intel 82599网卡(ixgbe系列)术语表

  Intel 82599 10 GbE Controller Datasheet  

15.0 Glossary and Acronyms 术语表

 

缩写	英文解释	中文解释
1 KB	A value of 1 KB equals 1024 bytes.
1’s complement	A system known as ones' complement can be used to represent negative numbers in a binary system. The ones' complement form of a negative binary number is the bitwise NOT applied to it.
2’s complement	A system of two's-complement arithmetic represents negative integers by counting backwards and wrapping around. Any number whose left-most bit is 1 is considered negative.	two's-complement　二进制补码 arithmetic 　算法 negative integers 负整数 最左 left-most
1000BASE-BX	1000BASE-BX is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 1 Gb/s Ethernet or 1 Gb/s fibre channel encoded data over the backplane.	PICMG是工业计算机制造协会 https://www.picmg.org/ 1000BASE-BX是这个组织指定的传输规范
1000BASE-T	1000BASE-T is the specification for 1 Gb/s Ethernet over category 5e twisted pair cables as defined in IEEE 802.3 clause 40. 1000BASE有四种传输介质标準：1000BASE-LX、1000BASE-SX、1000BASE-CX、1000BASE-T。	1000BASE-T使用非禁止双绞线作为传输介质传输的最长距离是100米。1000BASE-T不支持8B/10B编码方式， 而是採用更加複杂的编码方式。1000BASE-T的优点是用户可以在原来100BASE-T的基础上进行平滑升级到1000BASE-T。1000Base-T技术能在五类线(通过TSB-95认证)上提供1000Mbps的传输频宽，而五类线是在LAN体系中最广泛採用的物理媒体。IEEE的标準化委员会在1999年6月正式批准1000Base-T成为一种以太网标准
1000BASE-BX	1000BASE-BX is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 1 Gb/s Ethernet or 1 Gb/s Fibre Channel encoded data over the backplane.	电气规范　electrical specification fibre channel  光纤信道,光纤信道是一种高速网络技术标准（T11），主要应用于SAN（存储局域网）
1000BASE-CX	1000BASE-CX over specially shielded 150 W balanced copper jumper cable assemblies as specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 39.	IEEE 802.3标准协议描述的是多种介质在1-10mb/s局域网解决方案（以太网）
10GBASE-BX4	10GBASE-BX4 is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 10 Gb/s Ethernet or 10 Gb/s Fibre Channel encoded data over the backplane.
10GBASE-CX4	10GBASE-CX4 over shielded 100 W balanced copper jumper cable assemblies as specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 54.
AAD	Additional Authentication Data input, which is authenticated data that must be left un-encrypted. ACK Acknowledgement
ACK	Acknowledgement
ACPI	Advanced Configuration and Power Interface — ACPI reset is also known as D3hot-D0 transition. AEN Address Enable
AER	Advanced Error Reporting
AFE	Analog Front End
AH	IP Authentication Header — An IPsec header providing authentication capabilities defined in RFC 2402 For an example of an AH packet diagram see below: • Next Header: Identifies the protocol of the transferred data. • Payload Length: Size of AH packet. • RESERVED: Reserved for future use (all zero until then). • Security Parameters Index (SPI): Identifies the security parameters, which, in combination with the IP address, then identify the Security Association implemented with this packet. • Sequence Number: Monotonically increasing number, used to prevent replay attack • Authentication Data: Contains the integrity check value (ICV) necessary to authenticate the packet; it may contain padding.
AN	Auto negotiation	Auto-Negotiation可以看作成一种主动地协商方式,具有这种功能的设备会主动与对方协商,并且 等待对端返回协商结果,它不仅能够协商两端的工作速度
AN	Association Number
APIC	Advanced Programming Interrupt Controller	高级可编程中断控制器(Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)) 一个中断控制器架构,通常多见于 Intel32 位架构(IntelArchitecture-based 32-bit)的 PC 系统
APM	Advanced Power Management	高级电源管理
APT	Advanced Pass Through mode
ARI	Alternative Routing ID capability structure– This is a new capability that allows an interpretation of the Device and Function fields as a single identification of a function within the bus.	Alternative Routing-ID Interpretation,顾名思义,可替换的Routing ID,意味着这是一种要把Routing ID的部分或全部替换掉的机制
ARP	Address Resolution Protocol	地址转换协议, ARP是一个通过解析网络层地址来找寻数据链路层地址的网络传输协议
b/w or BW	Bandwidth	带宽，频宽，带宽值，频宽值
backbone	A bus shared by many clients for example a management backbone or a host backbone	一个被很多客户端共享的总线 host backbone 主机主干 backbone 主干的意思  Internet骨干网(Internet backbone)
BAR	Base Address Register	基址寄存器
BCN	Backward Congestion Notification	向后拥塞通知
BCNA	BCN Address
BDF	Bus/Device/Function
BER	Bit Error Rate	误码率; 位错误率; 位误码率; 比特差错率; 比特错误率
BIOS	Basic Input/Output System.	基础的输入输出系统
BIST	Built-In Self Test	内建自检
BKM	Best Known Method
BMC	Baseboard Management Controller	BMC(Baseboard Management Controller)即基板管理控制器，是IPMI(Intelligent Platform Management Interface)协议即智能平台管理接口所定义的服务器管理体系中的核心组件
BME	Bus Master Enable	PCIe有个寄存器位　Bus Master Enable。这个bit置1后,PCIe设备就可以向Host发送DMA Read Memory和DMA Write Memory请求
BT	Byte Time.	字节时间
BYTE alignment	Implies that the physical addresses can be odd or even. Examples: 0FECBD9A1h, 02345ADC6h.	BYTE alignment　字节对齐（这个资料很多）
BWG	Bandwidth Group	bandwidth 带宽
CA		Secure Connectivity Association (CA): A security relationship, established and maintained by key agreement protocols, that comprises a fully connected subset of the service access points in stations attached to a single LAN that are to be supported by LinkSec.
CAM	Content Addressable Memory
Ciphertext	Encrypted data, whose length is exactly that of the plaintext.
