k8s单机部署1.11.5

一、概述

由于服务器有限，因此只能用虚拟机搭建 k8s。但是开3个节点，电脑卡的不行。

k8s中文社区封装了一个 Minikube，用来搭建单机版，链接如下：

https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/221687

我测试过了，是可以运行。但是，没有calico网络插件。根据其他文档来部署calico，始终无法使用！

因此，靠人不如靠自己。自己搭建的，心里有数！

二、环境依赖

环境说明

配置	操作系统	主机名	IP地址	功能
2核4G 40G磁盘	ubuntu-16.04.5-server-amd64	ubuntu	192.168.91.128	主节点，etcd，docker registry

请确保核心至少有2核，内存不要太小！

本文所使用的操作系统为：ubuntu:16.04，注意：切勿使用18.04，会导致安装失败！

k8s依赖于etcd和docker私有库，下面会一一介绍。

文件准备

k8s-1.11.5 目录下载链接如下：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/152ECxRuq3aX4HQco4GH6cA
提取码：bz5h

目录结构如下：

./
├── calico-cni-1.11..tar.gz
├── calico-kube-controllers-1.0..tar.gz
├── calico-node-2.6..tar.gz
├── calico.yaml
├── coredns-1.1..tar.gz
├── cri-tools_1.12.0-00_amd64.deb
├── kubeadm_1.11.5-00_amd64.deb
├── kube-apiserver-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
├── kube-controller-manager-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
├── kubectl_1.11.5-00_amd64.deb
├── kubelet_1.11.5-00_amd64.deb
├── kube-proxy-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
├── kubernetes-cni_0.6.0-00_amd64.deb
├── kube-scheduler-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
└── pause3..tar.gz

必须将 k8s-1.11.5 目录放置到 /repo/k8s-1.11.5 目录下

etcd

etcd 目录结构如下：

./
├── etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
└── etcd_v3.3.10.sh

etcd_v3.3.10.sh

#/bin/bash
# 单击版etcd安装脚本
# 本脚本,只能在本地服务器安装。
# 请确保etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz文件和当前脚本在同一目录下。
# 务必使用root用户执行此脚本!
# 确保可以直接执行python3,因为倒数第4行,有一个json格式化输出。如果不需要可以忽略
#set -e

# 输入本机ip
while true
do
    echo '请输入本机ip'
    echo 'Example: 192.168.0.1'
    echo -e "etcd server ip=\c"
    read ETCD_Server
    if [ "$ETCD_Server" == "" ];then
        echo 'No input etcd server IP'
    else
            #echo 'No input etcd server IP'
            break
    fi
done

# etcd启动服务
cat > /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=etcd - highly-available key value store
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos/etcd
Documentation=man:etcd
After=network.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Environment=DAEMON_ARGS=
Environment=ETCD_NAME=%H
Environment=ETCD_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/etcd/default
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/%p
Type=notify
User=etcd
PermissionsStartOnly=true
#ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "GOMAXPROCS=\$(nproc) /usr/bin/etcd \$DAEMON_ARGS"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd \$DAEMON_ARGS
Restart=on-abnormal
#RestartSec=10s
#LimitNOFILE=

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service
EOF

# 主机名
name=`hostname`
# etcd的http连接地址
initial_cluster="http://$ETCD_Server:2380"

# 判断进程是否启动
A=`ps -ef|grep /usr/bin/etcd|grep -v grep|wc -l`
if [ $A -ne  ];then
    # 杀掉进程
    killall etcd
fi 

# 删除etcd相关文件
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/*
rm -rf /etc/default/etcd

# 设置时区
ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

# 判断压缩文件
if [ ! -f "etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz" ];then
    echo "当前目录etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz文件不存在"
    exit
fi

# 安装etcd
tar zxf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /tmp/
cp -f /tmp/etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/etcd /usr/bin/
cp -f /tmp/etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/bin/

# etcd配置文件
cat > /etc/default/etcd <<EOF
ETCD_NAME=$name
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://$ETCD_Server:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://$ETCD_Server:2379,http://127.0.0.1:4001"
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://$ETCD_Server:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="$ETCD_Servernitial_cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster-sdn"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://$ETCD_Server:2379"
EOF

