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这里分类和汇总了欣宸的全部原创(含配套源码)：https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos

本篇概览

  • 前文《五分钟搞懂spring-cloud-square》详细介绍了什么是spring-cloud-square，以及三种实现类型的详细概念，爱动手的您已迫不及待想编码体验spring-cloud-square了，本篇咱们就来畅快实战，体验这个spring官方带给我们的smart client

  • 如标题所述，接下里咱们会将spring-cloud-square提供的三种client都编码体验，总的来说本篇由以下内容构成：

  1. 新建maven工程，名为spring-cloud-square-tutorials，这是本篇所有应用的父工程，库版本在此工程中统一管理；
  2. 创建子工程eureka，作为注册中心
  3. 创建子工程client，放一些公用的数据结构
  4. 创建子工程provider，身份是服务提供者，接下来的三个用到spring-cloud-square的子工程，都调用provider的服务
  5. 创建子工程consumer-okhttp，基于spring-cloud-square的okhttp能力做远程调用
  6. 创建子工程consumer-retrofit-okhttp，基于spring-cloud-square的retrofit + okhttp能力做远程调用
  7. 创建子工程consumer-retrofit-webflux，基于spring-cloud-square的retrofit + webflux能力做远程调用
  • 上述几个服务的关系如下图：

如何验证

  • 代码写完之后，如何验证功能是否符合预期呢？本篇采用单元测试的方式，consumer-okhttp、consumer-retrofit-okhttp、consumer-retrofit-webflux这三个子工程都有自己的单元测试代码，执行通过就意味着代码功能符合预期了

源码下载

名称 链接 备注
项目主页 https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos 该项目在GitHub上的主页
git仓库地址(https) https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址，https协议
git仓库地址(ssh) git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址，ssh协议
  • 这个git项目中有多个文件夹，本篇的源码在spring-cloud-square-tutorials文件夹下，如下图红框所示：

版本信息

  • 本篇实战涉及到的主要版本情况如下：
  1. JDK：1.8.0_291
  2. IDEA：2021.1.3 (Ultimate Edition)
  3. maven：3.8.1
  4. 操作系统：win10 64位
  5. springboot：2.4.4
  6. spring-cloud：2020.0.2
  7. spring-cloud-square：0.4.0-SNAPSHOT

父工程spring-cloud-square-tutorials

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  5.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  7.     <parent>
  8.         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  9.         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  10.         <version>2.4.4</version>
  11.         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  12.     </parent>
  14.     <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  15.     <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-tutorials</artifactId>
  16.     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  18.     <properties>
  19.         <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
  20.         <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
  21.         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  22.         <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.2</spring-cloud.version>
  23.         <square.dependency.version>0.4.0-SNAPSHOT</square.dependency.version>
  24.     </properties>
  26.     <packaging>pom</packaging>
  27.     <description>Demo project for Spring Cloud Square Retrofit Web</description>
  29.     <modules>
  30.         <module>provider</module>
  31.         <module>eureka</module>
  32.         <module>consumer-okhttp</module>
  33.         <module>client</module>
  34.         <module>consumer-retrofit-okhttp</module>
  35.         <module>consumer-retrofit-webflux</module>
  36.     </modules>
  38.     <dependencyManagement>
  39.         <dependencies>
  40.             <dependency>
  41.                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  42.                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
  43.                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
  44.                 <type>pom</type>
  45.                 <scope>import</scope>
  46.             </dependency>
  48.             <dependency>
  49.                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  50.                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
  51.                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
  52.                 <type>pom</type>
  53.                 <scope>import</scope>
  54.             </dependency>
  56.             <dependency>
  57.                 <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
  58.                 <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
  59.                 <version>3.14.9</version>
  60.                 <scope>compile</scope>
  61.             </dependency>
  63.             <dependency>
  64.                 <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
  65.                 <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
  66.                 <version>1.1.7</version>
  67.             </dependency>
  69.             <dependency>
  70.                 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  71.                 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  72.                 <version>1.16.16</version>
  73.             </dependency>
  75.             <dependency>
  76.                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  77.                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-okhttp</artifactId>
  78.                 <version>${square.dependency.version}</version>
  79.             </dependency>
  81.             <dependency>
  82.                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  83.                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-retrofit</artifactId>
  84.                 <version>${square.dependency.version}</version>
  85.             </dependency>
  87.             <dependency>
  88.                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  89.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
  90.                 <version>${square.dependency.version}</version>
  91.             </dependency>
  93.             <dependency>
  94.                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  95.                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-retrofit-webclient</artifactId>
  96.                 <version>${square.dependency.version}</version>
  97.             </dependency>
  99.         </dependencies>
  100.     </dependencyManagement>
  102.     <build>
  103.         <plugins>
  104.             <plugin>
  105.                 <!--skip deploy (this is just a test module) -->
  106.                 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
  107.                 <configuration>
  108.                     <skip>true</skip>
  109.                 </configuration>
  110.             </plugin>
  111.             <plugin>
  112.                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  113.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  114.             </plugin>
  115.         </plugins>
  116.     </build>
  118.     <repositories>
  119.         <repository>
  120.             <id>spring-snapshots</id>
  121.             <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
  122.             <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
  123.             <snapshots>
  124.                 <enabled>true</enabled>
  125.             </snapshots>
  126.         </repository>
  127.         <repository>
  128.             <id>spring-milestones</id>
  129.             <name>Spring Milestones</name>
  130.             <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
  131.             <snapshots>
  132.                 <enabled>false</enabled>
  133.             </snapshots>
  134.         </repository>
  135.     </repositories>
  136.     <pluginRepositories>
  137.         <pluginRepository>
  138.             <id>spring-snapshots</id>
  139.             <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
  140.             <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
  141.             <snapshots>
  142.                 <enabled>true</enabled>
  143.             </snapshots>
  144.         </pluginRepository>
  145.         <pluginRepository>
  146.             <id>spring-milestones</id>
  147.             <name>Spring Milestones</name>
  148.             <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
  149.             <snapshots>
  150.                 <enabled>false</enabled>
  151.             </snapshots>
  152.         </pluginRepository>
  153.     </pluginRepositories>
  154. </project>