CFI	Canonical Form Indicator
CM-Tag	Congestion Management tag
concurrency	The concurrent (simultaneous) execution of multiple interacting computational tasks. These tasks may be implemented as separate programs, or as a set of processes or threads created by a single program.	并发
corner case	A problem or situation that occurs only outside of normal operating parameters — specifically one that manifests itself when multiple environmental variables or conditions are simultaneously at extreme levels. For example, a computer server may be unreliable, but only with the maximum complement of 64 processors, 512 GB of memory, and over 10,000 signed-on users. From Wiki.	边界情况
CPID	Congestion Point Identifier –which should include the congestion point Ethernet MAC Address, as well as a local identifier for the local congestion entity, usually a queue in the switch.	拥塞点标识
CRC	Cyclic Redundancy Check A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a type of function that takes as input a data stream of unlimited length and produces as output a value of a certain fixed size. The term CRC is often used to denote either the function or the function's output. A CRC can be used in the same way as a checksum to detect accidental alteration of data during transmission or storage. CRCs are popular because they are simple to implement in binary hardware, are easy to analyze mathematically, and are particularly good at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels. From Wiki	循环冗余检验,是基于数据计算一组效验码,用于核对数据传输过程中是否被更改或传输错误
CRS	Carrier Sense Indication.	载波感应指示
CSMA/CD		802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Domain Ethernet LCI-2 Interface to an external LAN Connected Device to provide wired LAN connectivity.
CSR	Control / Status Register	控制状态寄存器   CSR，全称为：Control and Status Register，寄存器的缩写
CTS	Cisco Trusted Security	思科可信安全
D0a D0 Active	Active fully operational state. Once memory space is enabled all internal clocks are activated and the LAN Controller enters an active state.	针对acpi( PCI 电源管理)电源管理协议,ACPI主要是从硬件抽象的角度来抽象硬件 ACPI即高级​​电源​​管理 D状态（Device state） 应该说是外围设备状态： D0：设备正常工作； D1：可以减小部分功耗，由设备本身决定，有些设备没有D1状态； D2：设备关闭部分功能，节约更多的功耗，同样由设备本身决定，有些设备没有D2状态； D3：设备电源被完全关闭，重新想让设备工作的话除了说要给设备供电，还要重新做初始化操作。 ACPI协议所定义的计算机电源的几种管理状态 G状态（Global System State） S状态（Sleep state） C状态（CPU power state） P状态（CPU Performance state） D状态（Device state） T状态（CPU Throttling state） 官方工作组: https://acpica.org/ https://acpica.org/downloads/
D0u D0 uninitialized	The D0u state is a low-power state used after PCI Reset (SPXB Reset) is de-asserted following power up (cold or warm), or on D3 exit.	针对acpi,D0u是一个低功耗状态会被设置，在pci被重置之后
D3Hot	In D3 the LAN Controller only responds to PCI configuration accesses and does not generate master　cycles.	针对acpi( PCI 电源管理),D3(关)设备电源状态拆分为两个子状态：D3hot 和 D3cold 这种区分已添加到ACPI 3.0 中的 ACPI 规范，并在 ACPI 4.0 中扩展
D3Cold	Power Off if Vcc is removed from the device and all of its PCI functions transition immediately to D3 cold. When power is restored a PCI Reset must be asserted.	针对acpi( PCI 电源管理),D3(关)设备电源状态拆分为两个子状态：D3hot 和 D3cold 将设备置于 D3cold 并不意味着已切断供给设备的所有电源 — 它仅表示切断了主电源 Vcc。如果唤醒逻辑不需要辅助电源Vaux，也可能会将其切断
Dr	Internal Power management state when minimal function is provided (WoL, Manageability)
DA	Destination Address	目的地址
DAC	Digital to Analog Converter	数字模拟转换器
DAC	Dual Address Cycle messages	双地址循环消息(DAC芯片)
Data Frame	FC Frames that carry read or write data.	Fibre Channel 光纤通道（Fibre Channel可以称为FC协议，或FC网络、FC互联） FC帧－光纤通道帧 FC协议栈 FC-0：连接物理介质的界面、电缆等；定义编码和解码的标准。 FC-1：传输协议层或数据链接层，编码或解码信号。 FC-2：网络层，光纤通道的核心, 定义了帧、流控制、和服务质量等。 FC-3：定义了常用服务，如数据加密和压缩。 FC-4：协议映射层，定义了光纤通道和上层应用之间的接口，上层应用比如：串行SCSI 协 议，HBA卡的驱动提供了FC-4 的接口函数。 FC-4 支持多协议，如：FCP-SCSI，FC-IP，FC-VI。
DBU	Data Buffer Unit	数据缓冲单元
DCA	Direct Cache Access	直接内存访问
DCB	Data Center Bridging.	IEEE 提出的数据中心桥接技术 主要包含IEEE 802.1Qbb Priority-based Flow Control（PFC）、IEEE 802.3bd Frame Format for RFC、IEEE 802.1Qaz Enhanced Transmission Selection（ETS） and Data Center Bridging eXchange（DCBX）、IEEE 802.1Qau Congestion Notification、IEEE 802.1Qbh Port Extender。 DCB技术是针对传统以太网的一种增强，为了实现以太网不丢包，这种增强型的以太网叫无损以太网，顾名思义就是保证以太网络不丢包。实现这种网络的目的为了解决FCOE（Fibre Channel Over Ethernet：简单的说就是最新的融合网络技术、使传统存储FC网络协议可以在以太网络中运行的一个新技术，这种新协议叫FCOE）协议在以太网络中传输时保证不丢包。因为FCOE技术实际上就是运行在以太网的FC协议，而FC协议是不允许丢包的，所以为了实现FCOE协议在以太网传输不丢包，引入了DCB增强以太网技术。最终实现以太网和新的存储协议FCOE都能在以太网络中正常运行。所以把这样的网络称为融合网络。
DCX	DCB Configuration Exchange protocol	DCB=PFC + ETS DCBX 数据中心桥能力交换协议(Data Center Bridging Exchange Protocol)
DDP	Direct Data placement	Direct Data Placement,简称为DDP,是iWARP协议栈的核心成员  https://www.freepatentsonline.com/7012918.pdf
DFT	Testability	可测试性
DFX	Design for *
DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP)
DLLP	Data Link Layer Packet /PCIe	数据链路层包（ACK/NAK协议），DLLP一般指的是由发送端的数据链路层发送，接收端的数据链路层接收的数据包 一般用于Ack/Nak机制、功耗管理、Flow Control（流量控制）和一些厂商自定义用途 DLLP的格式是固定的，一共有8个字节，包括Framing（SDP & END）。和TLP不一样的地方是，DLLP并未携带任何路由信息，原因很简单，因为DLLP只在相邻的两个设备的数据链路层之间通信，根本不需要路由。并且DLLP一般也不需要和事务层交换信息
