[django]梳理drf知识点
要实现的功能
idc_list/
get 列出所有
post 创建一个idc
idc_detail/1/
get 获取一个idc
put 修改一个idc
delete 删除一个idc
一般url是这样处理的
url("^idcs/$", idc_list),
url("^idcs/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$", idc_detail)
从后端取数据到前端有哪些流程? 什么叫序列化? 什么叫反序列化?
序列化&反序列化
对象 -> 字符串 是序列化 json.dump()
字符串->对象 是反序列化 json.parse()
3件大事
1.取数据
2.序列化
3.方法绑定 asview方法搞定
GenericAPIView2个get冲突,必须写2个view,而viewset重写了as_view方法,解决了这个url问题
- GenericAPIView不能把所有的都混在一起,必须分2个view写
class IdcList_v4(generics.GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class IdcDetail_v4(generics.GenericAPIView, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
1个资源为什么要2个url? viewset可以解决idc_list和idc_detail 1个资源两个url问题
- viewset可以这样写
class IdcListViewset_v6(viewsets.GenericViewSet, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin,
mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
巧妙的写2个绑定关系,都绑定到一个试图上
path('idcs/', views.IdcListViewset.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}), name='idc_list'),
path('idcs/<int:pk>/', views.IdcDetailViewset.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'}),
最终被router彻底解决
rom rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from idcs.views import IdcViewset
route = DefaultRouter()
route.register('idcs', IdcViewset)
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(route.urls)),
]
mixin做什么事情?
1,取数据
2.序列化 --这两项mixins.RetrieveModelMixin做的实行
3.绑定方法: as_view做点事情
取数据 序列化 render 方法绑定
mixin mixin APIView+Response干了 as_view干了
存数据: IdcSerilizer(data=request.data)
取数据: Response(IdcSerilizer(idc.data))
3种as_view
as_view的功能
as_view的内置3种
1. as_view() base
2. as_view() restframework 重写了as_view方法
3. as_view() Viewset 重写了as_view方法
- 用的的是 1. as_view() base
class IdcList_v3(APIView):
def get(self, request):
return Response(IdcSerializer(Idc.objects.all().data, many=True))
def post(self, request):
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse("创建成功")
return HttpResponse("创建失败")
- 用的是 2. as_view() restframework
class IdcList_v5(generics.GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
- 用的是 3. as_view() Viewset(要求绑定关系写到url里)
class IdcListViewset(viewsets.GenericViewSet, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
path('idcs/', views.IdcListViewset.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}), name='idc_list'),
path('idcs/<int:pk>/', views.IdcDetailViewset.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'}),
name='idc_detail'),
提交数据,数据验证流程
提交一次数据流程
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def to_internal_value(self, data):
print('to_internal_value(data): ', data)
return super(ManufacturerSerializer, self).to_internal_value(data)
def validate_vender_name(self, data):
print('validate_vender_name(data): ', data)
return data
def validate(self, attrs):
print("validate验证(attrs): ", attrs)
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
print('create(validated_data): ', validated_data)
return Manufacturer.objects.create(**validated_data)
to_internal_value(data) : <QueryDict: {'csrfmiddlewaretoken': ['bp0QXpil9GwXUDhKYO0ut03dr2C6YGVT12WWOGIV49z7QMEeZHRE5Qsz4DBE5tTt'], 'vender_name': ['dell'], 'tel': ['13111111111'], 'mail': ['xxx@foxmail.com'], 'remark': ['test']}>
validate_vender_name(data) : dell
validate验证(attrs) : OrderedDict([('vender_name', 'dell'), ('tel', '13111111111'), ('mail', 'xxx@foxmail.com'), ('remark', 'test')])
create(validated_data) : {'vender_name': 'dell', 'tel': '13111111111', 'mail': 'xxx@foxmail.com', 'remark': 'test'}
子表展示主表的字段(to_representation): 希望获取某个机柜时候,展示idc的id&name
注意: 从db取出数据到前端展示, 不经过validate和validate_data, 所以只能在to_representation处做.
