参考链接：An Introduction to Laravel Authorization Gates

本文使用 Laravel 的 Gate 授权方式 实现一个基于用户角色的博客发布系统。

在系统包含两个用户角色（作者 和 编辑），它们对应的角色权限如下：

  1. 作者能创建博客
  2. 作者能更新自己的博客
  3. 作者能发布/不发布自己的博客
  4. 作者能删除自己的博客
  5. 编辑能更新所有博客
  6. 编辑能发布/不发布所有博客
  7. 编辑能删除所有博客

创建项目

  1. laravel new blog
  3. > php artisan -V
  4. Laravel Framework 5.4.21

或者使用 composer create-project

  1. composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog

配置数据库连接

修改 .env 文件中的数据库连接信息。

  1. ...
  2. APP_URL=http://localhost
  3. ...
  4. DB_CONNECTION=mysql
  5. DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
  6. DB_PORT=3306
  7. DB_DATABASE=dbname
  8. DB_USERNAME=dbuser
  9. DB_PASSWORD=yoursecretdbuserpassword
  10. ...

数据库部分

创建 Post Model、Post 迁移文件和 Post 控制器。

  1. > php artisan make:model Post -m -c
  2. Model created successfully.
  3. Created Migration: 2017_05_07_083335_create_posts_table
  4. Controller created successfully.

打开迁移文件，补充 up 方法。

  1. Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
  2.     $table->increments('id');
  3.     $table->string('title');
  4.     $table->string('slug')->unique();
  5.     $table->text('body');
  6.     $table->boolean('published')->default(false);
  7.     $table->unsignedInteger('user_id');
  8.     $table->timestamps();
  10.     $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users');
  11. });

添加 roles 表和关系表 user_roles。

  1. roles 表

创建 Role Model 和 Role 迁移文件

  1. > php artisan make:model Role -m
  2. Model created successfully.
  3. Created Migration: 2017_05_07_083537_create_roles_table

打开迁移文件，补充 up 方法。

  1. Schema::create('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
  2.     $table->increments('id');
  3.     $table->string('name');
  4.     $table->string('slug')->unique();
  5.     $table->jsonb('permissions'); // jsonb deletes duplicates
  6.     $table->timestamps();
  7. });
  1. user_roles 表

创建迁移文件

  1. php artisan make:migration create_user_roles_table --create=user_roles

补充 up 方法

  1. public function up()
  2. {
  3.     Schema::create('user_roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
  4.         $table->unsignedInteger('user_id');
  5.         $table->unsignedInteger('role_id');
  6.         $table->timestamps();
  8.         $table->unique(['user_id','role_id']);
  9.         $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
  10.         $table->foreign('role_id')->references('id')->on('roles')->onDelete('cascade');
  11.     });
  12. }
  14. public function down()
  15. {
  16.     Schema::dropIfExists('user_roles');
  17. }

种子类

创建 RolesTableSeeder。

  1. php artisan make:seeder RolesTableSeeder

补充 run 方法。

  1. use App\Role;
  3. class RolesTableSeeder extends Seeder
  4. {
  6.     public function run()
  7.     {
  8.         $author = Role::create([
  9.             'name' => '作家',
  10.             'slug' => 'author',
  11.             'permissions' => [
  12.                 'create-post' => true,
  13.             ]
  14.         ]);
  15.         $editor = Role::create([
  16.             'name' => '编辑',
  17.             'slug' => 'editor',
  18.             'permissions' => [
  19.                 'update-post' => true,
  20.                 'publish-post' => true,
  21.                 'delete-post' => true,
  22.             ]
  23.         ]);
  24.     }
  26. }

在 DatabaseSeeder 中注册 RolesTableSeeder。

  1. $this->call(RolesTableSeeder::class);

User 和 Role Model

添加 Role Model 的内容。

  1. class Role extends Model
  2. {
  3.     protected $fillable = [
  4.         'name', 'slug', 'permissions',
  5.     ];
  6.     protected $casts = [
  7.         'permissions' => 'array',
  8.     ];
  10.     public function users()
  11.     {
  12.         return $this->belongsToMany(User::class, 'user_roles', 'role_id', 'user_id');
  13.     }
  15.     public function hasAccess($permission)
  16.     {
  17.         return $this->hasPermission($permission);
  18.     }
  20.     private function hasPermission($permission)
  21.     {
  22.         return isset($this->permissions[$permission]) ? $this->permissions[$permission] : false;
  23.     }
  24. }