DMTF NC-SI	Distributed Management Task Force BMC-NIC interconnect for management	https://www.dmtf.org/documents/pmci/network-controller-sideband-interface-nc-si-specification-100 　Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) 6 Specification https://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0222_1.0.0.pdf
DQ	Descriptor Queue.	描述符队列
DSP	Digital Signal Processor	数字信号处理器
DUT	Device Under Test	集成电路(IC)  DUT 芯片验证环境
DWORD (Double-Word) alignment	Implies that the physical addresses may only be aligned on 4-byte boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of the address may only end in 0, 4, 8, or Ch. For example, 0FECBD9A8h.	DWORD 字节对齐
EAPOL	Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN	EAPOL 的全称为 Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN，即 EAP Over Lan，也即基于局域网的扩展认证协议。EAP是一个普遍使用的认证机制，它常被用于无线网络或点到点的连接中。EAP不仅可以用于无线局域网，而且可以用于有线局域网。EAP是一个认证框架，不是一个特殊的认证机制。EAP提供一些公共的功能，并且允许协商所希望的认证机制。这些机制被叫做EAP方法，现在大约有40种不同的方法
EAS	External Architecture Specification.	Protocol Specification (协议规格)  External Architecture Specification.外部架构规范
ECC	Error Correction Coding	纠错编码,ECC是“Error Correcting Code”的简写，ECC是一种能够实现“错误检查和纠正”的技术，ECC内存就是应用了这种技术的内存，一般多应用在服务器及图形工作站上，可提高计算机运行的稳定性和增加可靠性
ECRC	End to End CRC	循环冗余校验(CRC)   End to End 端到端  END-To-END Testing  端到端测试
EDB	End Data Bit	Intel的防病毒技术是EDB（Excute Disable Bit）
ECC	Error Correction Coding	ECC是一种能够实现“错误检查和纠正”的技术
EEPROM	Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory. A non-volatile memory located on the LAN controller that is directly accessible from the host.	电可擦编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
EHS	External Heat Sink	外部散热片 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/heatsinks
EOP	End-Of-Packet; when set indicates the last descriptor making up the packet.	End-Of-Packet　结束包   例如：FIN --- 结束标志,ACK --- 确认标志,不同的数据包结束包标记可能不一样 End-Of-Packet; when set indicates the last descriptor making up the packet. 当设置结束包时，表示构成数据包的最后一个描述符
EP	End point	端点,终端
ESN	Extended Sequence Number	扩展的序列号
E-SOF	FCoE Start of Frame	FCoE：Fibre Channel over Ethernet　以太网光纤通道 　FC：Fibre Channel　　光纤通道 　FCoE是一个把Fibre Channel(FC)中的帧(Frame)封装到一个增强的以太网(Ethernet)中的传输协议标准,它应用与组件存储网络
ESP	IP Encapsulating Security Payload — An IPsec header providing encryption and authentication capabilities defined in RFC 4303. The Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) extension header provides origin authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality protection of a packet. ESP also supports encryption only and authentication-only configurations, but using encryption without authentication is strongly discouraged. Unlike the AH header, the IP packet header is not accounted for. ESP operates directly on top of IP, using IP protocol number 50. ESP fields: • Security Parameters Index (SPI): See AH • Sequence Number: See AH • Payload Data: See AH • Padding: Used with some block ciphers to pad the data to the full length of a block. • Pad Length: Size of padding in bytes. • Next Header: Identifies the protocol of the transferred data. • Authentication Data: Contains the data used to authenticate the packet.
EUI	IEEE defined 64-bit Extended Unique Identifier	IEEE：电气和电子工程师协会 １．ieee定义了６４位的扩展唯一标识，以太网接口的接口标识(Interface Identifier)是基于EUI-64(64-bit extended unique identifier)标识的。而该网卡的EUI-64标识是由网卡内建的48位IEEE802地址扩展的 ２．64 位 EUI 64 地址是由电气和电子工程师协会 (IEEE) 定义的。将 EUI-64 地址指派给网络适配器，或从 IEEE802 地址派生得到该地 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7421
Extension Header	IPv6 protocol.	扩展报头, 扩展首部，ipv6协议
Fail-over	fail-over is the ability to detect that the LAN connection on one port is lost, and enable the other port for traffic.	故障切换,：这是一种能力，当检测到局域网连接在某端口出现问题时，会启用其他端口来进行传输
FC	Fiber Channel	光纤通道
FC	Flow Control.	流程控制
FCoE	Fiber Channel over Ethernet	以太网光纤通道
FC Exchange	Complete Fiber Channel Read or Fiber Channel Write flow. It starts with the read or write requests by the initiator (the host system) till the completion indication from the target (the remote disk).
FCS	Frame Check Sequence of Ethernet frames	帧检测：以太网的帧队列
FC Sequence	A Fiber Channel Exchange is composed of multiple Fiber Channel sequences. ......	fc队列 A Fiber Channel Exchange is composed of multiple Fiber Channel sequences Fiber Channel Sequence can be a single or multiple frames that are sent by the initiator or the target. Each FC Sequence has a unique “Sequence ID”
FC Frame	Fiber Channel Frames are the smallest units sent between the initiator and the target. The FC-FS-2 spec define the maximum frame size as 2112 bytes. Each Fiber Channel frame includes an FC header and optional FC payload. It can also may include Extended headers and FC optional headers. Extended headers are not expected in FCoE network and FC optional headers may not be used as well.
