这是一个专题 记录学习python标准库的笔记及心得

简单http服务 SimpleHTTPServer

使用 python -m SimpleHTTPServer 默认启动8000端口

源码:

  1. """Simple HTTP Server.
  3. This module builds on BaseHTTPServer by implementing the standard GET
  4. and HEAD requests in a fairly straightforward manner.
  6. """
  8. __version__ = "0.6"
  10. __all__ = ["SimpleHTTPRequestHandler"]
  12. import os
  13. import posixpath
  14. import BaseHTTPServer
  15. import urllib
  16. import urlparse
  17. import cgi
  18. import sys
  19. import shutil
  20. import mimetypes
  21. try:
  22.     from cStringIO import StringIO
  23. except ImportError:
  24.     from StringIO import StringIO
  26. class SimpleHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
  28.     """Simple HTTP request handler with GET and HEAD commands.
  30.     This serves files from the current directory and any of its
  31.     subdirectories.  The MIME type for files is determined by
  32.     calling the .guess_type() method.
  34.     The GET and HEAD requests are identical except that the HEAD
  35.     request omits the actual contents of the file.
  37.     """
  39.     server_version = "SimpleHTTP/" + __version__
  41.     def do_GET(self):
  42.         """Serve a GET request."""
  43.         f = self.send_head()
  44.         if f:
  45.             try:
  46.                 self.copyfile(f, self.wfile)
  47.             finally:
  48.                 f.close()
  50.     def do_HEAD(self):
  51.         """Serve a HEAD request."""
  52.         f = self.send_head()
  53.         if f:
  54.             f.close()
  56.     def send_head(self):
  57.         """Common code for GET and HEAD commands.
  59.         This sends the response code and MIME headers.
  61.         Return value is either a file object (which has to be copied
  62.         to the outputfile by the caller unless the command was HEAD,
  63.         and must be closed by the caller under all circumstances), or
  64.         None, in which case the caller has nothing further to do.
  66.         """
  67.         path = self.translate_path(self.path)
  68.         f = None
  69.         if os.path.isdir(path):
  70.             parts = urlparse.urlsplit(self.path)
  71.             if not parts.path.endswith('/'):
  72.                 # redirect browser - doing basically what apache does
  73.                 self.send_response(301)
  74.                 new_parts = (parts[0], parts[1], parts[2] + '/',
  75.                              parts[3], parts[4])
  76.                 new_url = urlparse.urlunsplit(new_parts)
  77.                 self.send_header("Location", new_url)
  78.                 self.end_headers()
  79.                 return None
  80.             for index in "index.html", "index.htm":
  81.                 index = os.path.join(path, index)
  82.                 if os.path.exists(index):
  83.                     path = index
  84.                     break
  85.             else:
  86.                 return self.list_directory(path)
  87.         ctype = self.guess_type(path)
  88.         try:
  89.             # Always read in binary mode. Opening files in text mode may cause
  90.             # newline translations, making the actual size of the content
  91.             # transmitted *less* than the content-length!
  92.             f = open(path, 'rb')
  93.         except IOError:
  94.             self.send_error(404, "File not found")
  95.             return None
  96.         try:
  97.             self.send_response(200)
  98.             self.send_header("Content-type", ctype)
  99.             fs = os.fstat(f.fileno())
  100.             self.send_header("Content-Length", str(fs[6]))
  101.             self.send_header("Last-Modified", self.date_time_string(fs.st_mtime))
  102.             self.end_headers()
  103.             return f
  104.         except:
  105.             f.close()
  106.             raise
  108.     def list_directory(self, path):
  109.         """Helper to produce a directory listing (absent index.html).
  111.         Return value is either a file object, or None (indicating an
  112.         error).  In either case, the headers are sent, making the
  113.         interface the same as for send_head().
  115.         """
  116.         try:
  117.             list = os.listdir(path)
  118.         except os.error:
  119.             self.send_error(404, "No permission to list directory")
  120.             return None
  121.         list.sort(key=lambda a: a.lower())
  122.         f = StringIO()
  123.         displaypath = cgi.escape(urllib.unquote(self.path))
  124.         f.write('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">')
  125.         f.write("<html>\n<title>Directory listing for %s</title>\n" % displaypath)