- IDC APP
class Idc(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
address = models.CharField(max_length=20)
phone = models.CharField(max_length=20)
letter = models.CharField(max_length=20)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
- 机柜APP
from idcs.models import Idc
class Cabinet(models.Model):
"机柜模型"
idc = models.ForeignKey(Idc, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField('机柜名称', max_length=40)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
默认是这样的, 看不出idc的名字
- 机柜序列化类to_representation,抛给前端最后一步来动刀
class CabinetSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
"机柜序列化类"
idc = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=False, queryset=Idc.objects.all())
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
def create(self, validated_data):
return Cabinet.objects.create(**validated_data)
# instance是一个机柜的obj
def to_representation(self, instance):
print(instance)
print(type(instance)) # <class 'cabinet.models.Cabinet'>
print(instance.idc)
print(type(instance.idc)) # <class 'idcs.models.Idc'>
res = super(CabinetSerializer, self).to_representation(instance)
print(res) # OrderedDict([('idc', 1), ('name', '1-2')])
res['idc'] = {
'name': instance.idc.name,
'phone': instance.idc.phone
}
return res
最接近前端的to_representation/to_internal_value处理后的OrderedDict可以k['v']形式取值
也可以通过点的方式取
OrderedDict([('idc', 1), ('name', '1-2')])
res = super(CabinetSerializer, self).to_representation(instance)
print(res) # OrderedDict([('idc', 1), ('name', '1-2')])
res['idc'] = {
'name': instance.idc.name,
'phone': instance.idc.phone
}
制造商名称大写: 入库时4个节点可以修改
validate时修改方便点.
- to_internal_value时修改
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def to_internal_value(self, data):
print('data: ', data)
res = super(ManufacturerSerializer, self).to_internal_value(data)
print('res: ', res)
res['vendor_name'] = res['vendor_name'].upper()
return res
data: <QueryDict: {'csrfmiddlewaretoken': ['B27kAKtSmrRDmIUco8umj5nFbsdcnOOWVdlBRJ7DgRfJjnmSh7YINSk5nXNbYmoD'], 'vendor_name': ['cs7'], 'tel': ['13333333333'], 'mail': ['ihorse@foxmail.com'], 'remark': ['cs7']}>
res: OrderedDict([('vendor_name', 'cs7'), ('tel', '13333333333'), ('mail', 'ihorse@foxmail.com'), ('remark', 'cs7')])
- validate_vendor_name时修改
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def validate_vendor_name(self, value):
print('value: ',value)
return value.upper()
cs6
- validate时修改
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def validate(self, attrs):
print('validate(attrs): ', attrs)
attrs['vendor_name'] = attrs['vendor_name'].upper()
return attrs
validate(attrs): OrderedDict([('vendor_name', 'cs4'), ('tel', '13444444444'), ('mail', 'ihorse@foxmail.com'), ('remark', 'cs4')])
- create时候修改
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def create(self, validated_data):
print('create(validated_data): ',validated_data)
validated_data['vender_name'] = validated_data['vender_name'].upper()
return Manufacturer.objects.create(**validated_data)
create(validated_data): {'vender_name': 'cs8', 'tel': '13444444444', 'mail': 'ihorse@foxmail.com', 'remark': None}
本来想在创建型号时候指定制造商, 如果制造商不存在,则创建.如果存在则关联
{
"model_name": "mi8",
"vender": "xiaomi"
}
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = ProductModel
fields = "__all__"
def to_internal_value(self, data):
print(data)
res = super(ProductModelSerializer, self).to_representation(data)
print(2)
try:
manufacturer_obj = Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=data['vender'])
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
manufacturer_obj = Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=data['vender'])
