Spring context的refresh函数执行过程分析

今天看了一下Spring Boot的run函数运行过程，发现它调用了Context中的refresh函数。所以先分析一下Spring context的refresh过程，然后再分析Spring boot中run的流程。

首先我们找到spring-context组件的AbstractApplicationContext类下的refresh函数：

    @Override
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            // Prepare this context for refreshing.
            prepareRefresh();
 
            // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
 
            // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 
            try {
                // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 
                // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
 
                // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
 
                // Initialize message source for this context.
                initMessageSource();
 
                // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
                initApplicationEventMulticaster();
 
                // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                onRefresh();
 
                // Check for listener beans and register them.
                registerListeners();
 
                // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
 
                // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishRefresh();
            }
 
            catch (BeansException ex) {
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                            "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
                }
 
                // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroyBeans();
 
                // Reset 'active' flag.
                cancelRefresh(ex);
 
                // Propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }
 
            finally {
                // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
                // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
                resetCommonCaches();
            }
        }
    }

prepareRefresh()

    protected void prepareRefresh() {
        // Switch to active.
        this.startupDate = System.currentTimeMillis();
        this.closed.set(false);
        this.active.set(true);
 
......
 
        // Initialize any placeholder property sources in the context environment.
        initPropertySources();
 
        // Validate that all properties marked as required are resolvable:
        // see ConfigurablePropertyResolver#setRequiredProperties
        getEnvironment().validateRequiredProperties();
 
        // Store pre-refresh ApplicationListeners...
        if (this.earlyApplicationListeners == null) {
            this.earlyApplicationListeners = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.applicationListeners);
        }
        else {
            // Reset local application listeners to pre-refresh state.
            this.applicationListeners.clear();
            this.applicationListeners.addAll(this.earlyApplicationListeners);
        }
 
        // Allow for the collection of early ApplicationEvents,
        // to be published once the multicaster is available...
        this.earlyApplicationEvents = new LinkedHashSet<>();
    }

可以看到，这个函数做了一些准备工作，记录了refresh的开始时间，调用了留给子类重写的initPropertySources()函数。

验证了环境中必要的参数，并且将earlyListeners加入到应用程序的监听器列表中。

obtainFreshBeanFactory()

    protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
        refreshBeanFactory();
        return getBeanFactory();
    }

可以看见，refreshBeanFactory()和getBeanFactory()都是abstract函数，这两个函数设计出来就是为了让子类重写，根据子类实现具体功能，从函数名可以推断出这两个函数一个是用来初始化beanFactory，另外一个则是拿到beanFactory的实例，我们以AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext类的代码为例：

refreshBeanFactory:

    @Override
    protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
        if (hasBeanFactory()) {//如果beanFactory已经被初始化过，则在此销毁
            destroyBeans();
            closeBeanFactory();
        }
        try {//这里其实就是new了一个DefaultListableBeanFactory
            DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
            beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
            //客制化beanFactory，例如设置能否循环引用，能否重写bean等
            customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
            //将xml中的bean定义加载到spring-core的注册中心中
            loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
            //设置beanFactory，供getBeanFactory取得
            synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
                this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
            }
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
        }
    }

getBeanFactory:不难想象，这个函数从this类中拿到beanFactory实例并返回。

prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory)

篇幅原因就不贴这部分代码，实在太长，这个函数主要做了如下几件事：

1. 设置了beanFactory的classloader

2. 设置了SpEL的解析器

3. 设置了PropertyEditor，这个是用来将xml里面的占位符解析成具体值的，例如xml里面写<... value="${predefined-var}"/>，在PropertyEditor可以将${predefined-var}解析为某个具体值，并且到时候生成的beanDefinition对应的field就是这个具体的值。这一步会发生在xml被转换为beanDefinition之前

4. 增加ApplicationContextAwareProcessor的BeanPostProcessor，这个是为了让实现了ApplicationContextAware接口的bean在初始化后自身被注入当前的ApplicationContext，实现对自己所在的Context的感知

5. 忽略下述接口的依赖注入：

EnvironmentAware.class
EmbeddedValueResolverAware.class
ResourceLoaderAware.class
ApplicationEventPublisherAware.class
MessageSourceAware.class
ApplicationContextAware.class

观察上述接口的特征，发现这些都是Aware系列接口，用于使Bean感知环境中的参数（例如当前Context）。自动装配不会对这些接口进行处理，实际上实现了这些接口的类会在Spring中有专门的函数进行处理。