  126.         f.write("<body>\n<h2>Directory listing for %s</h2>\n" % displaypath)
  127.         f.write("<hr>\n<ul>\n")
  128.         for name in list:
  129.             fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
  130.             displayname = linkname = name
  131.             # Append / for directories or @ for symbolic links
  132.             if os.path.isdir(fullname):
  133.                 displayname = name + "/"
  134.                 linkname = name + "/"
  135.             if os.path.islink(fullname):
  136.                 displayname = name + "@"
  137.                 # Note: a link to a directory displays with @ and links with /
  138.             f.write('<li><a href="%s">%s</a>\n'
  139.                     % (urllib.quote(linkname), cgi.escape(displayname)))
  140.         f.write("</ul>\n<hr>\n</body>\n</html>\n")
  141.         length = f.tell()
  142.         f.seek(0)
  143.         self.send_response(200)
  144.         encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
  145.         self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html; charset=%s" % encoding)
  146.         self.send_header("Content-Length", str(length))
  147.         self.end_headers()
  148.         return f
  150.     def translate_path(self, path):
  151.         """Translate a /-separated PATH to the local filename syntax.
  153.         Components that mean special things to the local file system
  154.         (e.g. drive or directory names) are ignored.  (XXX They should
  155.         probably be diagnosed.)
  157.         """
  158.         # abandon query parameters
  159.         path = path.split('?',1)[0]
  160.         path = path.split('#',1)[0]
  161.         # Don't forget explicit trailing slash when normalizing. Issue17324
  162.         trailing_slash = path.rstrip().endswith('/')
  163.         path = posixpath.normpath(urllib.unquote(path))
  164.         words = path.split('/')
  165.         words = filter(None, words)
  166.         path = os.getcwd()
  167.         for word in words:
  168.             if os.path.dirname(word) or word in (os.curdir, os.pardir):
  169.                 # Ignore components that are not a simple file/directory name
  170.                 continue
  171.             path = os.path.join(path, word)
  172.         if trailing_slash:
  173.             path += '/'
  174.         return path
  176.     def copyfile(self, source, outputfile):
  177.         """Copy all data between two file objects.
  179.         The SOURCE argument is a file object open for reading
  180.         (or anything with a read() method) and the DESTINATION
  181.         argument is a file object open for writing (or
  182.         anything with a write() method).
  184.         The only reason for overriding this would be to change
  185.         the block size or perhaps to replace newlines by CRLF
  186.         -- note however that this the default server uses this
  187.         to copy binary data as well.
  189.         """
  190.         shutil.copyfileobj(source, outputfile)
  192.     def guess_type(self, path):
  193.         """Guess the type of a file.
  195.         Argument is a PATH (a filename).
  197.         Return value is a string of the form type/subtype,
  198.         usable for a MIME Content-type header.
  200.         The default implementation looks the file's extension
  201.         up in the table self.extensions_map, using application/octet-stream
  202.         as a default; however it would be permissible (if
  203.         slow) to look inside the data to make a better guess.
  205.         """
  207.         base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
  208.         if ext in self.extensions_map:
  209.             return self.extensions_map[ext]
  210.         ext = ext.lower()
  211.         if ext in self.extensions_map:
  212.             return self.extensions_map[ext]
  213.         else:
  214.             return self.extensions_map['']
  216.     if not mimetypes.inited:
  217.         mimetypes.init() # try to read system mime.types
  218.     extensions_map = mimetypes.types_map.copy()
  219.     extensions_map.update({
  220.         '': 'application/octet-stream', # Default
  221.         '.py': 'text/plain',
  222.         '.c': 'text/plain',
  223.         '.h': 'text/plain',
  224.         })
  226. def test(HandlerClass = SimpleHTTPRequestHandler,
  227.          ServerClass = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer):
  228.     BaseHTTPServer.test(HandlerClass, ServerClass)
  230. if __name__ == '__main__':
  231.     test()

接收GET，HEAD请求

先判断是否是目录，目录不加/会重定向，默认显示目录下的index.html/index.htm文件，如果没有上述文件将目录下文件列表显示

copyfile函数调用shutil基本库，以后再介绍

利用MIME进行文件类型判断

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