FCP_RSP Frame	Fiber Channel control Frames that are sent from the target to the initiator which defines the completion of an FC read or write exchange.
FEC	Forward Error Correction
FEXT	Far End Crosstalk
Firmware (FW)	Embedded code on the LAN controller that is responsible for the implementation of the NC-SI protocol and pass through functionality	固件

缩写	英文解释	中文解释
FLR	Function level reset An OS in a VM must have complete control over a device, including its initialization, without interfering with the rest of the functions.
FML	Fast Management Link	快速管理链接
Fragment Header	An IPv6 extension Header	ipv6扩展帧头
Frame	A unit composed of headers, data and footers that are sent or received by a device. Same as a Packet	帧：由单元组成的头部，数据和尾部 所谓数据帧（Data frame），就是数据链路层的协议数据单元，它包括三部分：帧头，数据部分，帧尾。其中，帧头和帧尾包含一些必要的控制信息，比如同步信息、地址信息、差错控制信息等；数据部分则包含网络层传下来的数据，比如IP数据包，等等。
FSM	Finite State Machine	有限状态机
FTS	Fast Training Sequence	快速训练序列
GbE	Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z-1998)	千兆比以太网; 千兆网; 千兆以太网; 千兆位以太网; 吉比特以太网
GMRP	GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (Cisco)	GARP组播注册协议
GPIO	General Purpose I/O	GPIO：通用输入输出口(general-purpose I/O port)--就是引脚 GPIO的优点(端口扩展器) 　　低功耗：GPIO具有更低的功率损耗(大约1μA，μC的工作电流则为100μA)。 　　集成IIC从机接口：GPIO内置IIC从机接口，即使在待机模式下也能够全速工作。 　　小封装：GPIO器件提供最小的封装尺寸 ― 3mm x 3mm QFN! 　　低成本：您不用为没有使用的功能买单！ 　　快速上市：不需要编写额外的代码、文档，不需要任何维护工作！ 　　灵活的灯光控制：内置多路高分辨率的PWM输出。 　　可预先确定响应时间：缩短或确定外部事件与中断之间的响应时间。 　　更好的灯光效果：匹配的电流输出确保均匀的显示亮度。 　　布线简单：仅需使用2条IIC总线或3条SPI总线。
GSP	Group Strict Priority	GSP算法是一个典型的序列模式挖掘算法
HBA	Host Bus Adapters （主机总线适配器）	FC网卡（Fibre Channel HBA）：一般也叫光纤网卡，传输协议为光纤通道协议 以太网卡：Ethernet　Adapter　,传输协议为IP协议,一般通过光纤线缆或双绞线与以太网交换机连接。接口类型分为光口和电口。光口一般都是通过光纤线缆来进行数据传输，接口模块一般为SFP(传输率2Gb/s)和GBIC(1Gb/s),对应的接口为SC、ST和LC。电口目前常用接口类型为RJ45,用来与双绞线连接 ISCSI网卡（ISCSI　HBA）
Host Interface	RAM on the LAN controller that is shared between the firmware and the host. RAM is used to pass commands from the host to firmware and responses from the firmware to the host.
HPC	High — Performance Computing.
HT core option	Hyper Thread Intel's trademark for implementation of the simultaneous multithreading technology on the Pentium 4 microarchitecture. It is a more advanced form of Super-threading that debuted on the Intel Xeon processors and was later added to Pentium 4 processors. The technology improves processor performance under certain workloads by providing useful work for execution units that would otherwise be idle, for example during a cache miss. A Pentium 4 with Hyper-Threading enabled is treated by the operating system as two processors instead of one. From Wiki
I2C	Two Serial Management Interfaces	I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)总线是用于连接微控制器及其外围设备  注意SPI、I2C、UART三种串行总线协议的区别
IANA	Internet Assigned Number Authority	因特网号码分配管理机构
ICV	128-bits Integrity Check Value (referred also as authentication tag). used for LinkSec header and signature
IDS	Intrusion detection systems	入侵检测系统 Intrusion 入侵
IFCS	Insert Frame Check Sequence of Ethernet frames	Ethernet frames 以太网帧
IFS	Inter Frame Spacing	帧间距(IFS(InterFrame Spacing) 802.11中的帧间距不仅仅是连续发送的各帧之间用于彼此区分的间隔,还是对不同类型数据帧提供不同服务优先级的重要组成部分,是DCF机制重要的一部分)
IKE	Internet Key Exchange	Internet密钥交换(IKE)是由Internet工程任务组(IETF)创建的一组支持协议
IOAT	I/O Acceleration Technology	i/o 加速技术
IOH	I/O Hub	IOH=Input Output Hub，也就是传统意义上部分北桥的功能，通过QPI总线与CPU相连 因为Intel的CPU已经把内存控制器（MCH）总线集成进了CPU，也就是说把传统意义上的北桥做进了CPU里。并不是MCH变成了IOH，而是MCH已经不需要存在在主板上了。IOH的功能已经逐渐整合到CPU中． 请查下: FSB总线(前端总线),HT总线（高速串行总线）,QPI总线（快速互联通道）,DMI总线（直接媒体接口，是Intel公司开发用于连接主板南北桥的总线，取代了以前的Hu）.
IOV	Input Output Virtualization
IOV mode	Operating through an IOVM or IOVI
IOVI	I/O Virtual Intermediary: A special virtual machine that owns the physical device and is responsible for the configuration of the physical device. Also Known As IOVM
IOVM	I/O Virtual Machine: A special virtual machine that owns the physical device and is responsible for the configuration of the physical device. Also Known As IOVI
IP tunneling	IP tunneling is the process of embedding one IP packet inside of another, for the purpose of simulating a physical connection between two remote networks across an intermediate network. IP tunnels are often used in conjunction with IPSec protocol to create a VPN between two or more remote networks across a "hostile" network such as the Internet.
IPC	Inter Processor Communication.
