 'last round')
         self.frm_M_text.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2)

         # Right  frm_R
         self.frm_R_label_T = Label(self.frm_R, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_R_label_T.image = self.photo
         self.frm_R_label_T.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E)
         self.frm_R_label_T = Label(self.frm_R, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_R_label_T.image = self.photo
         self.frm_R_label_T.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
         self.frm_R_label_T = Label(self.frm_R, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_R_label_T.image = self.photo
         self.frm_R_label_T.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=E)
         Label(self.frm_R, text="Player2", font=('Arial', 16)).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=N)

         # 初始化玩家手中牌
         self.load_sys()

         self.main_start()

         self.frm_B_label_T_4 = Label(self.frm_B, image=self.photo)
         self.frm_B_label_T_4.image = self.photo
         self.frm_B_label_T_4.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=E)
         Label(self.frm_B, text="Player1", font=('Arial', 16)).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=N)
         Button(self.frm_B, text="出牌", command=self.discard, width=6, height=1,
                font=('Arial', 16)).grid(row=1, column=3)
         Button(self.frm_B, text="PASS", command=self.player_pass, width=6, height=1,
                font=('Arial', 16)).grid(row=1, column=4)

     def resize(self,w, h, w_box, h_box, pil_image):
         '''''
         resize a pil_image object so it will fit into
         a box of size w_box times h_box, but retain aspect ratio
         对一个pil_image对象进行缩放，让它在一个矩形框内，还能保持比例
         '''

         f1 = 1.0 * w_box / w  # 1.0 forces float division in Python2
         f2 = 1.0 * h_box / h
         factor = min([f1, f2])
         # print(f1, f2, factor) # test
         # use best down-sizing filter
         width = int(w * factor)
         height = int(h * factor)
         return pil_image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS)
     def replay(self):
         self.load_sys()

     #初始化玩家手中牌
     def load_sys(self):
         # 初始化当前玩家手中牌集合,先重置
         self.player1_card_list = []
         self.player2_card_list = []
         self.check_list = []
         self.cur_identify = 1
         for i in range(3):
             num = random.randint(0,12)
             #判断是否生成重复的牌，去重
             while self.check_list.__contains__(num):
                 num = random.randint(0, 12)
             cur_str = self.num_list[num]
             photo_current = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.resize(self.w, self.h, self.w_box, self.h_box, Image.open('images/card_C' + str(cur_str) + '.png')))
             frm_B_label_T_1 = Label(self.frm_B, image=photo_current)
             frm_B_label_T_1.image = photo_current
             frm_B_label_T_1.grid(row=0, column=i,sticky=E)
             frm_B_label_T_1.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.handlerAdaptor(self.choose, cur_str,i))
             self.check_list.append(num)
             self.player1_card_list.append(cur_str)
             #生成玩家2手中的牌
             num2 = random.randint(0, 12)
             # 判断是否生成重复的牌，去重
             while self.check_list.__contains__(num2):
                 num2 = random.randint(0, 12)
             cur_str2 = self.num_list[num2]
             self.check_list.append(num2)
             self.player2_card_list.append(cur_str2)

         print(self.player1_card_list)
         print(self.player2_card_list)
         #记录当前轮数并递增
         self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', 'this is ' + str(self.round_num) + ' round\n')
         self.round_num+=1