注册中心eureka

  • eureka应用并没有什么特别之处，pom.xml如下：
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  5.     <parent>
  6.         <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-tutorials</artifactId>
  7.         <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  8.         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  9.     </parent>
  10.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  12.     <artifactId>eureka</artifactId>
  14.     <properties>
  15.         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  16.         <start-class>com.bolingcavalry.eureka.EurekaApplication</start-class>
  17.     </properties>
  19.     <dependencies>
  20.         <dependency>
  21.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  22.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
  23.         </dependency>
  24.     </dependencies>
  26.     <dependencyManagement>
  27.         <dependencies>
  28.             <dependency>
  29.                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  30.                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
  31. <!--                <version>Finchley.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>-->
  32.                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
  33.                 <type>pom</type>
  34.                 <scope>import</scope>
  35.             </dependency>
  36.         </dependencies>
  37.     </dependencyManagement>
  39.     <build>
  40.         <plugins>
  42.             <plugin>
  43.                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  44.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  45.                 <!-- defined in spring-cloud-starter-parent pom (as documentation hint),
  46.                     but needs to be repeated here -->
  47.                 <configuration>
  48.                     <requiresUnpack>
  49.                         <dependency>
  50.                             <groupId>com.netflix.eureka</groupId>
  51.                             <artifactId>eureka-core</artifactId>
  52.                         </dependency>
  53.                         <dependency>
  54.                             <groupId>com.netflix.eureka</groupId>
  55.                             <artifactId>eureka-client</artifactId>
  56.                         </dependency>
  57.                     </requiresUnpack>
  58.                 </configuration>
  59.             </plugin>
  61.             <plugin>
  62.                 <!--skip deploy (this is just a test module) -->
  63.                 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
  64.                 <configuration>
  65.                     <skip>true</skip>
  66.                 </configuration>
  67.             </plugin>
  68.         </plugins>
  69.     </build>
  70. </project>
  • 中规中矩的配置文件application.yml，端口是8761，后面的应用也要保持一致：
  1. server:
  2.   port: 8761
  4. spring:
  5.   application:
  6.     name: eureka
  8. eureka:
  9.   client:
  10.     registerWithEureka: false
  11.     fetchRegistry: false
  12.   server:
  13.     waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty: 0
  • 启动类EurekaApplication.java，记得用注解EnableEurekaServer开启eureka服务：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.eureka;
  3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  5. import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
  7. @SpringBootApplication
  8. @EnableEurekaServer
  9. public class EurekaApplication {
  10.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  11.         SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
  12.     }
  13. }
  • eureka应用已经完成，接下来是服务提供者了