添加 User Model 的内容。

  1. class User extends Authenticatable
  2. {
  3.     use Notifiable;
  5.     protected $fillable = [
  6.         'name', 'email', 'password',
  7.     ];
  9.     protected $hidden = [
  10.         'password', 'remember_token',
  11.     ];
  13.     public function roles()
  14.     {
  15.         return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'user_roles', 'user_id', 'role_id');
  16.     }
  18.     /**
  19.      * Checks if User has access to $permission.
  20.      */
  21.     public function hasAccess($permission)
  22.     {
  23.         // check if the permission is available in any role
  24.         foreach ($this->roles as $role) {
  25.             if($role->hasAccess($permission)) {
  26.                 return true;
  27.             }
  28.         }
  29.         return false;
  30.     }
  32.     /**
  33.      * Checks if the user belongs to role.
  34.      */
  35.     public function inRole($roleSlug)
  36.     {
  37.         return $this->roles()->where('slug', $roleSlug)->count() == 1;
  38.     }
  39. }

执行迁移和数据注入

  1. php artisan migrate --seed

认证系统

  1. > php artisan make:auth
  2. Authentication scaffolding generated successfully.

注册

在 Controllers/Auth/RegisterController.php 创建 showRegistrationForm 方法（覆盖掉在 RegistersUsers trait 中定义）。

  1. Use App/Role;
  3. ...
  5. public function showRegistrationForm()
  6. {
  7.     $roles = Role::orderBy('name')->pluck('name', 'id');
  8.     return view('auth.register', compact('roles'));
  9. }

编辑 resources/views/auth/register.blade.php，添加角色选择项。

  1. ...
  3. <div class="form-group{{ $errors->has('role') ? ' has-error' : '' }}">
  4.     <label for="role" class="col-md-4 control-label">User role</label>
  6.     <div class="col-md-6">
  7.         <select id="role" class="form-control" name="role" required>
  8.             @foreach($roles as $id => $role)
  9.                 <option value="{{ $id }}">{{ $role }}</option>
  10.             @endforeach
  11.         </select>
  13.         @if ($errors->has('role'))
  14.             <span class="help-block">
  15.                 <strong>{{ $errors->first('role') }}</strong>
  16.             </span>
  17.         @endif
  18.     </div>
  19. </div>
  21. ...

更新 RegisterController 中的 validator 方法。

  1. ...
  3. protected function validator(array $data)
  4. {
  5.     return Validator::make($data, [
  6.         'name' => 'required|max:255',
  7.         'email' => 'required|email|max:255|unique:users',
  8.         'password' => 'required|min:6|confirmed',
  9.         'role' => 'required|exists:roles,id', // validating role
  10.     ]);
  11. }
  13. ...

修改 create 方法，加入存储用户角色的业务逻辑。

  1. ...
  3. protected function create(array $data)
  4. {
  5.     $user = User::create([
  6.         'name' => $data['name'],
  7.         'email' => $data['email'],
  8.         'password' => bcrypt($data['password']),
  9.     ]);
  10.     $user->roles()->attach($data['role']);
  11.     return $user;
  12. }
  14. ...

运行项目

浏览器地址栏输入： http://localhost/blog/public/ 。看到欢迎页面、注册用户。

定义策略

修改 app/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php 文件。

  1. use App\Post;
  3. ...
  5. public function boot()
  6. {
  7.     $this->registerPolicies();
  8.     $this->registerPostPolicies();
  9. }
  11. public function registerPostPolicies()
  12. {
  13.     Gate::define('create-post', function ($user) {
  14.         return $user->hasAccess('create-post');
  15.     });
  16.     Gate::define('update-post', function ($user, Post $post) {
  17.         return $user->hasAccess('update-post') or $user->id == $post->user_id;
  18.     });
  19.     Gate::define('publish-post', function ($user, Post $post) {
  20.         return $user->hasAccess('publish-post') or $user->id == $post->user_id;;
  21.     });
  22.     Gate::define('delete-post', function ($user, Post $post) {
  23.         return $user->hasAccess('delete-post') or $user->id == $post->user_id;
  24.     });
  25.     Gate::define('see-all-drafts', function ($user) {
  26.         return $user->inRole('editor');
  27.     });
  28. }

