tk画图

Page 387 of chapter 7

 """
 6-23 page 343 play media files
 """
 def odd():
     funcs=[]
     for c in 'abcdwe':
         funcs.append((lambda:c))
     return funcs

 def odd2():
     funcs=[]
     for c in 'abcdwe':
         funcs.append((lambda c=c:c))
     return funcs    

 def odd1():
     funcs=[]
     for c in 'abcdwe':
         funcs.append(c)
     return funcs

 for func in odd():
     print(func())
 print('force to remenber'+'#'*30)
 for func in odd2():
     print(func())

 listt=[]
 listt=odd1()
 print listt

 """
 programming pytyon page 422
 pop up three new windows ,with style
 desctory() kill one window,quit kill all windows and app
 top-level window have litle,icon,iconify/deiconify and protocol for wn events
 there always is an application root window,whether by default or created as an
 explicit tk() object;all top-level windows are containters but they are never
 packed.gridded;toplevel is like Frame,but a new window,and can have a menu;
 """
 from Tkinter import *
 root =Tk()
 trees =[('the larch!','light blue'),('the pine!','light green'),('the giant redwood','red')]

 for (tree,color) in trees:
     win = Toplevel(root)
     win.title('sing...')
     win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',lambda:None)                           #ignore close,so no meaning to close win by X
     win.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')

     msg =Button(win,text=tree,command=win.destroy)
     msg.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)
     msg.config(padx=10,pady=10,bd=10,relief=RAISED)
     msg.config(bg='black',fg=color,font=('times',30,'bold italic'))
 root.title('lxk demo with three win')
 Label(root,text='main win',width=30).pack()
 Button(root,text='quit all',command=root.quit).pack()
 root.mainloop()

1. win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',lambda:None)                           #ignore close,so no meaning to close win by X

如果设置protocol属性为None ，所以我们无法通过X关闭3个窗口

2.关掉一个窗口和对应的子窗口，使用destroy；关掉所有的窗口，使用quit

3.title设置title，iconbitmap设定图标

4.如果设定win=Toplevel（），并且还没有设定Tk root窗口，则此句将默认生成TK root作为Toplevel的主窗口。但是，我们

root=tk（），以上调用将产生产生一个root主窗口

多个按钮放入对话框中

退出按钮：

 """
 a quit button that verifies exit requests to reuse,
 attach an instance to other GUIS,and repack as desired
 """
 from Tkinter import  *
 from tkMessageBox import askokcancel

 class Quitter(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent=None):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent)
         self.pack()
         wid =Button(self,text ='Quit',fg='blue',command =self.quit)
         wid.pack(side =LEFT,expand =YES,fill=BOTH)
     def quit(self):
         ans =askokcancel('verify exit',"readlly quit")
         if ans:
             Frame.quit(self)
 if __name__ =='__main__':
     Quitter().mainloop()

对话框

 """
 define a name:callback demos table
 """
 from tkFileDialog import askopenfilename
 from tkColorChooser import askcolor
 from tkMessageBox import askquestion,showwarning
 from tkSimpleDialog import askfloat

 demos ={
     'open':askopenfilename,
     'Color':askcolor,
     'Query':lambda:askquestion('waring','you type q\n confirm?'),
     'Error':lambda:showerror('error!',"he is here,lxk"),
     'input':lambda:askfloat('entry','entry random float num')
 }

组合对话框：

 "create a bar of simple buttons that launch dialog  demos"
 from Tkinter import *
 from dialogTable import demos
 from quitter import Quitter

 root =Tk()

 class Demo(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
         self.pack(fill=BOTH) #if fill no setting ,
         Label(self,text ="basic demos",fg='black').pack()
         for (key,value) in demos.items():
             Button(self,text=key,fg="blue",command=value).pack(expand =YES,fill=BOTH)
         Quitter(self).pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH)

 if __name__ =='__main__':
     #maindlg=Toplevel(root)
     #maindlg.title('another dlg')
     #maindlg.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')
     #Button(maindlg,text='botton at maingld').pack()

     root.title('demo dlg')
     root.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')
     Demo().mainloop()

把main函数中注释打开，则：

demo dlg是主窗口，关闭则所有窗口关闭。

按钮的回调函数没有传入参数，如果需要传额外的数据到handler，我们需要打包给一个能够保存或者记住这些数据的对象，这个对象完成到实际handler的调用。如何绕过这个限制

