QueryDSL-JPA

QueryDSL-JPA

QueryDSL简介

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1 QueryDSL仅仅是一个通用的查询框架，专注于通过Java API构建类型安全的SQL查询。
2 Querydsl可以通过一组通用的查询API为用户构建出适合不同类型ORM框架或者是SQL的查询语句，也就是说QueryDSL是基于各种ORM框架以及SQL之上的一个通用的查询框架。
3 借助QueryDSL可以在任何支持的ORM框架或者SQL平台上以一种通用的API方式来构建查询。目前QueryDSL支持的平台包括JPA,JDO,SQL,Java Collections,RDF,Lucene,Hibernate Search。

创建项目

首先对于queryDSL有两个版本,com.mysema.querydsl和com.querydsl,前者是3.X系列后者是4.X系列,这里使用的是后者.

第一步:Maven引入依赖

<!--query dsl-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
      <artifactId>querydsl-jpa</artifactId>
      <version>${querydsl.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
      <artifactId>querydsl-apt</artifactId>
      <version>${querydsl.version}</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--query dsl end-->

第二步:加入插件,用于生成查询实例

<!--该插件可以生成querysdl需要的查询对象，执行mvn compile即可-->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>com.mysema.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>apt-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.3</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <goals>
              <goal>process</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>
              <processor>com.querydsl.apt.jpa.JPAAnnotationProcessor</processor>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

执行mvn compile之后,可以找到该target/generated-sources/java,然后IDEA标示为源代码目录即可.

实体类

城市类:

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_city", schema = "test", catalog = "")
public class TCity {
    //省略JPA注解标识
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String state;
    private String country;
    private String map;
}

旅馆类:

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_hotel", schema = "test", catalog = "")
public class THotel {
    //省略JPA注解标识
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private Integer city;//保存着城市的id主键
}

单表动态分页查询

Spring Data JPA中提供了QueryDslPredicateExecutor接口,用于支持QueryDSL的查询操作,这样的话单表动态查询就可以参考如下代码:

        //查找出Id小于3,并且名称带有`shanghai`的记录.

        //动态条件
        QTCity qtCity = QTCity.tCity;
        //该Predicate为querydsl下的类,支持嵌套组装复杂查询条件
        Predicate predicate = qtCity.id.longValue().lt(3)
                                       .and(qtCity.name.like("shanghai"));
        //分页排序
        Sort sort = new Sort(new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.ASC,"id"));
        PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(0,10,sort);
        //查找结果
        Page<TCity> tCityPage = tCityRepository.findAll(predicate,pageRequest);

多表动态查询

QueryDSL对多表查询提供了一个很好地封装,看下面代码:

    /**
     * 关联查询示例,查询出城市和对应的旅店
     * @param predicate 查询条件
     * @return 查询实体
     */
    @Override
    public List<Tuple> findCityAndHotel(Predicate predicate) {
        JPAQueryFactory queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(em);
        JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QTCity.tCity,QTHotel.tHotel)
                                        .from(QTCity.tCity)
                                        .leftJoin(QTHotel.tHotel)
                                        .on(QTHotel.tHotel.city.longValue().eq(QTCity.tCity.id.longValue()));
        //添加查询条件
        jpaQuery.where(predicate);
        //拿到结果
        return jpaQuery.fetch();
    }

城市表左连接旅店表,当该旅店属于这个城市时查询出两者的详细字段,存放到一个Tuple的多元组中.相比原生sql,简单清晰了很多.

那么该怎么调用这个方法呢?

    @Test
    public void findByLeftJoin(){
        QTCity qtCity = QTCity.tCity;
        QTHotel qtHotel = QTHotel.tHotel;
        //查询条件
        Predicate predicate = qtCity.name.like("shanghai");
        //调用
        List<Tuple> result = tCityRepository.findCityAndHotel(predicate);
        //对多元组取出数据,这个和select时的数据相匹配
        for (Tuple row : result) {
            System.out.println("qtCity:"+row.get(qtCity));
            System.out.println("qtHotel:"+row.get(qtHotel));
            System.out.println("--------------------");
        }
        System.out.println(result);
    }

这样做的话避免了返回Object[]数组,下面是自动生成的sql语句:

select
        tcity0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        thotel1_.id as id1_1_1_,
        tcity0_.country as country2_0_0_,
        tcity0_.map as map3_0_0_,
        tcity0_.name as name4_0_0_,
        tcity0_.state as state5_0_0_,
        thotel1_.address as address2_1_1_,
        thotel1_.city as city3_1_1_,
        thotel1_.name as name4_1_1_
    from
        t_city tcity0_
    left outer join
        t_hotel thotel1_
            on (
                cast(thotel1_.city as signed)=cast(tcity0_.id as signed)
            )
    where
        tcity0_.name like ? escape '!'

多表动态分页查询

分页查询对于queryDSL无论什么样的sql只需要写一遍,会自动转换为相应的count查询,也就避免了文章开始的问题4,下面代码是对上面的查询加上分页功能:

    @Override
    public QueryResults<Tuple> findCityAndHotelPage(Predicate predicate,Pageable pageable) {
        JPAQueryFactory queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(em);
        JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QTCity.tCity.id,QTHotel.tHotel)
                                           .from(QTCity.tCity)
                                           .leftJoin(QTHotel.tHotel)
                                               .on(QTHotel.tHotel.city.longValue().eq(QTCity.tCity.id.longValue()))
                                           .where(predicate)
                                           .offset(pageable.getOffset())
                                               .limit(pageable.getPageSize());
        //拿到分页结果
        return jpaQuery.fetchResults();
    }

和上面不同之处在于这里使用了offset和limit限制查询结果.并且返回一个QueryResults,该类会自动实现count查询和结果查询,并进行封装.

调用形式如下:

    @Test
    public void findByLeftJoinPage(){
        QTCity qtCity = QTCity.tCity;
        QTHotel qtHotel = QTHotel.tHotel;
        //条件
        Predicate predicate = qtCity.name.like("shanghai");
        //分页
        PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(0,10);
        //调用查询
        QueryResults<Tuple> result = tCityRepository.findCityAndHotelPage(predicate,pageRequest);
        //结果取出
        for (Tuple row : result.getResults()) {
            System.out.println("qtCity:"+row.get(qtCity));
            System.out.println("qtHotel:"+row.get(qtHotel));
            System.out.println("--------------------");
        }
        //取出count查询总数
        System.out.println(result.getTotal());
    }

生成的原生count查询sql,当该count查询结果为0的话,则直接返回,并不会再进行具体数据查询:

select
        count(tcity0_.id) as col_0_0_
    from
        t_city tcity0_
    left outer join
        t_hotel thotel1_
            on (
                cast(thotel1_.city as signed)=cast(tcity0_.id as signed)
            )
    where
        tcity0_.name like ? escape '!'

生成的原生查询sql:

select
        tcity0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        thotel1_.id as id1_1_1_,
        tcity0_.country as country2_0_0_,
        tcity0_.map as map3_0_0_,
        tcity0_.name as name4_0_0_,
        tcity0_.state as state5_0_0_,
        thotel1_.address as address2_1_1_,
        thotel1_.city as city3_1_1_,
        thotel1_.name as name4_1_1_
    from
        t_city tcity0_
    left outer join
        t_hotel thotel1_
            on (
                cast(thotel1_.city as signed)=cast(tcity0_.id as signed)
            )
    where
        tcity0_.name like ? escape '!' limit ?

查看打印,可以发现对应的city也都是同一个对象,hotel是不同的对象.