res['vender'] = manufacturer_obj
return res
# def validate_vender(self, value): #根本都走不到这里.在to_internal_value时字段serializer时候就报错了.
# "制造商验证"
# print('value: ', value, type(value))
# try:
# return Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=value)
# except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
# print(type(value))
# return Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=value)
# def validate(self, attrs):
# "主表验证子表唯一性"
# manufacturer_obj = attrs['vender']
# try:
# manufacturer_obj.productmodel_set(model_name__exact=attrs['model_name'])
# except ProductModel.DoesNotExist:
# return attrs
<QueryDict: {'csrfmiddlewaretoken': ['afVAElHU9XdiA4J41r8Kiycs2uLqRwy9kyTK1tpyIuaNw5P6bg3yFf03fSmS3vwJ'], 'model_name': ['R710'], 'vender': ['1']}>
- 下面这种写法也报错
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = ProductModel
fields = "__all__"
def validate_manufacturer(self, value):
"制造商唯一性验证"
try:
return Manufacturer.objects.get(vendor_name__exact=value)
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
return self.create_manufacturer(value)
def create_manufacturer(self, vendor_name):
"创建制造商"
return Manufacturer.objects.create(vendor_name=vendor_name)
def validate(self, attrs):
"制造商下型号唯一性验证"
manufacturer_obj = attrs["manufacturer"]
try:
# 如果存在则获取索引
# 如果不存在则创建并获取索引
attrs["model_name"] = manufacturer_obj.productmodel_set.get(model_name__exact=attrs["model_name"])
except ProductModel.DoesNotExist:
attrs["model_name"] = self.create_product_model(manufacturer_obj, attrs["model_name"])
return attrs
解决这个问题
1.序列化时外键是字符串
2.和primarykey形成对比
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# class Meta:
# model = ProductModel
# fields = "__all__"
model_name = serializers.CharField(required=True)
vender = serializers.CharField(required=True)
def validate_vender(self, value):
print(value)
"制造商唯一性验证"
try:
return Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=value)
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
return self.create_manufacturer(value)
def create_manufacturer(self, vender_name):
"创建制造商"
return Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=vender_name)
def validate(self, attrs):
"制造商下型号唯一性验证"
print(attrs)
manufacturer_obj = attrs["vender"]
try:
# 如果存在则获取索引
# 如果不存在则创建并获取索引
attrs["model_name"] = manufacturer_obj.productmodel_set.get(model_name__exact=attrs["model_name"])
except ProductModel.DoesNotExist:
# attrs["model_name"] = self.create_product_model(manufacturer_obj, attrs["model_name"])
pass
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data) # {'model_name': 'mi10', 'vender': <Manufacturer: xiaomi>}
"创建型号"
return ProductModel.objects.create(**validated_data)
子表显示外键
方法1: 继承ModelSerializer
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def validate_vender_name(self, data):
return data.upper()
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
方法2: PrimaryKeyRelatedField
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def validate_vender_name(self, data):
return data.upper()
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # 必须实现create: `create()` must be implemented.
model_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
vender = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=False, queryset=Manufacturer.objects.all())
def create(self, validated_data):
ProductModel.objects.create(**validated_data)
方法3:
class ManufacturerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Manufacturer
fields = "__all__"
def validate_vender_name(self, data):
return data.upper()
1.判断制造商是否存在: to_internal_value节点实现
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # 必须实现create: `create()` must be implemented.
model_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
vender = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
def to_internal_value(self, data):
print(data)
res = super(ProductModelSerializer, self).to_internal_value(data)
print(res) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'mi10'), ('vender', 'xiaomi')])
try:
res['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=res['vender'])
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
res['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=res['vender'])
print(res) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'mi10'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: xiaomi>)])
return res
def validate(self, attrs):
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'mi10'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: xiaomi>)])
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
return ProductModel.objects.create(**validated_data)
2.判断制造商是否存在: validate_vender节点实现
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # 必须实现create: `create()` must be implemented.