答案：使用lambda表达式。

 "create a bar of simple buttons that launch dialog  demos"
 from Tkinter import *
 from dialogTable import demos
 from quitter import Quitter

 root =Tk()

 class Demo(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
         self.pack(fill=BOTH) #if fill no setting ,
         Label(self,text ="basic demos",fg='black').pack()
         for key in demos:
             func = (lambda key =key:self.printit(key))
             Button(self,text=key,fg="blue",command=func).pack(expand =YES,fill=BOTH)
         Quitter(self).pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH)
     def printit(self,name):
         print (name,'returns ==>',demos[name]())

 if __name__ =='__main__':
     root.title('demo dlg')
     root.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')
     Demo().mainloop()

Check demos

 """
 create a bar of check buttons that run dialog demo
 """
 from Tkinter import *
 from dialogTable import demos
 from quitter import Quitter

 class Demo(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent =None,**options):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent=None,**options)
         self.pack()
         self.tools()
         Label(self,text ='check demos').pack()
         self.vars = []
         for key in demos:
             var= IntVar()
             Checkbutton(self,text =key,variable =var,command=demos[key]).pack(side =LEFT)
             self.vars.append(var)
     def report(self):
         for var in self.vars:
             print(var.get())
         print()
     def tools(self):
         frm=Frame(self)
         frm.pack(side =RIGHT)
         Button(frm,text ='state',command =self.report).pack(fill =X)
         Quitter(frm).pack(fill=X)

 if __name__=='__main__':
     Demo().mainloop()

Radiocheck

 "create a group of radio buttons that launch dialog demos"

 from Tkinter import *
 from dialogTable import demos
 from quitter import Quitter

 class Demo(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent =None,**options):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
         self.pack()
         Label(self,text ='radio demos').pack(side =TOP)
         self.var = StringVar()
         for key in demos:
             Radiobutton(self,text =key,command=self.onPress,variable =self.var,
                         value =key).pack(anchor =NW)
         self.var.set(key) #select last to start
         Button(self,text ='state',command=self.report).pack(fill=X)
         Quitter(self).pack(fill=X)
     def onPress(self):
         pick = self.var.get()
         print('you pressed',pick)
         print('result:',demos[pick]())
     def report(self):
         print(self.var.get())
 if __name__=='__main__':
     Demo().mainloop()

scale check

 "create two linked scales used to launch dialog demos"

 from Tkinter import *
 from dialogTable import demos
 from quitter import Quitter

 class Demo(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
         self.pack()
         Label(self,text ='scale demos').pack()
         self.var = IntVar()
         Scale(self,label ='pick demo num',
               command=self.onMove,
               variable=self.var,
               from_=0,to=len(demos)-1).pack()
         Scale(self,label='pick demo number',
               command=self.onMove,
               variable=self.var,
               from_=-100,to=len(demos)-1+100,
               length=200,tickinterval=10,resolution=30,
               showvalue=YES,orient='horizontal').pack()
         Quitter(self).pack(side=RIGHT)
         Button(self,text ='run demo',command=self.onRun).pack(side =LEFT)
         Button(self,text ='state',command=self.report).pack(side=RIGHT)
     def onMove(self,value):
         print('in move',value)
     def onRun(self):
         pos = self.var.get()
         print('you picked',pos)
         demo=list(demos.values())[pos]
         print(demo())

     def report(self):
         print self.var.get()
 if __name__ =='__main__':
     print(list(demos.keys()))
     Demo().mainloop()
         

DemoALL

 """
 4 demo class components(subframes) on one window;
 there are 5 quitter buttons on this one window too,and each kills entire gui
 gui can be resued as frames in container,indenpendent windown or process
 """
 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from Tkinter import *
 from quitter import Quitter
 demosModules =['demoDlg','demoCheck','demoRadio','demoScale']
 parts =[]
 def addComponents(root):
     for demo in demosModules:
         module=__import__(demo)
         part =module.Demo(root)
         part.config(bd=2,relief=GROOVE)
         part.pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill=BOTH)
         parts.append(part)
 def dumpState():
     for part in parts:
         print(part.__module__+':')
         if hasattr(part,'report'):
             part.report()
         else:
             print('none')

 root=Tk()
 root.title('主框架'.decode('gbk'))
 Label(root,text ='多个框结构实例'.decode('gbk'),bg='white').pack()
 Button(root,text ='状态'.decode('gbk'),command=dumpState).pack(fill=X)
 Quitter(root).pack(fill=X)
 addComponents(root)
 root.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')
 root.mainloop()

