RHEL/CentOS 7.X 安装笔记

配置vim

# 配置 vim 编辑器

yum install vim
rm /usr/bin/vi
ln -s /usr/bin/vim /usr/bin/vi

vi /etc/vimrc

# 开启语法高亮，和行号
syntax on
set nu

# tab键替换成4个空格
set tabstop=
set expandtab

# 杂项配置
export HISTSIZE=1000 # 如果设置为0, 则不能上下翻查看历史命令。

关闭不必要的服务

# centos7下防火墙核心仍基于iptables实现,但iptables服务并没有装，因此禁用防火墙要用如下指令：

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

systemctl stop postfix.service
systemctl disable postfix.service

# 关闭SELinux, 查看当前 SELinux 状态
getenforce

# disable SELinux 需要重启生效
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

后台服务管理

# 以 httpd 举例说明:
systemctl start   httpd.service # 启动服务
systemctl stop    httpd.service # 停止服务
systemctl restart httpd.service # 重启服务
systemctl status  httpd.service # 检查服务状态

systemctl enable  httpd.service # 开机启用
systemctl disable httpd.service # 开机禁用

systemctl    # 列出正在运行的服务
systemd-cgls # 以树形列出正在运行的进程

# 列出正在运行的服务
[root@bogon ~]# systemctl
  UNIT                                                             LOAD      ACTIVE SUB       DESCRIPTION
  sys-devices-platform-floppy.-block-fd0.device                   loaded    active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/floppy./block/fd0
  sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS2.device                 loaded    active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS2
  sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS3.device                 loaded    active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS3
  sys-devices-pnp0-:-tty-ttyS0.device                          loaded    active plugged   /sys/devices/pnp0/:/tty/ttyS0
  sys-devices-pnp0-:0a-tty-ttyS1.device                          loaded    active plugged   /sys/devices/pnp0/:0a/tty/ttyS1
  sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d0.device                         loaded    active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/dm-
  sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\x2d1.device                         loaded    active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/dm-
  sys-module-configfs.device                                       loaded    active plugged   /sys/module/configfs

# 以树形结构列出正在运行的进程
[root@bogon ~]# systemd-cgls
├─ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize
├─user.slice
│ └─user-.slice
│   ├─session-.scope
│   │ └─ /usr/sbin/anacron -s
│   └─session-.scope
│     ├─ sshd: root@pts/
│     ├─ -bash
│     ├─ systemd-cgls
│     └─ systemd-cgls
└─system.slice
  ├─systemd-udevd.service
  │ └─ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
  ├─vsftpd.service
  │ ├─ /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
  │ ├─ /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
  │ └─ /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
  ├─tuned.service
  │ └─ /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
  ├─sshd.service
  │ └─ /usr/sbin/sshd -D
  ├─polkit.service
  │ └─ /usr/lib/polkit-/polkitd --no-debug
  ├─wpa_supplicant.service
  │ └─ /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -u -f /var/log/wpa_supplicant.log -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -u -f /var/log/wpa_supplicant.log -P /var/run/wpa_supplicant.pid
  ├─NetworkManager.service
  │ ├─  /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
  │ └─ /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run/dhclient-ens33.pid -lf /var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-70e8fbc4-3c26-4e06-8c14-f88d5e72967c-ens33.lease -cf /var/l
  ├─crond.service
  │ └─ /usr/sbin/crond -n
  ├─dbus.service
  │ └─ /bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
  ├─rsyslog.service
  │ └─ /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
  ├─systemd-logind.service
  │ └─ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
  ├─auditd.service
  │ └─ /sbin/auditd -n
  ├─lvm2-lvmetad.service
  │ └─ /usr/sbin/lvmetad -f
  ├─system-getty.slice
  │ └─getty@tty1.service
  │   └─ /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
  └─systemd-journald.service
    └─ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald

修改系统运行级别

systemd 不再使用 /etc/inittab 文件来控制运行级别。而是使用 target 替代了原来的 sysvinit。

# 新的映射关系为:
    multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel
    graphical.target:  analogous to runlevel 

# 查看当前运行级别:
方法一: runlevel
方法二: ls -l /etc/systemd/system/default.target

# 改变默认的运行级别:
rm /etc/systemd/system/default.target
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target # 改成级别3
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target  /etc/systemd/system/default.target # 改成级别5

基于nginx搭建YUM源

# 配置nginx
server {
    listen       ;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /media;
        index  index.html index.htm;
        autoindex             on;
        autoindex_exact_size  off;
        autoindex_localtime   on;
    }

    error_page        /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

}

# 将光驱挂在至 /media 目录
mount /dev/cdrom /media
# 设置 /etc/yum.repos.d/steven.repo
[rhel-dvd]
name=remote copy of dvd
baseurl=http://192.168.245.136:80/
gpgcheck=
enabled=

安装常用软件

yum install net-tools # 包含 netstat,
yum install tree
yum install wget
yum install man
yum install telnet
yum install ftp
yum install nc
yum install lrzsz
yum install dos2unix
yum install bind-utils # 跟DNS相关的指令
yum install gdb
yum install python-devel
yum install python-mako

yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'