IP — CPMP	Carrier Performance Measurement Plan
IPG	Inter Packet Gap
ip sec	IP security) is a suite of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and/or encrypting each IP packet in a data stream. IPsec also includes protocols for cryptographic key establishment. IPsec is implemented by a set of cryptographic protocols for (1) securing packet flows and (2) internet key exchange. There are two families of key exchange protocols. The IP security architecture uses the concept of a security association as the basis for building security functions into IP. A security association is simply the bundle of algorithms and parameters (such as keys) that is being used to encrypt a particular flow. The actual choice of algorithm is left up to the users. A security parameter index (SPI) is provided along with the destination address to allow the security association for a packet to be looked up. For multicast, therefore, a security association is provided for the group, and is duplicated across all authorized receivers of the group. There may be more than one security association for a group, using different SPIs, thereby allowing multiple levels and sets of security within a group. Indeed, each sender can have multiple security associations, allowing authentication, since a receiver can only know that someone knowing the keys sent the data. Note that the standard doesn't describe how the association is chosen and duplicated across the group; it is assumed that a responsible party will make the choice. From Wiki
iSCSI	Internet SCSI (iSCSI) is a network protocol standard, officially ratified on 2003-02-11 by the Internet Engineering Task Force, that allows the use of the SCSI protocol over TCP/IP networks. iSCSI is a transport layer protocol in the SCSI-3 specifications framework. Other protocols in the transport layer include SCSI Parallel Interface (SPI), Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Fibre Channel. From Wiki.	iSCSI是网络协议的标准
ISR	Interrupt Service Routine	中断服务程序; 中断服务例程
ITR	Interrupt Throttling
IV	Integrity Value
IV	Initialization Vector
IV	Initial Value
KaY	Key agreement entity (KaY – in 802.1AE spec terminology) i.e. control and access the off loading engine (SecY in 802.1AE spec terminology)
KVM	Keyboard — Video — Mouse
LAN Auxiliary Power-Up	The event of connecting the LAN controller to a power source (occurs even before system power-up).
landing Zone requirements	General targets for the product.
LF	Local Fault
LinkSec (or MACsec, 802.1AE)	A MAC level encryption/authentication scheme defined in IEEE 802.1AE that uses symmetric cryptography. The 802.1AE defines an AES-GCM 128 bit key as a mandatory cipher suite which can be processed by the LAN controller.
LLC header	802.2 defines a special header that includes a SNAP (subnetwork access protocol) header. Some protocols, particularly those designed for the OSI networking stack, operate directly on top of 802.2 LLC, which provides both datagram and connection-oriented network services. This 802.2 header is currently embedded in modern 802.3 frames (Ethernet II frames, aka. DIX frames). The LLC header includes two additional eight-bit address fields, called service access points or SAPs in OSI terminology; when both source and destination SAP are set to the value 0xAA, the SNAP service is requested. The SNAP header allows EtherType values to be used with all IEEE 802 protocols, as well as supporting private protocol ID spaces. In IEEE 802.3x-1997, the IEEE Ethernet standard was changed to explicitly allow the use of the 16-bit field after the Ethernet MAC Addresses to be used as a length field or a type field. This definition is from Wiki
LLDP	Link Layer Discovery Protocol
LLINT	Low Latency Interrupt
Local Traffic	In a virtual environment traffic between virtual machines.
LOM	LAN on Motherboard.
LP	Link Partner
LSC	Link Status Change
LS	Least significant / Lowest order (for example: LS bit = Least significant bit)
LSO	Large Send Offload, same as TSO
LSP	Link Strict Priority
LTSSM	Link Training and Status State Machine Defined in the PCIe specs.
MAC	Media Access Control.
MAUI	Multi Speed Attachment Unit Interface
MCH	Memory Controller Hub
MDC	Management Data Clock
MDI	Management Data Interface
MDIC	MDI Control Register
MDIO	Management Data Input/Output Interface over MDC/MDIO lines
MFVC	Multi-Function Virtual Channel Capability structure
MIB	Management Interface Bus
MIFS/MIPG	Minimum Inter Frame Spacing/Minimum Inter Packet Gap.
MMD	MDIO Managed Device
MMW	Maximum Memory Window.
Mod / Modulo	In computing, the modulo operation finds the remainder of division of one number by another.
MPA	Marker PDU(以太网帧) Aligned Framing for TCP
MPDU	MACSEC Protocol Data Unit including SecTag, User Data and ICV
MRQC	Multiple Receive Queues Command register
MS	Most significant / Highest order (for example: MS byte = Most significant byte)
MSFT RSS	Microsoft RSS specification
MSI	Message Signaled Interrupt
MSS	Maximum Segment Size
MTA	Multicast Table Array
MTU	Maximum Transmission Unit
NACK	Negative Acknowledgement
native mode	Used for GPIO pin that is set to be controlled by the internal logic rather than by software.
NC-SI	Network Controller — Sideband Interface
NEXT	Near End Crosstalk
Next Generation VMDq	SW switch acceleration mode–central management of the networking resources by an IOVM or by the VMM. Virtual Machine Devices queue (VMDq) is a mechanism to share I/O resources among several consumers. For example, in a virtual system, multiple OSs are loaded and each executes as though the whole system’s resources were at its disposal. However, for the limited number of I/O devices, this presents a problem because each OS may be in a separate memory domain and all the data movement and device management has to be done by a VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor). VMM access adds latency and delay to I/O accesses and degrades I/O performance. VMDs (Virtual Machine Devices) are designed to reduce the burden of VMM by making certain functions of an I/O device shared and thus can be accessed directly from each guest OS or Virtual Machine (VM).
NIC	Network Interface Controller.
NFTS	Number of Fast Training Signals
NFS	Network File Server
non-teaming mode	If the LAN is in non-teaming mode, the SMBus is presented as two SMBus devices on the SMBus (two SMBus addresses)
Nonce	96-bits initialization vector used by the AES-128 engine, which is distinct for each invocation of the encryption operation for a fixed key. It is formed by the AES-128 SALT field stored for that IPsec flow in the Tx SA Table, appended with the Initialization Vector (IV) field included in the IPsec packet:
NOS	Network Operating System
NPRD	Non-Posted Request Data
NRZ	Non-return-to-zero signaling
NTL	No Touch Leakage
NTP	Network Time Protocol
OEM	Original Equipment manufacturer
Core	Network Interface Registers
Packet	A unit composed of headers, data and footers that are sent or received by a device. Also known as a frame.
