Linux Tomcat 6.0安装配置实践总结

系统环境： Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga) 64位

Tomcat下载

从官方网站 http://tomcat.apache.org/下载你需要的Tomcat版本，目前Tomcat主要版本有Tomcat 6.0、Tomcat 7.0、Tomcat 8.0三个版本，下面我们以6.0(6.0.39)版本为例，下载URL地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi ，如果你需要下载Tomcat 6.0下的其它版本，点击链接地址“Archives“ http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/ 即可查看到你需要的版本。

Tomcat安装

Step 1：安装配置JDK

关于JDK的安装配置细节可以参考我以前的博客lRedhat Linux安装JDK 1.7，JDK最好选择合适的版本，这里我为了方便省事，就安装了JDK1.7.

   1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm

2:

   3: [root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm

   4: Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

   5:    1:jdk ########################################### [100%]

   6: Unpacking JAR files...

   7:         rt.jar...

   8:         jsse.jar...

   9:         charsets.jar...

  10:         tools.jar...

  11:         localedata.jar...

  12: [root@DB-Server tmp]# cd /usr/java/

配置环境变量，在etc/profile文件下添加

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

export CLASSPATH=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

   1: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# vi /etc/profile

   2: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# source /etc/profile   --生效修改配置信息

3:

   4: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $JAVA_HOME

   5: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

   6: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $CLASSPATH

   7: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib

   8: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# java -version

   9: java version "1.7.0_25"

  10: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_25-b15)

  11: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.25-b01, mixed mode)

  12: [root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]#

Step 2：安装Tomcat

   1: [root@DB-Server tmp]#tar zxvf apach-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz

2:

   3: [root@DB-Server tmp]#mkdir /usr/local/tomcat

4:

   5: [root@DB-Server tmp]# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.39 /usr/local/ tomcat

6:

7:

   8: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# vi /etc/profile

9:

  10: export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat

11:

12:

  13: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# source /etc/profile

  14: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# echo $TOMCAT_HOME

  15: /usr/local/tomcat

16:

17:

  18: [root@DB-Server bin]# pwd

  19: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin

  20: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

  21: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

  22: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

  23: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

  24: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

  25: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

如果需要指定Tomcat在某个账号下运行或管理，则可以通过下面脚本：例如，我要创建一个tomcat的账号

   1: [root@DB-Server ~]# groupadd tomcat

2:

   3: [root@DB-Server ~]# useradd -g tomcat -d /home/tomcat -u 502 tomcat

4:

   5: Creating mailbox file: File exists

6:

   7: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# chown -Rf    tomcat.tomcat   /usr/local/tomcat/

8:

   9: [root@DB-Server tomcat]#passwd tomcat

10:

  11: Changing password for user tomcat.

12:

  13: New UNIX password:

14:

  15: Retype new UNIX password:

16:

  17: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

在浏览器里面输入http://localhost:8080/ （默认端口为8080,可以修改该端口号）验证Tomcat是否安装成功，如果安装成功，则会看到Tomcat的index.jsp并证明Tomcat启动成功了

Tomcat配置

关于Tomcat的目录结构，可以参考下面简单的描述，

[root@DB-Server apache-tomcat-6.0.39]# ls

bin lib logs RELEASE-NOTES temp work

conf LICENSE NOTICE RUNNING.txt webapps

bin 存放Tomcat启动、停止服务程序以及一些其他脚本程序

lib 存放Tomcat运行需要的jar包

log 存放Tomcat运行的相关日志文件

conf 存放Tomcat配置文件。例如server.xml 、 web.xml等

temp 存放Tomcat运行的临时文件。

webapps Web应用的发布目录，默认情况下把Web应用文件放于此目录。

work Tomcat的工作目录，默认情况下把编译JSP文件生成的servlet类文件放于此目录下

1：启动Tomcat服务

   1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

2:

   3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

4:

   5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

6:

   7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

8:

   9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

10:

  11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

2：关闭Tomcat服务

   1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh

2:

   3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

4:

   5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

6:

   7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

8:

   9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

10:

  11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

12:

  13: [root@DB-Server bin]#

3：查看Tomcat版本

有时候，如果当你接手去管理Tomcat, 可能你要了解一下Tomcat的版本信息，以及配置，那么怎么查看呢，去Tomcat的主目录下的bin目录下，执行version.sh,你就能查看到很多详细信息。

   1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./version.sh

2:

   3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

4:

   5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

6:

   7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

8:

   9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

10:

  11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

12:

  13: Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.39

14:

  15: Server built: Jan 27 2014 10:40:33

16:

  17: Server number: 6.0.39.0

18:

  19: OS Name: Linux

20:

  21: OS Version: 2.6.18-274.el5

22:

  23: Architecture: amd64

24:

  25: JVM Version: 1.7.0_25-b15

26:

  27: JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation

28:

4：设置管理密码

如果你要进入Tomcat的管理页面：http://localhost:8080/manager/html ，这时会弹出下面认证界面，需要你输入用户名和密码，如果你没有配置过或者你忘了用户名、密码，那么应该找那个配置文件呢？其实你都可以通过配置文件tomcat-users.xml 来解决

   1: [root@DB-Server conf]# more tomcat-users.xml

2:

   3: xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

4:

   5: --

6:

   7: Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

8:

   9: contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

10:

  11: this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

12:

  13: The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

14:

  15: (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

16:

  17: the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

18:

  19:     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

20:

  21: Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

22:

  23: distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

24:

  25: WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

26:

  27: See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

28:

  29: limitations under the License.