定义路由

修改 routes/web.php。

  1. Route::get('/posts', 'PostController@index')->name('list_posts');
  2. Route::group(['prefix' => 'posts'], function () {
  3.     Route::get('/drafts', 'PostController@drafts')
  4.         ->name('list_drafts')
  5.         ->middleware('auth');
  6.     Route::get('/show/{id}', 'PostController@show')
  7.         ->name('show_post');
  8.     Route::get('/create', 'PostController@create')
  9.         ->name('create_post')
  10.         ->middleware('can:create-post');
  11.     Route::post('/create', 'PostController@store')
  12.         ->name('store_post')
  13.         ->middleware('can:create-post');
  14.     Route::get('/edit/{post}', 'PostController@edit')
  15.         ->name('edit_post')
  16.         ->middleware('can:update-post,post');
  17.     Route::post('/edit/{post}', 'PostController@update')
  18.         ->name('update_post')
  19.         ->middleware('can:update-post,post');
  20.     Route::post('/delete/{post}', 'PostController@destory')
  21.         ->name('delete_post')
  22.         ->middleware('can:delete-post,post');
  23.     // using get to simplify
  24.     Route::get('/publish/{post}', 'PostController@publish')
  25.         ->name('publish_post,post')
  26.         ->middleware('can:publish-post');
  27.     Route::get('/unpublish/{post}', 'PostController@unpublish')
  28.         ->name('unpublish_post')
  29.         ->middleware('can:publish-post,post');
  30. });

博客

Post Model

  1. ...
  3. class Post extends Model
  4. {
  5.     protected $fillable = [
  6.         'title', 'slug', 'body', 'user_id',
  7.     ];
  9.     public function owner()
  10.     {
  11.         return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
  12.     }
  14.     public function scopePublished($query)
  15.     {
  16.         return $query->where('published', true);
  17.     }
  19.     public function scopeUnpublished($query)
  20.     {
  21.         return $query->where('published', false);
  22.     }
  23. }

PostController

博客列表

  1. use App\Post;
  3. ...
  5. public function index()
  6. {
  7.     $posts = Post::published()->latest()->paginate();
  8.     return view('posts.index', compact('posts'));
  9. }
  11. ...

创建 resources/views/posts/index.blade.php

  1. @extends('layouts.app')
  3. @section('content')
  4. <div class="container">
  5.     <div class="row">
  6.         <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
  7.             <div class="panel panel-default">
  8.                 <div class="panel-heading">
  9.                     Posts
  10.                     @can('create-post')
  11.                     <a class="pull-right btn btn-sm btn-primary" href="{{ route('create_post') }}">New</a>
  12.                     @endcan
  13.                 </div>
  15.                 <div class="panel-body">
  16.                     <div class="row">
  17.                     @foreach($posts as $post)
  18.                         <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">
  19.                             <div class="thumbnail">
  20.                             <div class="caption">
  21.                                 <h3><a href="{{ route('show_post', ['id' => $post->id]) }}">{{ $post->title }}</a></h3>
  22.                                 <p>{{ str_limit($post->body, 50) }}</p>
  23.                                 @can('update-post', $post)
  24.                                 <p>
  25.                                     <a href="{{ route('edit_post', ['id' => $post->id]) }}" class="btn btn-sm btn-default" role="button">Edit</a>
  26.                                 </p>
  27.                                 @endcan
  28.                             </div>
  29.                             </div>
  30.                         </div>
  31.                     @endforeach
  32.                     </div>
  33.                 </div>
  34.             </div>
  35.         </div>
  36.     </div>
  37. </div>
  38. @endsection

创建博客

  1. ...
  3. public function create()
  4. {
  5.     return view('posts.create');
  6. }
  8. ...