model_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
vender = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
def validate_vender(self, value):
print(value) # 'xiaomi'
try:
manufacturer_obj = Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=value)
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
manufacturer_obj = Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=value)
return manufacturer_obj # 相当于把manufacturer_obj赋给了vender
def validate(self, attrs):
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'mi11'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: xiaomi>)])
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
return ProductModel.objects.create(**validated_data)
3.判断制造商是否存在: validate节点实现
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # 必须实现create: `create()` must be implemented.
model_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
vender = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
def validate(self, attrs):
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p1'), ('vender', 'google')])
try:
attrs['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=attrs['vender'])
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
attrs['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=attrs['vender'])
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p1'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: google>)])
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
return ProductModel.objects.create(**validated_data)
方法4: 也可以在create时候实现
通过主表,验证子表字段的唯一性: 验证该型号已存在
方法1: 在to_internal验证
方法2: 在valida_filed验证
方法3: 在validate时候验证
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # 必须实现create: `create()` must be implemented.
model_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
vender = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
def validate(self, attrs):
"制造商验证"
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p2'), ('vender', 'google')])
try:
attrs['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=attrs['vender'])
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
attrs['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=attrs['vender'])
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p2'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: google>)])
"制造商下型号唯一性验证"
try:
attrs['vender'].productmodel_set.get(model_name__exact=attrs['model_name'])
raise serializers.ValidationError("该型号已存在")
except ProductModel.DoesNotExist:
pass
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p2'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: google>)])
return ProductModel.objects.create(**validated_data)
方法4: 在create时候验证
class ProductModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # 必须实现create: `create()` must be implemented.
model_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
vender = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
def validate(self, attrs):
"制造商验证"
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p2'), ('vender', 'google')])
try:
attrs['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.get(vender_name__exact=attrs['vender'])
except Manufacturer.DoesNotExist:
attrs['vender'] = Manufacturer.objects.create(vender_name=attrs['vender'])
print(attrs) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p2'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: google>)])
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data) # OrderedDict([('model_name', 'p2'), ('vender', <Manufacturer: google>)])
"制造商下型号唯一性验证"
try:
validated_data['vender'].productmodel_set.get(model_name__exact=validated_data['model_name'])
raise serializers.ValidationError("该型号已存在")
except ProductModel.DoesNotExist:
return ProductModel.objects.create(**validated_data)
继承逻辑关系图
drf的版本迭代
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.views.generic.base import View
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from rest_framework import mixins, generics
class IdcView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
class IdcView_v7(viewsets.GenericViewSet,
mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
class IdcView_v6(generics.ListCreateAPIView, generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
class IdcViewDetail_v6(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
class IdcView_v5(generics.GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class IdcViewDetail_v5(generics.GenericAPIView,
mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer_class = IdcSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
class IdcView_v4(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(IdcSerializer(Idc.objects.all(), many=True).data)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('添加成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
class IdcViewDetail_v4(APIView):
def get_object(self, pk):
try:
return Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Exception as e:
return HttpResponse("无此记录")
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(IdcSerializer(self.get_object(pk)).data)
def put(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = IdcSerializer(self.get_object(pk), data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('添加成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
def delete(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
self.get_object(pk).delete()
return HttpResponse('删除成功')
@api_view(['GET'])