Pass Filters	Needs Definition Packets that match this type of filter continue on to their destination
PB	Packet Buffer
PBA	The nine-digit (Printed Board Assembly) number used for Intel manufactured adapter cards.
PBA	Pending Bit Array
PBA	Printed Board Assembly

缩写	英文解释	中文
PCS	Physical Coding Sub layer.
PDU	Protocol Data Units	以太网传输的 PDU(Protocol Data Unit) 是以太帧(Ethernet frame)
PF	Physical Function (in a virtualization context).
PFC	Priority Flow Control	流程控制的优先级
PHY	Physical Layer Device.	物理层设备
Plaintext	Data to be both authenticated and encrypted.	数据需要经过身份验证和加密
PMA	Physical Medium Attachment	物理介质附件
PMC	Power Management Capabilities	电源管理能力
PMD	Physical Medium Dependent.	物理介质依赖
PME	Power Management Event	电源管理事件（如电池不足或操作挂起，功耗状态管理等）
PN	Packet Number (PN) in a LinkSec context: Monotonically increasing value used to uniquely identify a LinkSec frame in the sequence.
Pool	Virtual ports	虚拟端口: VPort (虚拟) 是一个数据对象,表示支持单根 I/O 虚拟化 (SR-IOV) 的网络适配器的 NIC 交换机上的内部端口 https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/drivers/network/virtual-ports--vports-
Power State D0a	Active fully operational state. Once memory space is enabled all internal clocks are activated and the LAN Controller enters an active state.	ACPI (ACPI表示高级配置和电源管理接口)Power States Dx是指某一个外设所处的电源状态，对用户不可见
Power State D0u	The D0u state is a low-power(低功耗,低功率;低位电源) state used after SPXB Reset is de-asserted following power-up (cold or warm), or on D3 exit.	消耗最高的电能。设备完全使能，设备上下文被希望连续的保存
Power State D3Hot	A Power down state with the PCI continuing to receive a proper power supply	D3hot state的设备可被软件枚举。D3hot state可更多的电能消耗。在该state下，设备上下文是否被保存是可选的，即被能假设设备上下文已经被保存。如果设备上下文没有被保存，则会切换到D0，并由OS重新初始化。(设备主动进入D0，还是OS切换？)
Power State D3Cold	A Power down state with the PCI also in a power down state.	Sleeping State Definitins如Gx state中所说，G1 state细分出几个子项，即Sleeping States。 S1 Sleeping state S1是低唤醒延迟的状态，系统上下文不会丢失(处理器或者芯片组)，硬件负责维持所有的系统上下文。 S2 Sleeping state 与S2相似，不同的是处理器和系统cache上下文会丢失(OS负责维护cache和处理器上下文)。收到唤醒时间后，从处理器的reset vector开始执行。 S3 Sleeping State 除了内存之外的所有上下文都会丢失。硬件会保存一部分处理器和L2 cache配置上下文。收到唤醒时间后，从处理器的reset vector开始执行。 S4 Sleeping State 所有的系统上下文都会丢失。内存中的内容会保存到非易失存储介质中。OS负责上下文的保存与恢复。 S5 Soft Off State 与S4相似，但OS不会保存和回复系统上下文。消耗很少的电能，可通过鼠标键盘等设备唤醒。 设置S4，S5的目的在于让BIOS知道是执行正常启动还是从硬盘中恢复内存上下文。
Power State Dr	Device state when PCIe reset is asserted.	pcie重置为断言时的设备状态
Power State Sx	Lan Connected Device: SMBus(系统管理总线) Active and PCI Powered down.	局域网连接驱动: 系统管理总线激活和pci电源关闭
PPM	Packet Processor Module	包处理器模块
PRBS	Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence	伪随机二进制序列
PT	Pass Through
PTP	Precision Time Protocol	精确时间协议（PTP）是一种用于在整个计算机网络中同步时钟的协议。在局域网上，它可实现亚微秒级的时钟精度，使其适用于测量和控制系统。 IEEE 1588标准专为要求精度超出使用NTP可获得的精度的本地系统而设计 IEEE 1588标准描述了用于时钟分配的分层主从体系结构。在这种体系结构下，时间分配系统由一个或多个通信媒体（网段）和一个或多个时钟组成。普通时钟是具有单个网络连接的设备，并且是同步基准源（PTP-master）或目标（PTP-slave）。边界时钟具有多个网络连接，可以准确将一个网段与另一个网段同步。为系统中的每个网段选择一个同步PTP-master。根定时基准称为grandmaster。它将同步信息传输到在其网段上的时钟。存在于该网段上的边界时钟随后将准确的时间中继到它们也连接到的其他网段 PTP消息使用基于Internet协议的用户数据报协议（UDP / IP）进行传输。 IEEE 1588-2002第1版仅使用IPv4传输，但已将其扩展为在IEEE1588-2008规范中包括IPv6。在PTPv1 IEEE1588-2002中，所有PTP消息均使用多播消息传递发送，而PTPv2 IEEE1588-2008则为设备提供了选项在逐个端口的基础上协商单播传输。组播传输使用IP组播编址，为IPv4和IPv6定义了组播组地址。 事件消息发送到端口号319。 常规消息使用端口号320。
QoS	Quality of Service	带宽调节, 服务质量包括传输的带宽、传送的时延、数据的丢包率等
QWORD (Quad-Word) alignment	Implies that the physical addresses may only be aligned on 8byte boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of the address may only end in 0, or 8. For example, 0FECBD9A8h(4274772392).	integer的整数型对齐
Receive latency	Measured from packet reception from the wire and until the descriptor is updated on PCIe.	接收延迟
RDMA	Remote Direct Memory Access	RDMA就是指不通过操作系统(OS)内核以及TCP/IP协议栈在网络上传输数据，因此延迟(latency)非常低，CPU消耗非常少 What is RDMA? http://www.rdmamojo.com/2014/03/31/remote-direct-memory-access-rdma/ https://www.cnblogs.com/idorax/p/7243301.html
RDMAP	Remote Direct Memory Access Protocol	RDMA协议
Relax ordering	When the strict order of packets is not required, the device can send packets in an order that allows for less power consumption and greater CPU efficiency	乱序总线事务
RID	Requester ID
RLT	Rate-limited flag bit	速率限制标识位
RMCP	Remote Management and Control Protocol (Distributed Management Task Force)	RMCP基于UDP协议实现(远程管理和控制协议)
RMII	Reduced Media Independent Interface (Reduced MII)	MII即“媒体独立接口”，也叫“独立于介质的接口”。它是IEEE-802.3定义的以太网行业标准。它包括一个数据接口，以及一个MAC和PHY之间的管理接口。RMII全称为“简化的媒体独立接口”，是IEEE-802.3u标准中除MII接口之外的另一种实现。（此处内容来源于网络）
RMII NC-SI	Reduced Media Independent Interface (Reduced MII).	NC-SI就是从主控制器的管理控制器和以太网控制器之前通信定义的协议,一般传 输是通过SMBus和I2C接口来传输的
RMON statistics	Remote Network Monitoring or Remote Monitoring
RPC header	Remote Procedure Call	https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5531.html
RS	Rate Scheduler	速率调度器
RSC	Receive Side Coalescing coalesces incoming TCP/IP (and potentially UDP/IP) packets into larger receive segments	coalescing coalesces(结合) receive segments 接收段
