题目:

You are given a string, s, and a list of words, words, that are all of the same length. Find all starting indices of substring(s) in s that is a concatenation of each word in words exactly once and without any intervening characters.

For example, given:
s: "barfoothefoobarman"
words: ["foo", "bar"]

You should return the indices: [0,9]
(order does not matter).  (Hard)

分析:

题目意思是找到所有起始位置,使得往后的若干连续字符组成的字符串 的正好是集合中所有元素组成的字符串。

自己考虑到的还是一个暴力的做法,没有超时,写起来也没那么容易。

大致思路是建一个hash存放words不同元素出现在words中的次数(开始只存放有无,后来发现words中元素可重复)

然后对s进行遍历,从每个位置开始,依次取len长度的字符串,与hash中的值比较。根据在不在hash内进行跳出循环,hash[words[j]]--等操作.

到words.size() -1 长度自然跳出循环,说明完全匹配,可以将这个i加入结果。

代码:

 class Solution {
public:
vector<int> findSubstring(string s, vector<string>& words) {
int len = words[].size();
unordered_map<string, int> count;
vector<int> result;
if (s.size() < words.size() * len) {
return result;
}
for (int k = ; k < words.size(); ++k) {
if (count.find(words[k]) == count.end()) {
count[words[k]] = ;
}
else {
count[words[k]] ++;
}
}
unordered_map<string, int> save = count;
for (int i = ; i <= s.size() - words.size() * len; i++) {
int flag = ;
for (int j = i; j < i + words.size() * len ; j += len) {
string temp = s.substr(j, len);
if (count.find(temp) != count.end()) {
if (count[temp] > ) {
count[temp]--;
}
else {
flag = ;
break;
}
}
else {
flag = ;
break;
}
}
if (flag == ) {
result.push_back(i);
}
count = save;
}
return result;
}
};

8月19日更新:

对于自己的实现中,每次更新i都需要拷贝一次hash表。

可以换一种方式,一个hash作为基准在循环前准备好。然后对于每个i生成一个新的hash,添加元素进去,与老的比较,比拷贝应该效率要高。

其他注意事项:

1. words.size(),s.size()都是unsigned int,所以做减法之后不会出现 -1,所以导致由此限定循环有问题,所以自己在前面加了一个

if (s.size() < words.size() * len) 
 搞清楚原因后前面声明两个int变量可以把这个if去掉。
2. unordered_map<string,int> hash可以直接对hash[temp]++,没有的话就是从0加1,默认初始化的0。
所以修改后的代码:
 class Solution {
public:
vector<int> findSubstring(string s, vector<string>& words) {
int len = words[].size();
unordered_map<string, int> count;
vector<int> result;
for (int k = ; k < words.size(); ++k) {
count[words[k]]++;
}
//s.size() - words.size() * len 结果是个unsigned;
int n = s.size(), m = words.size();
for (int i = ; i <= n - m * len; i++) {
unordered_map<string, int> hash;
int flag = ;
for (int j = i; j < i + words.size() * len ; j += len) {
string temp = s.substr(j, len);
hash[temp]++;
if (hash[temp] > count[temp]) {
flag = ;
break;
}
}
if (flag == ) {
result.push_back(i);
}
}
return result;
}
};

好像还有个滑动窗口的解法,回头头脑清楚再研究...

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