def api_root(request, format=None, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(
{
'idc-list': reverse('idcs:idc-list', request=request)
})
@api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
def idc_list_v3(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return Response(IdcSerializer(Idc.objects.all(), many=True).data)
elif request.method == "POST":
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('添加成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def idc_detail_v3(request, pk):
try:
idc = Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Exception as e:
return "记录不存在"
if request.method == "GET":
return Response(IdcSerializer(idc).data)
if request.method == "PUT":
serializer = IdcSerializer(idc, data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('修改成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
if request.method == "DELETE":
idc.delete()
return HttpResponse('删除成功')
class IdcView_v2(View):
def get(self, request):
return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(IdcSerializer(Idc.objects.all(), many=True).data))
def post(self, request):
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('添加成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
class IdcViewDetail_v2(View):
def get_object(self, pk):
try:
return Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Exception as e:
return HttpResponse("无此记录")
def get(self, request, pk):
return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(IdcSerializer(self.get_object(pk))))
def put(self, request, pk):
idc = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = IdcSerializer(idc, data=JSONParser().parse(request))
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('修改成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
def idc_list_v1(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(IdcSerializer(Idc.objects.all(), many=True).data))
elif request.method == "POST":
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=JSONParser().parse(request))
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('添加成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
def idc_detail_v1(request, pk):
try:
idc = Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Exception as e:
return HttpResponse("没有这个记录")
if request.method == "GET":
return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(IdcSerializer(idc).data))
elif request.method == "PUT":
serializer = IdcSerializer(idc, data=JSONParser().parse(request))
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return HttpResponse('更新成功')
return HttpResponse('验证失败')
elif request.method == "DELETE":
Idc.objects.get(pk=pk).delete()
return HttpResponse('删除成功')
# @api_view(['GET', 'PUT'])
# def idc_list(request, *args, **kwargs):
# if request.method == "GET":
# queryset = Idc.objects.all()
# serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset, many=True)
# return Response(serializer.data)
# elif request.method == "PUT":
# serializer = IdcSerializer(request.data)
# return HttpResponse("")
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from idcs import views
# idc_list = views.IdcView.as_view({
# 'get': 'list',
# 'post': 'create'
# })
#
# idc_detail = views.IdcView.as_view({
# 'get': 'retrieve',
# 'put': 'update',
# 'delete': 'destroy'
# })
route = DefaultRouter()
route.register('idcs', views.IdcView)
app_name = 'idcs'
urlpatterns = [
# path('', views.api_root),
# path('idcs', idc_list, name='idc-list'),
path('', include(route.urls)),
# path('idcs/<int:pk>/', idc_detail, name='idc-detail'),
]
# urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
drf版本迭代总结
理解序列化和反序列化的本质
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av39886713?from=search&seid=17895786208711765947
python使用protobuf序列化数据:
https://blog.csdn.net/menghaocheng/article/details/80176763
序列化: 后端->前端
queryset -> serializer -> JSONRender -> 返回前端
反序列化:后端<-前端
queryset <- serializer <- JSONParse <- 前端提交
ApiView:
Response,不用JSONRender/JSONParser了
有界面了
API_ROOT设置
url设置
IdcView_v4(APIView)
IdcViewDetail_v4(APIView)
IdcView_v5(generics.GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin)
IdcViewDetail_v5(generics.GenericAPIView,
mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
不需要关心数据了, 只需绑定方法
IdcView_v6(generics.ListCreateAPIView, generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView)
IdcViewDetail_v6(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView)
不需要关心数据,不需要绑定方法,但还是有2个视图+2个url
IdcView_v7(viewsets.GenericViewSet,
mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin)
不需要关心数据,需要绑定url, 有1个视图了.
IdcView(viewsets.ModelViewSet)
简化了写法.
generics.ListCreateAPIView=generics.GenericAPIView+
mixins.ListModelMixin+
mixins.CreateModelMixin
viewsets.ModelViewSet -> viewsets.GenericViewSet --> generics.GenericAPIView(viewset再此基础上又封装了2层)
mixins.ListModelMixin
route.register函数的base_name参数定制url(默认是modelname为准)
譬如我写了2个viewset,针对的是相同的model和serializer
class ServerAutoReportViewset(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
queryset = Server.objects.all()
serializer_class = ServerSerializer
class ServerViewset(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
queryset = Server.objects.all()
serializer_class = ServerSerializer
默认展示的时候以model名字来展示
否则2个viewset只显示第一个.
route.register('ServerAutoReport', ServerAutoReportViewset, base_name='ServerAutoReport')
route.register('Server', ServerViewset, base_name='Server')
drf继承图
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