         # 清空桌面上的牌
         frm_M_label_T = Label(self.frm_M, image=self.photo)
         frm_M_label_T.image = self.photo
         frm_M_label_T.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
         # 重置玩家手中当前牌
         frm_B_label_T_4 = Label(self.frm_B, image=self.photo)
         frm_B_label_T_4.image = self.photo
         frm_B_label_T_4.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=E)
         #重置桌面上牌的大小
         self.mid_num = -2
     # Bottom
     def choose(self,event,a,position):
         self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0','Now Your Card Is C'+str(a)+'\n')
         photo_cur = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.resize(self.w, self.h, self.w_box, self.h_box, Image.open('images/card_C' + str(a) + '.png')))
         frm_B_label_T_4 = Label(self.frm_B, image=photo_cur)
         frm_B_label_T_4.image = photo_cur
         frm_B_label_T_4.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=E)
         self.str_num = a
         self.cur_position = position
     def handlerAdaptor(self,fun, *kwds):
         '''''事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，此处接收2个参数,那个event是从那里来的呢，我也纳闷，这也许就是python的伟大之处吧'''
         return lambda event,fun=fun,kwds=kwds: fun(event, *kwds)
     def discard(self):
         if self.cur_identify == 1:
             if self.str_num != '':
                 self.index_num = self.num_list.index(self.str_num)
             if self.index_num == -1:
                 self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0','请选择一张牌\n')
                 #return '请选择一张牌'
             #判断要打出的牌与桌面上的牌大小
             elif self.index_num <= self.mid_num:
                 self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', '请选择一张大牌\n')
                # return '请选择一张大牌'
             else:
                 photo_mid = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.resize(self.w, self.h, self.w_box, self.h_box, Image.open('images/card_C' + str(self.str_num) + '.png')))
                 frm_M_label_T = Label(self.frm_M, image=photo_mid)
                 frm_M_label_T.image = photo_mid
                 frm_M_label_T.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
                 #清空玩家手中当前牌
                 frm_B_label_T_4 = Label(self.frm_B, image=self.photo)
                 frm_B_label_T_4.image = self.photo
                 frm_B_label_T_4.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=E)
                 #frm_B_label_T_4.grid_forget()
                 #给当前桌面牌赋值
                 self.mid_num = self.index_num
                 #重置玩家手中牌
                 frm_B_label_T_X = Label(self.frm_B, image=self.photo)
                 frm_B_label_T_X.image = self.photo
                 frm_B_label_T_X.grid(row=0, column=self.cur_position, sticky=E)
                 self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', 'Player1 Play The Card!'+ str(self.str_num) +'\n')
                 self.player1_card_list.remove(self.str_num)
                 if self.player1_card_list.__len__() == 0:
                     self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', 'Congratulations! Player1 Win The Game!\n')
                     return
                 #当玩家打出牌后，切换到电脑2,调用电脑出牌方法
                 self.cur_identify +=1
                 self.discard_pc(self.cur_identify)
         else:
             self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', '请等待其它玩家出牌\n')

     #没有可出的牌，切换到下一个对手
     def player_pass(self):
         # 重置中间牌的大小
         self.mid_num = -2
         #切换玩家
         self.cur_identify += 1
         self.discard_pc(self.cur_identify)

     # def player_pc(self,iden):
     #     if iden == 2:
     #         self.player_card_list = self.player2_card_list
     #
     #     if iden ==3:
     #         self.cur_identify = 1

     def discard_pc(self,iden):
         card_list_pc = []
         if iden == 2:
             for i in range(self.player2_card_list.__len__()):
                 #将当前牌转化成索引号进行比较大小
                 self.index_pc_num = self.num_list.index(self.player2_card_list[i])

                 if self.index_pc_num > self.mid_num:
                     card_list_pc.append(self.player2_card_list[i])
             card_list_pc.sort()
             if len(card_list_pc) > 0:
                 self.index_pc_num_temp = self.num_list.index(card_list_pc[0])
                 self.mid_num = self.index_pc_num_temp
                 photo_mid = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.resize(self.w, self.h, self.w_box, self.h_box,
                                                            Image.open('images/card_C' + str(card_list_pc[0]) + '.png')))
                 frm_M_label_T = Label(self.frm_M, image=photo_mid)
                 frm_M_label_T.image = photo_mid
                 frm_M_label_T.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E)
                 self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', 'Player2 Play The Card!' + str(card_list_pc[0]) + '\n')
                 self.player2_card_list.remove(card_list_pc[0])

                 if self.player2_card_list.__len__() == 0:
                     self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', 'Congratulations! Player2 Win The Game!\n')
                     return
                 # 当玩家打出牌后，切换到电脑2,调用电脑出牌方法
                 self.cur_identify += 1
                 if self.cur_identify == 3:
                     self.cur_identify = 1
             elif len(card_list_pc) == 0:
                 self.frm_M_text.insert('1.0', '没有大过玩家的牌，请玩家出牌\n')
                 #重置中间牌的大小
                 self.mid_num = -2
                 self.cur_identify = 1

     # # 实例化一个sched对象
     # schedule = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
     def show_time(self):
         cur_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X',time.localtime())
         top_time_label = Label(self.frm_T, text=cur_time, font=('Arial', 16))
         top_time_label.grid(column=2, sticky=N)
         while True:
             cur_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X', time.localtime())
             top_time_label.configure(text=cur_time)
             time.sleep(1)
     def main_start(self):
         thd.Timer(0, self.show_time).start()
 def main():
     d = card2()
     mainloop()

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     main()

注意：调整图片大小需要用到resize()方法，PNG图片需要用到ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.img_resized)转化方可显示。

增加了定时任务显示当前时间，每秒切换一次，注意不要占用主线程。

提出几个方向以待大神们能完善：

2.1、程序中只启用了player2与玩家互动，可以尝试启用4个。

2.2、只选择了一组牌进行显示，可以尝试加入4组牌，用file文件引入数据。

2.3、不同花色的相同数字比较可以用3.1、3.2、3.3、3.4浮点数比较大小。

2.4、图片显示可以增加更多，遗留的问题是图片重叠显示，感觉用tkinter的grid方式无法实现，可能自己水平有限。