python之scrapy携带Cookies模拟登陆

知识点

    """
    scrapy两种模拟登陆：
        1、直接携带cookie
        2、找到发送post请求的url地址，带上信息，发送请求

    应用场景：
        1、cookie过期时间很长，常见于一些不规范的网站
        2、能在cookie过期之前把搜有的数据拿到
        3、配合其他程序使用，比如其使用selenium把登陆之后的cookie获取到保存到本地，scrapy发送请求之前先读取本地cookie
    """

1、创建工程

scrapy startproject renren

2、创建工程

scrapy genspider login renren.com

3、setting.py文件设置COOKIES和COOKIES_DEBUG

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for qq project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'qq'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['qq.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'qq.spiders'
#查看cookies信息
COOKIES_DEBUG=True
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'qq (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'qq.middlewares.QqSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'qq.middlewares.QqDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
#    'qq.pipelines.QqPipeline': 300,
#}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

4、login.py文件实现模拟登陆

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy

import re
class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'login'
    allowed_domains = ['renren.com']
    start_urls = ['http://www.renren.com/971298880/profile']

    def start_requests(self):
        """
        根据cookies模拟登陆人人网，注意settings.py文件的cookies必须是开启的
        :return:
        """
        cookies="anonymid=jxcn09d5-vd52v0; depovince=GUZ; _r01_=1; ick_login=d41bb8a9-056b-41a7-b187-7c706f0f8702; ick=39b091b8-f882-499b-992b-34a682d3469a; JSESSIONID=abcHJrhG1CAIo64PJRrUw; jebe_key=9ca5b44f-aaec-4180-962e-bf7581ad6e5e%7Cc1d85b293dafa0e44367ceed107b877e%7C1561517245262%7C1%7C1561517244004; jebe_key=9ca5b44f-aaec-4180-962e-bf7581ad6e5e%7Cc1d85b293dafa0e44367ceed107b877e%7C1561517245262%7C1%7C1561517244011; wp_fold=0; td_cookie=18446744069457827825; jebecookies=e9de8580-fb15-4891-b7c3-7c08ebb41f5c|||||; _de=AE9934B6C85831351B86F7DDD5B20F8A; p=b25ab0edb69343d7f80c5e481864b8c30; first_login_flag=1; ln_uact=18620028487; ln_hurl=http://head.xiaonei.com/photos/0/0/men_main.gif; t=b8a0d848e228dd51d2c84609f814495b0; societyguester=b8a0d848e228dd51d2c84609f814495b0; id=971298880; xnsid=6e5116da; ver=7.0; loginfrom=null"
        cookies = {i.split("=")[0]:i.split("=")[1] for i in cookies.split("; ")}
        yield scrapy.Request(
            self.start_urls[0],
            callback=self.parse,
            cookies=cookies
        )
    def parse(self, response):
        print(re.findall("新用户28487",response.body.decode()))
        yield  scrapy.Request(
            #这里不需要再添加cookies，因为settings.py文件中开启了，只需要添加一次，下次请求自动携带
            'http://www.renren.com/971298880/profile?v=info_timeline',
            callback=self.parse_detail
        )

    def parse_detail(self,response): #详情页
        print(re.findall("新用户28487", response.body.decode()))