# 临时脚本,添加用户和组
cat  > /tmp/foruser <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
if [ \`cat /etc/group|grep etcd|wc -l\` -eq 0 ];then groupadd -g 217 etcd;fi
if [ \`cat /etc/passwd|grep etcd|wc -l\` -eq 0 ];then mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd && useradd -g 217 -u 111 etcd -d /var/lib/etcd/ -s /bin/false;fi
if [ \`cat /etc/profile|grep ETCDCTL_API|wc -l\` -eq 0 ];then bash -c "echo 'export ETCDCTL_API=3' >> /etc/profile" && bash -c "source /etc/profile";fi
EOF

# 执行脚本
bash /tmp/foruser

# 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd.service
chown -R etcd:etcd /var/lib/etcd
systemctl restart etcd.service
#netstat -anpt | grep 2379
# 查看版本
etcdctl -v
# 访问API, -s 去掉curl的统计信息. python3 -m json.tool 表示json格式化
curl $initial_cluster/version -s | python3 -m json.tool

# 删除临时文件
rm -rf /tmp/foruser /tmp/etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64

etcd目录可以任意放置，这里我直接放到/root目录中

执行脚本

bash etcd_v3.3.10.sh

脚本执行输出：

请输入本机ip
Example: 192.168.0.1
etcd server ip=192.168.0.162
etcdctl version: 3.3.
API version:
{
    "etcdserver": "3.3.10",
    "etcdcluster": "3.3.0"
}

docker registry

安装docker

apt-get install -y docker.io

注意：千万不要安装 docker-ce，否则安装k8s报错

[preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
    [ERROR SystemVerification]: unsupported docker version: 18.09.
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`

因为k8s不支持最新版本的docker

启动docker registry

docker run -d --name docker-registry --restart=always -p : registry

三、一键安装

在root目录下新建脚本

kube-v1.11.5.sh

#/bin/bash
# k8s 1.11.5版本安装,单机版
# 基于ubuntu 16.04

REPO=192.168.0.162
K8S_MASTER_IP=$REPO
dockerREG=$REPO:
EXTERNAL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=http://$REPO:2379

curl $EXTERNAL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS/version
if [ `echo $?` !=  ];then
    echo "etcd没有运行,请执行脚本"
    echo "bash etcd_v3.3.10.sh"
    exit
fi

curl http://$dockerREG/v2/_catalog
if [ `echo $?` !=  ];then
    echo "docker私有仓库没有运行,请执行命令："
    echo "docker run -d --name docker-registry --restart=always -p 5000:5000 registry"
    exit
fi

if [ ! -d "/repo/k8s-1.11.5/" ];then
    echo "/repo/k8s-1.11.5目录不存在,请上传文件夹到指定位置!"
    exit
fi

######################################################################################
#安装相应的组件
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y ipvsadm --allow-unauthenticated
sudo apt-get install -y ebtables socat --allow-unauthenticated
Dline=`sudo grep -n LimitNOFILE /lib/systemd/system/docker.service|cut -f  -d ":" `
sudo sed -i "$Dline c\LimitNOFILE=1048576" /lib/systemd/system/docker.service 

# 配置docker
cat > daemon.json <<EOF
{ "insecure-registries":["$dockerREG"],"storage-driver":"overlay2" }
EOF

# 重启docker
sudo cp -f daemon.json /etc/docker/
sudo service docker restart

#安装kubernetes 服务器
if [ `dpkg -l|grep kube|wc -l` -ne  ];then
    sudo apt purge -y `dpkg -l|grep kube|awk '{print $2}'`
fi
#sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm --allow-unauthenticated
dpkg -i /repo/k8s-1.11./*.deb
#开启cadvisor
sudo sed -i 's?config.yaml?config.yaml --cadvisor-port=4194 --eviction-hard=memory.available<512Mi,nodefs.available<13Gi,imagefs.available<100Mi?g' /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
#add cgroup drivers
if [ `sudo cat /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf|grep cgroup-driver|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
    sudo sed -i 8i'Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs"' /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
    sudo sed -i "s?`sudo tail -n1 /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf`?& $KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS?g" /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
fi
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
IMAGES="calico-cni-1.11.8.tar.gz
calico-kube-controllers-1.0.5.tar.gz
calico-node-2.6.12.tar.gz
coredns-1.1.3.tar.gz
kube-apiserver-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
kube-scheduler-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
kube-controller-manager-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
kube-proxy-amd64-v1.11.5.tar.gz
pause3.1.tar.gz"
for i in $IMAGES;do
        #wget -O /tmp/$i http://$repo/k8s-1.11.5/$i
        sudo docker load</repo/k8s-1.11.5/$i
done