创建 posts\create.blade.php。

  1. @extends('layouts.app')
  3. @section('content')
  4. <div class="container">
  5.     <div class="row">
  6.         <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
  7.             <div class="panel panel-default">
  8.                 <div class="panel-heading">New Post</div>
  10.                 <div class="panel-body">
  11.                     <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" method="POST" action="{{ route('store_post') }}">
  12.                         {{ csrf_field() }}
  14.                         <div class="form-group{{ $errors->has('title') ? ' has-error' : '' }}">
  15.                             <label for="title" class="col-md-2 control-label">Title</label>
  17.                             <div class="col-md-9">
  18.                                 <input id="title" type="text" class="form-control" name="title" value="{{ old('title') }}" required autofocus>
  19.                                 @if ($errors->has('title'))
  20.                                     <span class="help-block">
  21.                                         <strong>{{ $errors->first('title') }}</strong>
  22.                                     </span>
  23.                                 @endif
  24.                             </div>
  25.                         </div>
  27.                         <div class="form-group{{ $errors->has('body') ? ' has-error' : '' }}">
  28.                             <label for="body" class="col-md-2 control-label">Body</label>
  30.                             <div class="col-md-9">
  31.                                 <textarea name="body" id="body" cols="30" rows="10" class="form-control" required>{{ old('body') }}</textarea>
  32.                                 @if ($errors->has('body'))
  33.                                     <span class="help-block">
  34.                                         <strong>{{ $errors->first('body') }}</strong>
  35.                                     </span>
  36.                                 @endif
  37.                             </div>
  38.                         </div>
  40.                         <div class="form-group">
  41.                             <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-2">
  42.                                 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
  43.                                     Create
  44.                                 </button>
  45.                                 <a href="{{ route('list_posts') }}" class="btn btn-primary">
  46.                                     Cancel
  47.                                 </a>
  48.                             </div>
  49.                         </div>
  50.                     </form>
  51.                 </div>
  52.             </div>
  53.         </div>
  54.     </div>
  55. </div>
  56. @endsection

保存博客

  1. use Auth;
  2. use App\Http\Requests\StorePost as StorePostRequest;
  4. ...
  6. public function store(StorePostRequest $request)
  7. {
  8.     $data = $request->only('title', 'body');
  9.     $data['slug'] = str_slug($data['title']);
  10.     $data['user_id'] = Auth::user()->id;
  11.     $post = Post::create($data);
  12.     return redirect()->route('edit_post', ['id' => $post->id]);
  13. }
  15. ...

创建处理存储博客时使用的请求类 StorePostRequest。

  1. php artisan make:request StorePostRequest

编辑 app/Http/Requests/StorePost.php。

  1. public function authorize()
  2. {
  3.     return true; // gate will be responsible for access
  4. }
  6. public function rules()
  7. {
  8.     return [
  9.         'title' => 'required|unique:posts',
  10.         'body' => 'required',
  11.     ];
  12. }

博客草稿列表

  1. use Gate;
  3. ...
  5. public function drafts()
  6. {
  7.     $postsQuery = Post::unpublished();
  8.     if(Gate::denies('see-all-drafts')) {
  9.         $postsQuery = $postsQuery->where('user_id', Auth::user()->id);
  10.     }
  11.     $posts = $postsQuery->paginate();
  12.     return view('posts.drafts', compact('posts'));
  13. }
  15. ...

创建 posts/drafts.blade.php。

  1. @extends('layouts.app')
  3. @section('content')
  4. <div class="container">
  5.     <div class="row">
  6.         <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
  7.             <div class="panel panel-default">
  8.                 <div class="panel-heading">
  9.                     Drafts <a class="btn btn-sm btn-default pull-right" href="{{ route('list_posts') }}">Return</a>
  10.                 </div>
  12.                 <div class="panel-body">
  13.                     <div class="row">
  14.                     @foreach($posts as $post)
  15.                         <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">
  16.                             <div class="thumbnail">
  17.                             <div class="caption">
  18.                                 <h3><a href="{{ route('show_post', ['id' => $post->id]) }}">{{ $post->title }}</a></h3>
  19.                                 <p>{{ str_limit($post->body, 50) }}</p>
  20.                                 <p>
  21.                                 @can('publish-post', $post)
  22.                                     <a href="{{ route('publish_post', ['id' => $post->id]) }}" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Publish</a>
  23.                                 @endcan
  24.                                     <a href="{{ route('edit_post', ['id' => $post->id]) }}" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Edit</a>
  25.                                 </p>
  26.                             </div>
  27.                             </div>
  28.                         </div>
  29.                     @endforeach
  30.                         <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12">
  31.                             {{ $posts->links() }}
  32.                         </div>
  33.                     </div>
  34.                 </div>
  35.             </div>
  36.         </div>
  37.     </div>
  38. </div>
  39. @endsection