RSS	Receive-Side Scaling is a mechanism to distribute received packets into several descriptor queues. Software then assigns each queue to a different processor, therefore sharing the load of packet processing among several processors	NIC 接收队列的 RSS(接收端的一种接收队列的方式) RSS是物理网卡支持的特性,可以将NIC的多个队列映射到多个CPU核上进行处理,增加处理的效率,减少CPU中断竞争 https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/drivers/network/rss-with-hardware-queuing
RSTD	Reset Sequence Done	重置队列完成
RSTI	Reset Sequence in Process	重置队列中
RTT	Round Trip Time	延时
Rx, RX	Receive
Ｔｘ		发送
SA	Security Association or source address
SA (in a LinkSec context)	Secure Association (SA): A security relationship that provides security guarantees for frames transmitted from one member of a CA to the others. Each SA is supported by a single secret key, or a single set of keys where the cryptographic operations used to protect one frame require more than one key
SAC	Single Address Cycle (SAC) messages	单地址周期消息
SAK	Security Associations Key	安全关联密钥
salt	In cryptography, a salt consists of random bits used as one of the inputs to a key derivation function. Sometimes the initialization vector, a previously generated (preferably random) value, is used as a salt. The other input is usually a password or passphrase. The output of the key derivation function is often stored as the encrypted version of the password. A salt value can also be used as a key for use in a cipher or other cryptographic algorithm. A salt value is typically used in a hash function. from Wiki
SAN	Storage Area Networks	存储区域网络(Storage Area Network SNA),即通过特定的互连方式连接的若干台存储服务器组成一个单独的数据网络,提供企业级的数据存储服务
SAP	Service Access Point –an identifying label for network endpoints used in OSI networking.
SC	Secure Channel – Authentication and key exchange	安全通道-认证和秘钥交换
SC	Secure Channel (SC): A security relationship used to provide security guarantees for frames transmitted from one member of a CA to the others. An SC is supported by a sequence of SAs thus allowing the periodic use of fresh keys without terminating the relationship.
SCI	Secure Channel Identifier A globally unique identifier for a secure channel, comprising a globally unique Ethernet MAC Address and a Port Identifier, unique within the system allocated that address.
SCSI	Small Computer System Interface is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, and electrical and optical interfaces. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape drives, but it can connect a wide range of other devices, including scanners, and optical drives (CD, DVD, etc. From Wiki.	https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19190-01/CRCM2169/CRCM2169.pdf https://www.t10.org/scsi-3.htm  (scsi标准架构) https://www.t10.org/drafts.htm
SCL signal	SM Bus Clock	系统管理总线时钟
SCTP	Stream Control Transmission Protocol	流控制传输协议
SDA signal	SM Bus Data	SMBus 为系统和电源管理这样的任务提供了一条控制总线 参考 smbus协议 系统管理总线(SMBus)是一个两线接口 http://www.smbus.org/
SDP	Software-Definable Pins	Software Definable Pins 中文翻译：软件定义的pin，也称为客户自定义pin 该缩写多用于电子行业，很多大规模集成芯片在对于内部电路的设计的时候，会在对外接口管脚中，留出一些作为客户自定义管脚信号
SecY	802.1AE spec terminology Security entity	802.1AE是一种二层封装技术，通过封装所有以太网针，从而实现加密的安全效果
Segment	subsections of a packet	段
SerDes	Serializer(序列化) and De-Serializer(反序列化) Circuit
SFD	Start Frame Delimiter	帧首定界符
SGMII	Serialized Gigabit Media Independent Interface	Gigabit 千兆位；千兆比特（相当于十亿比特的信息单位）；吉比特 Independent 独立的
SKU	subsets of features of a chip that can be disabled for marketing purposes.	subsets of features of a chip 芯片特征的子集 chip 芯片
SNMP	Standard Network Management Protocol https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1157 (rfc协议地址)	标准网络管理协议
SMB	Semaphore Bit	信号量位
SMBus	System Management Bus. A bus that carries various manageability components, including the LAN controller, BIOS, sensors and remote-control devices.	http://www.smbus.org/
SN	Sequence Number — contains a counter value that increases by one for each Ethernet frame sent.	序列号
SNAP	Subnetwork Access Protocol  https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.2.0?topic=internetworking-subnetwork-access-protocol-snap  (SNAP:SubNetwork Access Protocol) 子网络访问协议(SNAP)规范了在 IEEE802 网络上传输 IP 数据报的标准方法	子网络访问协议, 子网接入协议
SoL	Serial Over LAN Serial Over LAN is a mechanism that enables the input and output of the serial port of a managed system to be redirected via an IPMI (Internet Protocol Multicast Initiative) session over IP.	是指通过基于IP的IPMI会话来重新定向系统中串口I/O的一种机制
SPD	Smart Power Down	智慧电源关机
SPI	The Security Parameter Index is an identification tag added to the header while using IPSec for tunneling the IP traffic. This tag helps the kernel discern between two traffic streams where different encryption rules and algorithms may be in use. The SPI (as per RFC 2401) is an essential part of an IPSec SA (Security Association) because it enables the receiving system to select the SA under which a received packet will be processed. An SPI has only local significance, since is defined by the creator of the SA; an SPI is generally viewed as an opaque bit string. However, the creator of an SA may interpret the bits in an SPI to facilitate local processing. from Wikipedia	IPSec Internet Protocol Security(网络协议安全) SA (Security Association) spi RFC 2401  ---> https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2401