CalicoPro=$(sudo docker images|grep quay.io|awk -F 'quay.io/' '{print $2}'|awk '{print $1}'|sort|uniq)
for i in $CalicoPro;do
    Proversion=$(sudo docker images|grep quay.io|grep $i|awk '{print $2}')
    for j in $Proversion;do
    sudo docker tag quay.io/$i:$j $dockerREG/$i:$j
    sudo docker push $dockerREG/$i:$j
    done
done

sudo systemctl enable kubelet.service
sudo systemctl stop kubelet.service

#close swap
sudo swapoff -a
fswap=`cat /etc/fstab |grep swap|awk '{print $1}'`
for i in $fswap;do
    sudo sed -i "s?$i?#$i?g" /etc/fstab
done

######################################################################################

sudo kubeadm reset -f
sudo rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/*
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/kubelet/*

sudo rm -f /tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml
cat > /tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: MasterConfiguration
networking:
  podSubnet: 192.138.0.0/16
#apiServerCertSANs:
#- master01
#- master02
#- master03
#- 172.16.2.1
#- 172.16.2.2
#- 172.16.2.3
#- 172.16.2.100
etcd:
  endpoints:
#token: 67e411.zc3617bb21ad7ee3
kubernetesVersion: v1.11.5
#imageRepository: $dockerREG
api:
  advertiseAddress: $K8S_MASTER_IP
EOF

if [ -z "$EXTERNAL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS" ]; then
    sudo sed -i 's?etcd:?#etcd?g' /tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml
    sudo sed -i 's?endpoints:?#endpoints:?g' /tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml
    sudo kubeadm init --config=/tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml | sudo tee /etc/kube-server-key
else
    for i in `echo $EXTERNAL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS|sed 's?,? ?g'`;do
        sudo sed -i "15i\  - $i" /tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml
    done
    sudo kubeadm init --config=/tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml| sudo tee /etc/kube-server-key
fi

#添加Nodrport端口范围"--service-node-port-range=1000-62000"到/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
if [ `sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml|grep service-node-port-range|wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
    line_conf=$(sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml|grep -n "allow-privileged=true"|cut -f 1 -d ":")
    sudo sed -i -e "$line_conf"i'\    - --service-node-port-range=1000-62000' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
    line_conf=$(sudo grep -n "insecure-port" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml|awk -F ":" '{print $1}')
    sudo sed -i -e "$line_conf"i"\    - --insecure-bind-address=$K8S_MASTER_IP" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
    sudo sed -i -e 's?insecure-port=0?insecure-port=8080?g' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
fi

#设置kubectl权限
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -f /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

######################################################################################
#                                 Deploy etcd as a master pod
######################################################################################
# We need: (1) modify it to listen on K8S_MASTER_IP so that minion nodes can access.
# (2) modify kube-apiserver configuration.
# (3) restart the service kubelet.
if [ -z "$EXTERNAL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS" ]; then
    sudo sed -i -e "s/127.0.0.1/$K8S_MASTER_IP/g" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml
    sudo sed -i "s?127.0.0.1?$K8S_MASTER_IP?g" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml

    sudo service docker restart
    sudo service kubelet restart
fi
######################################################################################

######################################################################################
#                                 Deploy calico network plugin
######################################################################################

cp /repo/k8s-1.11.5/calico.yaml /tmp/calico.yaml
line=`grep "etcd_endpoints:" -n /tmp/calico.yaml | cut -f 1 -d ":"`
if [ -z "$EXTERNAL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS" ]; then
    sudo sed -i "$line c \ \ etcd_endpoints: \"http://$K8S_MASTER_IP:2379\"" /tmp/calico.yaml
else
    # TODO: multiple instances
    sudo sed -i "$line c \ \ etcd_endpoints: \"$EXTERNAL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS\"" /tmp/calico.yaml
fi