修改 layouts/app.blade.php，添加“草稿”菜单。

  1. ...
  3. <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
  4.     <li>
  5.         <a href="{{ route('list_drafts') }}">Drafts</a>
  7. ...

编辑博客

添加编辑博客的方法 update。

  1. use App\Http\Requests\UpdatePostRequest as UpdatePostRequest;
  3. ...
  5. public function edit(Post $post)
  6. {
  7.     return view('posts.edit', compact('post'));
  8. }
  10. public function update(Post $post, UpdatePostRequest $request)
  11. {
  12.     $data = $request->only('title', 'body');
  13.     $data['slug'] = str_slug($data['title']);
  14.     $post->fill($data)->save();
  15.     return back();
  16. }

创建处理更新博客时使用的请求类 UpdatePostRequest。

  1. php artisan make:request UpdatePostRequest

编辑 app/Http/Requests/UpdatePostRequest.php

  1. use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
  3. ...
  5. public function authorize()
  6. {
  7.     return true;
  8. }
  10. public function rules()
  11. {
  12.     $id = $this->route('post')->id;
  13.     return [
  14.         'title' => [
  15.             'required',
  16.             Rule::unique('posts')->where('id', '<>', $id),
  17.         ],
  18.         'body' => 'required',
  19.     ];
  20. }

创建视图 posts/edit.blade.php。

  1. @extends('layouts.app')
  3. @section('content')
  4. <div class="container">
  5.     <div class="row">
  6.         <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
  7.             <div class="panel panel-default">
  8.                 <div class="panel-heading">Update Post</div>
  10.                 <div class="panel-body">
  11.                     <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" method="POST" action="{{ route('update_post', ['post' => $post->id]) }}">
  12.                         {{ csrf_field() }}
  14.                         <div class="form-group{{ $errors->has('title') ? ' has-error' : '' }}">
  15.                             <label for="title" class="col-md-2 control-label">Title</label>
  17.                             <div class="col-md-9">
  18.                                 <input id="title" type="text" class="form-control" name="title" value="{{ old('title', $post->title) }}" required autofocus>
  20.                                 @if ($errors->has('title'))
  21.                                     <span class="help-block">
  22.                                         <strong>{{ $errors->first('title') }}</strong>
  23.                                     </span>
  24.                                 @endif
  25.                             </div>
  26.                         </div>
  28.                         <div class="form-group{{ $errors->has('body') ? ' has-error' : '' }}">
  29.                             <label for="body" class="col-md-2 control-label">Body</label>
  31.                             <div class="col-md-9">
  32.                                 <textarea name="body" id="body" cols="30" rows="10" class="form-control" required>{{ old('body', $post->body) }}</textarea>
  33.                                 @if ($errors->has('body'))
  34.                                     <span class="help-block">
  35.                                         <strong>{{ $errors->first('body') }}</strong>
  36.                                     </span>
  37.                                 @endif
  38.                             </div>
  39.                         </div>
  41.                         <div class="form-group">
  42.                             <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-2">
  43.                                 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
  44.                                     Update
  45.                                 </button>
  46.                                 @can('publish-post', $post)
  47.                                     @if (!$post->published)
  48.                                         <a href="{{ route('publish_post', ['post' => $post->id]) }}" class="btn btn-primary">
  49.                                             Publish
  50.                                         </a>
  51.                                     @else
  52.                                         <a href="{{ route('unpublish_post', ['post' => $post->id]) }}" class="btn btn-primary">
  53.                                             Unpublish
  54.                                         </a>
  55.                                     @endif
  56.                                 @endcan
  57.                                 <a href="{{ route('list_posts') }}" class="btn btn-primary">
  58.                                     Cancel
  59.                                 </a>
  60.                             </div>
  61.                         </div>
  62.                     </form>
  63.                 </div>
  64.             </div>
  65.         </div>
  66.     </div>
  67. </div>
  68. @endsection

