树莓3B+_挂载硬盘

前面参考：  http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi/p/4051238.html

• 插上硬盘，查看状态

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram1: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram2: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram3: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram4: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram5: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram6: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram7: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram8: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram9: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram10: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram11: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram12: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram13: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram14: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/ram15: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.7 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa0068976

Device         Boot Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1       8192    98045    89854 43.9M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2      98304 62333951 62235648 29.7G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xff2d845c

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1        2048 976766975 976764928 465.8G 83 Linux

　　

• 使用df 命令查看自动挂载的硬盘

df命令的功能是用来检查linux服务器的文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况。可以利用该命令来获取硬盘被占用了多少空间，目前还剩下多少空间等信息。

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# df -h
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root        30G  4.8G   24G   18% /
devtmpfs        434M     0  434M    0% /dev
tmpfs           438M     0  438M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           438M   12M  427M    3% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           438M     0  438M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1   44M   23M   22M   51% /boot
tmpfs            88M     0   88M    0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1       437G  8.0K  414G    1% /media/pi/nas465

最后一行/dev/sda1说明硬盘已经挂载。

为下一步安装samba，将共享文件夹设为/samba。

于是新建文件夹：

mkdir /samba

设置访问权限：

chmod 777 /samba

将硬盘挂载到/samba文件夹：

umount /dev/sda1   #取消自动的挂载

mount /dev/sda1 /samba  #将硬盘挂载到/samba文件夹

• 使用df 命令再次查看挂载的硬盘

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# df -h
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root        30G  4.8G   24G   18% /
devtmpfs        434M     0  434M    0% /dev
tmpfs           438M     0  438M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           438M   12M  427M    3% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           438M     0  438M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1   44M   23M   22M   51% /boot
tmpfs            88M     0   88M    0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1       437G  8.0K  414G    1% /samba

• 解决硬盘的自动挂载

每次树莓派重启或者硬盘插拔都需要对硬盘进行重新挂载，比较麻烦，因此需要自动挂载。这里要修改/etc/fstab文件。　

sudo nano /etc/fstab

proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
PARTUUID=a0068976-01  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
PARTUUID=a0068976-02  /               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
#   use  dphys-swapfile swap[on|off]  for that

　　

修改后：

proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
PARTUUID=a0068976-01  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
PARTUUID=a0068976-02  /               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1
/dev/sda1  /samba               ext4    defaults          0       0
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
#   use  dphys-swapfile swap[on|off]  for that

　　

备注：

可以看到，fstab文件其实就是一个表格，表格各列的含意如下：

第一列：磁盘分区名/卷标，一般是/dev/sdaN（N表示正整数）

第二列：挂载点，我们在这里把/dev/sda1挂到/samba上。

第三列：缺省设置，一般用defautls。

第四列：是否备份：0——表示不做 dump 备份；1——表示要将整个 <fie sysytem> 里的内容备份；2 也表示要做 dump 备份，但该分区的重要性比 1 小。

第五列：检测顺序：0——不进行检测；根分区（/），必须填写 1，其它的都不能填写 1。如果有分区填写大于 1 的话，则在检查完根分区后，从小到大依次检查下去。