# Change CIDR
PODNET=$(cat /tmp/kubeadm-conf.yaml|grep podSubnet|awk '{print $NF}'|cut -d "/" -f1)
sudo sed -i -e "s/192.168.0.0/$PODNET/g" /tmp/calico.yaml
sudo sed -i -e "s?quay.io?$dockerREG?g" /tmp/calico.yaml
sudo sed -i -e "s?192.168.0.179?$K8S_MASTER_IP?g" /tmp/calico.yaml

# Wait for everything is up except kube-dns, which needs a network plugin
sudo sleep 1m
mkdir -p k8s-1.11.5
cp /tmp/calico.yaml k8s-1.11.5/
sudo kubectl --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf apply -f k8s-1.11.5/calico.yaml

sudo sleep 10
# 默认情况下，为了保证 master 的安全，master 是不会被调度到 app 的。你可以取消这个限制通过输入
sudo kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

# 查看集群中的节点
sudo kubectl get nodes

sudo sleep 20
# 查看k8s服务状态
kubectl get po -n kube-system

注意：运行之前，请修改脚本最开头部分的IP地址，为自己的本机IP

运行脚本

bash kube-v1.11.5.sh

执行输出：

...
NAME      STATUS     ROLES     AGE       VERSION
ubuntu    NotReady   master    1m        v1.11.5
NAME                                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-55445fbcb6-8znzw   /       Running             25s
calico-node-49w2t                          /       Running             25s
coredns-78fcdf6894-9t8wd                   /       Running             25s
coredns-78fcdf6894-ztxm6                   /       Running             25s
kube-apiserver-ubuntu                      /       Running             59s
kube-controller-manager-ubuntu             /       Running             59s
kube-proxy-6xw6j                           /       Running             25s
kube-scheduler-ubuntu                      /       Running             59s

四、验证

flask.yaml

新建yaml文件  flask.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: flaskapp-
spec:
  replicas:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: flaskapp-
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: flaskapp-
          image: jcdemo/flaskapp
          ports:
          - containerPort: 

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: flaskapp-
  labels:
    name: flaskapp-
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port:
    name: flaskapp-port
    targetPort:
    protocol: TCP
    nodePort:
  selector:
    name: flaskapp-

创建pod

kubectl create -f flask.yaml --validate

查看Pod状态

root@ubuntu:~# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP                NODE      NOMINAT
flaskapp--84b7f79cdf-dgctk   /       Running             6m        192.138.243.195   ubuntu    <none>

访问页面

root@ubuntu:~# curl http://192.138.243.195:5000
<html><head><title>Docker + Flask Demo</title></head><body><table><tr><td> Start Time </td> <td>-Feb- ::</td> </tr><tr><td> Hostname </td> <td>flaskapp--84b7f79cdf-dgctk</td> </tr><tr><td> Local Address </td> <td>192.138.243.195</td> </tr><tr><td> Remote Address </td> <td>192.168.0.162</td> </tr><tr><td> Server Hit </td> <td></td> </tr></table></body></html>

有输出 Hostname 表示成功了

我想直接使用windows 10访问flask，可不可呢？

不可以！为什么？因为我的电脑不能直接访问 192.138.0.0/16 的网络。这个是k8s的pod 网络。

添加路由

首先需要在windows 10 中添加路由，比如：k8s主控端的地址为 192.168.0.102

确保cmd打开时，以管理员身份运行，否则提示没有权限！

在cmd中输入如下命令：

route add -p 192.138.0.0 MASK 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.162

设置nat规则

iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/ -d 192.138.0.0/ -o tunl0 -j MASQUERADE

使用windos 10 访问flask页面，效果如下：

将iptables规则加入到开机启动项中

echo 'iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/24 -d 192.138.0.0/16 -o tunl0 -j MASQUERADE' >> /etc/rc.local