6. 对于一些特定的接口实现，定义默认的注入值：

BeanFactory.class
ResourceLoader.class
ApplicationEventPublisher.class
ApplicationContext.class

这些接口是用来获取关于Spring本身相关的信息的，例如Spring本身的BeanFactory等。

7. 注册一些环境相关的bean，例如systemProperties、systemEnvironment和environment

postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory)

这个函数实际上是空的：

    /**
     * Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
     * initialization. All bean definitions will have been loaded, but no beans
     * will have been instantiated yet. This allows for registering special
     * BeanPostProcessors etc in certain ApplicationContext implementations.
     * @param beanFactory the bean factory used by the application context
     */
    protected void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
    }

通过上面的注释，我们可以知道，当所有的xml已经被载入并且产生了对应的beanDefinition时，这个函数将会被调用，此时bean的实例都没有产生，在此处可以对beanDefinition的属性进行修改、抑或是注册特别的beanPostProcessor用于对实例化的bean做最终处理。

这里函数留空是为了让用户能够子类化，然后在里面写入自己需要的修改，典型的模板设计模式

invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory)

调用所有在容器中注册的BeanFactoryPostProcessor

registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory)

注册BeanPostProcessors，将所有在xml中定义的beanPostProcessors加入到当前BeanFactory的列表，以便在getBean的时候调用。

initMessageSource()

初始化消息源

initApplicationEventMulticaster()

protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
        if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
            this.applicationEventMulticaster =
                    beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
            }
        }
        else {
            this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
            beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("No '" + APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME + "' bean, using " +
                        "[" + this.applicationEventMulticaster.getClass().getSimpleName() + "]");
            }
        }
    }

通过Spring容器得到一个applicationEventMulticaster，如果Spring容器没有定义，则创建SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster作为applicationEventMulticaster。

通过SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster的代码我们也能推断出这个类的作用，就是向Context里面的EventListener发布消息：

    public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
        ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
        Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
        //将当前的事件event发送给当前Context的每一个Listener
        for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
            //如果有executor则使用executor执行
            if (executor != null) {
                executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
            }
            else {
                //否则直接在当前线程执行
                invokeListener(listener, event);
            }
        }
    }

onRefresh()

这是模板方法，留给子类实现并执行想要的操作

registerListeners()

这一步将注册Listener，供前面initApplicationEventMulticaster注册的EventMulticaster进行广播，代码如下：

    protected void registerListeners() {
        // Register statically specified listeners first.
        for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners()) {
            getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
        }
 
        // Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans
        // uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them!
        String[] listenerBeanNames = getBeanNamesForType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false);
        for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeanNames) {
            getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListenerBean(listenerBeanName);
        }
 
        // Publish early application events now that we finally have a multicaster...
        Set<ApplicationEvent> earlyEventsToProcess = this.earlyApplicationEvents;
        this.earlyApplicationEvents = null;
        if (earlyEventsToProcess != null) {
            for (ApplicationEvent earlyEvent : earlyEventsToProcess) {
                getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(earlyEvent);
            }
        }
    }

这段代码将静态注册的Listener和Spring中注册的Listener bean都添加到EventMulticaster中，这样从EventMulticaster中发布的消息，每个Listener都能监听到，典型的观察者模式。

值得注意的是，Context中包含earlyApplicationEvents，所有的Listener就绪后，会先接收到这个事件。

finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory)

通过上面的注释：Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.

我们可以知道，这个方法初始化所有的非懒加载单例实例，代码很复杂，后面会开一个专题分析这段代码的。

finishRefresh()

从函数名可以知道这个是完成刷新，代码如下：

    protected void finishRefresh() {
        // Clear context-level resource caches (such as ASM metadata from scanning).
        clearResourceCaches();
 
        // Initialize lifecycle processor for this context.
        initLifecycleProcessor();
 
        // Propagate refresh to lifecycle processor first.
        getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh();
 
        // Publish the final event.
        publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));
 
        // Participate in LiveBeansView MBean, if active.
        LiveBeansView.registerApplicationContext(this);
    }

实际上它：

1. 清空了资源缓存

2. 初始化了生命周期处理器，用于处理Bean生命周期

3. 使用生命周期处理器传播刷新事件

4. 在Context内发布刷新事件

5. 将本Context注册到ListBeansView中

至此，Context的refresh分析完毕，下一部该分析Spring Boot的run进行了什么操作了。