发布草稿/不发布草稿

为 PostController 添加方法 publish 和 unpublish。

  1. ...
  3. public function publish(Post $post)
  4. {
  5.     $post->published = true;
  6.     $post->save();
  7.     return redirect()->route('show_post', ['post' => $post->id]);
  8. }
  10. public function unpublish(Post $post)
  11. {
  12.     $post->published = false;
  13.     $post->save();
  14.     return back();
  15. }
  17. ...

展示博客

  1. public function show(Post $post)
  2. {
  3.     $post = Post::findOrFail($id);
  4.     if ($post->published || $post->user_id == Auth::user()->id) {
  5.         return view('posts.show', compact('post'));
  6.     }
  7.     abort(403, 'Unauthorized.');
  8. }

创建 posts/show.blade.php。

  1. @extends('layouts.app')
  3. @section('content')
  4. <div class="container">
  5.     <div class="row">
  6.         <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
  7.             <div class="panel panel-default">
  8.                 <div class="panel-heading">
  9.                     {{ $post->title }}
  10.                     <a class="btn btn-sm btn-default pull-right" href="{{ route('list_posts') }}">Return</a>
  11.                 </div>
  13.                 <div class="panel-body">
  14.                     {{ $post->body }}
  15.                 </div>
  16.             </div>
  17.         </div>
  18.     </div>
  19. </div>
  20. @endsection

删除博客

修改 PostController，添加 destory 方法。

  1. public function destory(Post $post)
  2. {
  3.     $post->delete();
  4.     return redirect()->route('list_post');;
  5. }

修改 posts/edit.blade.php，添加删除按钮。

  1. ...
  3. <div class="panel-heading">Update Post
  4.     @can('delete-post', $post)
  5.         <a class="pull-right btn btn-sm btn-danger" href="{{ route('delete_post', ['id' => $post->id]) }}"
  6.            onclick="if(confirm('确定删除吗？') === false) { return false; } else {
  7.            event.preventDefault(); document.getElementById('delete-post-form').submit();}">
  8.             删除
  9.         </a>
  10.         <form id="delete-post-form" action="{{ route('delete_post', ['post' => $post->id]) }}" method="POST" style="display: none;">
  11.             {{ csrf_field() }}
  12.         </form>
  13.     @endcan
  14. </div>
  16. ...

404 & 403

在 resources/views 下新建 errors 目录，再在该目录下新建 404.blade.php 和 403.blade.php 页面。

404

  1. @extends('layouts.app')
  3. @section('content')
  4. <div class="container">
  5.     <div class="row">
  6.         <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
  7.             <div class="panel panel-default">
  8.                 <div class="panel-heading">404</div>
  10.                 <div class="panel-body">
  11.                     <h2>Not Found</h2>
  12.                 </div>
  13.             </div>
  14.         </div>
  15.     </div>
  16. </div>
  17. @endsection

403

  1. @extends('layouts.app')
  3. @section('content')
  4. <div class="container">
  5.     <div class="row">
  6.         <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
  7.             <div class="panel panel-default">
  8.                 <div class="panel-heading">403</div>
  10.                 <div class="panel-body">
  11.                     <h2>This Action is Unauthorized！</h2>
  12.                 </div>
  13.             </div>
  14.         </div>
  15.     </div>
  16. </div>
  17. @endsection

使用 Markdown

这里要安装依赖包 erusev/parsedown，使用它将 Markdown 文本装换为 HTML。

  1. composer require erusev/parsedown

修改 posts/show.blade.php

  1. <div class="panel-body">
  2.     {!! Parsedown::instance()->text($post->body) !!}
  3. </div>

此刻，你就可以使用 Markdown 写博客了。

tags: Laravel 项目

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