30:

  31: >

32:

  33: omcat-users>

34:

  35: --

36:

  37: NOTE: By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required

38:

  39: to operate the "/manager/html" web application. If you wish to use this app,

40:

  41: you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.

42:

  43: >

44:

  45: --

46:

  47: NOTE: The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment

48:

  49: and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove

50:

  51: <!.. ..> that surrounds them.

52:

  53: >

54:

  55: --

56:

  57: <role rolename="tomcat"/>

58:

  59: <role rolename="role1"/>

60:

  61: <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>

62:

  63: <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>

64:

  65: <user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>

66:

  67: >

68:

  69: tomcat-users>

70:

修改配置文件前，要养成首先备份一份配置文件的习惯，以防需要回滚到最初设置时，忘了自己修改过哪些配置。一般建议源文件+日期+bak

[root@DB-Server conf]# cp tomcat-users.xml tomcat-users.xml.20130308.bak

[root@DB-Server conf]# vi tomcat-users.xml

修改了配置信息后，一般需要重新启动一下Tomcat才能生效，否则依然进入不了管理界面

Tomcat 7 下与Tomcat 6 稍有不同，如下所示：

5：修改Tomcat的默认端口

有时候由于特性情况，需要修改Tomcat的默认端口8080，例如端口号被其它应用程序占用了等，这时你需要修改server.xml，在里面

找到如下图所示地方，修改为port的值。注意：修改后需要重启Tomcat服务。

6：修改Tomcat使用的JDK

首先我们先安装JDK1.6，如下所示

   1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin

   2: [root@DB-Server tmp]# ./jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin

   3: Unpacking...

   4: Checksumming...

   5: Extracting...

   6: UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs@lists.wku.edu).

   7:   inflating: jdk-6u31-linux-amd64.rpm

   8:   inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm

   9:   inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm

  10:   inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm

  11:   inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm

  12:   inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm

  13:   inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm

  14: Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

  15:    1:jdk ########################################### [100%]

  16: Unpacking JAR files...

  17:         rt.jar...

  18:         jsse.jar...

  19:         charsets.jar...

  20:         tools.jar...

  21:         localedata.jar...

  22:         plugin.jar...

  23:         javaws.jar...

  24:         deploy.jar...

  25: Installing JavaDB

  26: Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

  27:    1:sun-javadb-common ########################################### [ 17%]

  28:    2:sun-javadb-core ########################################### [ 33%]

  29:    3:sun-javadb-client ########################################### [ 50%]

  30:    4:sun-javadb-demo ########################################### [ 67%]

  31:    5:sun-javadb-docs ########################################### [ 83%]

  32:    6:sun-javadb-javadoc ########################################### [100%]

  33: Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.

  34: Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:

  35: * Notification of new versions, patches, and updates

  36: * Special offers on Oracle products, services and training

  37: * Access to early releases and documentation

  38: Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration

  39: supports a browser, the JDK Product Registration form will

  40: be presented. If you do not register, none of this information

  41: will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by

  42: opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation

  43: directory) in a browser.

  44: For more information on what data Registration collects and

  45: how it is managed and used, see:

  46: http://java.sun.com/javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html

  47: Press Enter to continue.....

48:

  49: Done.

修改catalina.sh，增加export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31即可。如下所示，似乎不用重启，Tomcat使用的JDK就改为了jdk1.6

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]#

另外，似乎网上也有文章介绍，在文件setclasspath.sh下加入export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31 设置即可，那种比较合理，目前不得而知。

7：Tomcat端口被占用分析

有时候明明Tomcat配置OK，Tomcat服务启动正常，但是打开页面的时候出错。这时可能是Tomat端口被占用了，你可以查看一下那些程序占用了Tomcat的端口

[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -an | grep 8080

[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -apn | grep 8080

一般你也会在catalina.out日志里面找到”SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080“之类的错误。

   1: [root@DB-Server logs]$ more catalina.out

   2: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init

   3: INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the ja

   4: va.library.path: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/../lib/amd

   5: 64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib

   6: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init

   7: SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint

   8: java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080

   9:         at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint.init(JIoEndpoint.java:502)

  10:         at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol.init(Http11Protocol.java:176)

  11:         at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initialize(Connector.java:1058)

  12:         at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initialize(StandardService.java:677)

  13:         at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initialize(StandardServer.java:795)

  14:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:530)

  15:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:550)

  16:         at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

  17:         at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)

  18:         at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)

  19:         at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)

  20:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:260)

  21:         at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:412)

  22: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load

  23: SEVERE: Catalina.start

这时要么修改Tomcat的默认端口号，要么修改其它应用程序的端口号。

Tomcat卸载

Tomcat的卸载非常简单，只需要将Tomcat的CATALINA_BASE目录删除，然后删除一些环境变量即可。

[root@DB-Server ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/

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