SPXB interface	PCI Express Backbone	pcie会替代pci,pci-x,agp(并行总线)等总线. https://www.rambus.com/blogs/pci-express-5-vs-4/
Spoofing	In computer networking, the term IP address spoofing is the creation of IP packets with a forged (spoofed) source IP address with the purpose to conceal the identity of the sender or impersonating another computing system. IP stands for Internet Protocol. from Wiki	ip address spoofing是一个术语,叫ip地址欺骗
SR-IOV	PCI-SIG single-root I/O Virtualization initiative	https://pcisig.com/ https://pcisig.com/specifications/review-zone https://www.intel.cn/content/dam/doc/white-paper/pci-sig-single-root-io-virtualization-support-in-virtualization-technology-for-connectivity-paper.pdf single-root I/O Virtualization 的白皮书
SW Switch acceleration mode	Central management of the networking resources by an IOVM or by the VMM. Also known as VMDq2 mode.	SW Switch acceleration mode 开关加速模式
SWIZZLE	To convert external names, array indices, or references within a data structure into address pointers when the data structure is brought into main memory from external storage (also called pointer swizzling);	https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21218304/what-is-pointer-swizzling
Sx	Lan Connected Device: SMBus Active and PCI Powered down.	局域网连接数倍：系统管理总线激活和pci电源关机
SYN Attack	A SYN attack is a form of denial-of-service attack in which an attacker sends a succession of SYN (synchronize) requests to a target's system.	SYN Attack是一种DOS攻击方式
TC	Traffic Class	传输种类
TCI	For 802.1q, Tag Header field Tag Control Information (TCI); 2 octets.	802.1q协议-IEEE 802.1q以及VLAN Tagging属于互联网下IEEE 802.1的标准规范
TCO	Total Cost of Ownership (Management)	What Is the Total Cost of Ownership? https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/totalcostofownership.asp
TCP/IP	Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol	传输控制协议
TDESC	Transmit Descriptor	传输描述符
TDP	Total Device Power	关于device power https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/power-device Total Device Power  设备总功率
TDR	Time Domain Reflectometry
Teaming Mode	When the LAN is in Teaming mode, the 82599 is presented over the SMBus as one device and has one SMBus address.	https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/14a11616-29ee-45cc-900c-4818065c5193/nic-teaming-what-is-the-swicth-independent-mode-and-static-teaming-?forum=winserver8gen 网卡聚合模式-Teaming Mode
TFCS	Transmit Flow Control Status	传输流程控制状态
TLP	Transaction layer Packets	传输层包
ToS	Type of Service
TPID	For 802.1q, Tag Header field Tag Protocol Identifier; 2 octets.	TPID(Tag Protocol Identifier，标签协议标识)
TPPAC	Transmit Packet Plane Arbitration Control	传输包平面仲裁控制
Transmit latency	Measured from Tail update until the packet is transmitted on the wire. It is assumed that a single packet is submitted for this traffic class and its latency is then measured in presence of traffic belonging to other traffic classes.	Transmit latenc y传输延迟 on the wire　线路上 traffic class  传输级别
TS	Time Stamp
TSO	TCP or Transmit Segmentation offload — A mode in which a large TCP/UDP I/O is handled to the device and the device segments it to L2 packets according to the requested MSS.
TSS	Transmit Side Scaling
Tx, TX	Transmit	传送,发送
UBWG	User Bandwidth Group	ULP
UP

缩写	英文解释	中文解释
VF	Virtual Function– A part of a PF assigned to a VI
VI	Virtual Image – A virtual machine to which a part of the I/O resources is assigned. Also known as a VM.
VM	Virtual Machine
VMM	Virtual Machine Monitor
VPD	Vital Product Data (PCI protocol).	重要产品数据协议
VT	Virtualization
WB	Write Back
WC	Worst Case
WfM	Wired for Management was a primarily hardware-based system allowing a newly built computer without any software to be manipulated by a master computer that could access the hard disk of the new PC to paste the install program. It could also be used to update software and monitor system status remotely. Intel developed the system in the 1990s; it is now considered obsolete.
WoL	Wake-on-LAN Now called APM Wake up or Advanced power management Wake up.
WORD alignment	Implies that physical addresses must be aligned on even boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of the address may only end in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, Ah, Ch, or Eh. For example, 0FECBD9A2h.
WRR	Weighted Round-Robin
WSP	Weighted Strict Priority
XAUI	10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface
XFP	10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable modules
XGMII	10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface
XGXS
XMT Frame Transmit	Most Recent Transmit Buffer Tail Register content
Bus Voltage	例如：3.3 V	总线电压
PCI Specification Revision		pci规范修订
Cabling Type	例如：Fibre optic（光学纤维）	布线类型
Max Transfer Distance	例如：50 m	最大传输距离
Data Link Protocol	例如：8Gb Fibre Channel
Interface (Bus) Type	总线类型或接口类型例如：PCI Express 2.0 x8 这里x8代表的是信道数量以及路径宽度，实际代表就是传输速度

ACPI表示高级配置和电源管理接口

ACK/NAK协议