Buttonbar

 """
 check and radio button bar classes for apps that fetch state later
 pass a list of options ,call state(),variable details automated
 """

 from Tkinter import *
 class Checkbar(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent= None,picks =[],side=LEFT,anchor=W):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent)
         self.vars=[]
         for pick in picks:
             var = IntVar()
             chk =Checkbutton(self,text =pick,variable =var)
             chk.pack(side=side,anchor=anchor,expand=YES)
             self.vars.append(var)
     def state(self):
         return [var.get() for var in self.vars]
 class Radiobar(Frame):
     def __init__(self,parent=None,picks=[],side=LEFT,anchor=W):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent)
         self.var=StringVar()
         self.var.set(picks[0])
         for pick in picks:
             rad =Radiobutton(self,text =pick,value=pick,variable=self.var)
             rad.pack(side=side,anchor=anchor)
     def state(self):
         return self.var.get()

 if __name__=='__main__':
     root=Tk()
     lng=Checkbar(root,['python','C#','Jave','C++'])
     gui=Radiobar(root,['Win','x86','mac'],side =TOP,anchor=NW)
     tgl=Checkbar(root,['All'])

     gui.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y)
     lng.pack(side=TOP,fill=X)
     tgl.pack(side=LEFT)
     lng.config(relief=GROOVE,bd=2)
     gui.config(relief=RIDGE,bd=2)

     def allstates():
         print(gui.state(),lng.state(),tgl.state())
     from quitter import Quitter
     Quitter(root).pack(side=RIGHT)
     Button(root,text ='Peek',command=allstates).pack()
     root.mainloop()

ButtonPic

 from Tkinter import *
 from glob import glob
 import demoCheck
 import random
 gifdir='C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\gif\\'

 def draw():
     name,photo =random.choice(images)
     lbl.config(text =name)
     pix.config(image=photo)

 root =Tk()
 lbl=Label(root,text ='none',bg='blue',fg='red')
 pix=Button(root,text ='press me',command=draw,bg='white')
 lbl.pack(fill=BOTH)
 pix.pack(pady=10)
 demoCheck.Demo(root,relief=SUNKEN,bd=2).pack(fill=BOTH)

 files=glob(gifdir+'*.gif')
 images=[(x,PhotoImage(file=x)) for x in files]
 print files
 root.mainloop()

ListBox

 "a simple customizable scrolled listbox component"
 from Tkinter import *

 class ScrolledList(Frame):
     def __init__(self,options,parent=None):
         Frame.__init__(self,parent)
         self.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)     # make me expandable
         self.makeWidgets(options)
     def handleList(self,event):
         index = self.listbox.curselection()   # on list double-click
         label = self.listbox.get(index)       # fetch selection text
         self.runCommand(label)                # and call action here or get(ACTIVE)

     def makeWidgets(self,options):
         sbar=Scrollbar(self)
         list=Listbox(self,relief=SUNKEN)
         sbar.config(command=list.yview)             #xlink sbar and list
         list.config(yscrollcommand=sbar.set,fg='blue')        # move one moves other
         sbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)                #pack first=clip last
         list.pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill = BOTH) # list clipped first
         pos=0
         for label in options:                       # add to listbox
             list.insert(pos,label)                   # or insert(END,label)
             pos+=1                                   # or enumerate(options)
         #list.config(selectmode=SINGLE,setgrid=1)    # select ,resize modes
         list.bind('<Double-1>',self.handleList)      # set event handler
         list.bind('<Button-1>',self.handleLeftClick) # mouse button clicks
         list.bind('<KeyPress>',self.onkeyPress)      # all key press
         list.bind('<B1-Motion>',self.onLeftDrag)     #click and draw
         self.listbox=list
     def runCommand(self,selection):
         print('you selected:',selection)

     def onkeyPress(self,event):
         print('got key press:',event.char)

     def handleLeftClick(self,event):
         print('mouse button press')
         self.showPosEvent(event)

     def onLeftDrag(self,event):
         print('got left mouse button draw')
         self.showPosEvent(event)

     def showPosEvent(self,event):
         print('widget =%s X=%s, Y=%s' % (event.widget,event.x,event.y))

 if __name__ =='__main__':
     options =(('listbox and event %s' % x) for x in range(20))
     ScrolledList(options).mainloop()