服务提供者provider

  • -新建名为provider的应用，pom.xml如下，可见是个普通的web工程，会将自己注册到eureka上去：
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  5.     <parent>
  6.         <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-tutorials</artifactId>
  7.         <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  8.         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  9.     </parent>
  10.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  12.     <artifactId>provider</artifactId>
  13.     <packaging>jar</packaging>
  15.     <dependencies>
  16.         <dependency>
  17.             <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  18.             <artifactId>client</artifactId>
  19.             <version>${project.version}</version>
  20.         </dependency>
  22.         <dependency>
  23.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  24.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  25.         </dependency>
  27.         <dependency>
  28.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  29.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-context</artifactId>
  30.         </dependency>
  32.         <dependency>
  33.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  34.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
  35.         </dependency>
  37.         <dependency>
  38.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  39.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  40.             <scope>test</scope>
  41.         </dependency>
  42.     </dependencies>
  44.     <build>
  45.         <plugins>
  46.             <!-- 如果父工程不是springboot，就要用以下方式使用插件，才能生成正常的jar -->
  47.             <plugin>
  48.                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  49.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  50.                 <configuration>
  51.                     <mainClass>com.bolingcavalry.provider.ProviderApplication</mainClass>
  52.                 </configuration>
  53.                 <executions>
  54.                     <execution>
  55.                         <goals>
  56.                             <goal>repackage</goal>
  57.                         </goals>
  58.                     </execution>
  59.                 </executions>
  60.             </plugin>
  61.         </plugins>
  62.     </build>
  63. </project>
  • 配置文件application.yml：
  1. spring:
  2.   application:
  3.     name: provider
  5. server:
  6.   port: 18080
  8. eureka:
  9.   client:
  10.     serviceUrl:
  11.       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  • 启动类ProviderApplication .java：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.provider;
  3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  6. @SpringBootApplication
  7. public class ProviderApplication {
  8.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  9.         SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
  10.     }
  11. }
  • web服务类，可见对外提供了两个接口hello-str和hello-obj，前者返回字符串，或者返回对象：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.provider.controller;
  3. import com.bolingcavalry.client.HelloResponse;
  4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  5. import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
  6. import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
  7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
  8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
  9. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
  10. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  11. import java.util.Date;
  12. import java.util.List;
  13. import java.util.Random;
  15. @RestController
  16. public class Hello {
  18.     public static final String HELLO_PREFIX = "Hello World";
  20.     @Autowired
  21.     DiscoveryClient client;
  23.     /**
  24.      * 随机取一个provider实例，返回其描述信息，
  25.      * 如果只有一个provider实例时，返回的就是当前服务信息
  26.      * @return
  27.      */
  28.     private String providerDescription() {
  29.         List<ServiceInstance> instances = client.getInstances("provider");
  30.         ServiceInstance selectedInstance = instances
  31.                 .get(new Random().nextInt(instances.size()));
  33.         return String.format("serviceId [%s], host [%s], port [%d]",
  34.                 selectedInstance.getServiceId(),
  35.                 selectedInstance.getHost(),
  36.                 selectedInstance.getPort());
  37.     }
  39.     private String dateStr(){
  40.         return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss").format(new Date());
  41.     }
  43.     @GetMapping("/hello-str")
  44.     public String helloStr() {
  45.         List<ServiceInstance> instances = client.getInstances("provider");
  46.         ServiceInstance selectedInstance = instances
  47.                 .get(new Random().nextInt(instances.size()));
  48.         return HELLO_PREFIX
  49.                 + " : "
  50.                 + providerDescription()
  51.                 + ", "
  52.                 + dateStr();
  53.     }
  55.     @GetMapping("/hello-obj")
  56.     public HelloResponse helloObj(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
  57.         return new HelloResponse(name, dateStr(), providerDescription());
  58.     }
  59. }
  • 这个provider应用算是个最朴实无华的web服务了

启动服务

  • 现在可以将eureka和provider服务先后启动，这样后面的应用编码完成后可以直接测试

consumer-okhttp，基于spring-cloud-square的okhttp能力

  • 接下来要创建的应用consumer-okhttp，使用的是spring-cloud-square三种能力的第一种：okhttp

  • pom.xml内容如下，重点是spring-cloud-square-okhttp和spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer这两个库的引入：

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  5.     <parent>
  6.         <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-tutorials</artifactId>
  7.         <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  8.         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  9.     </parent>
  10.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  12.     <artifactId>consumer-okhttp</artifactId>
  13.     <packaging>jar</packaging>
  15.     <dependencies>
  16.         <dependency>
  17.             <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  18.             <artifactId>client</artifactId>
  19.             <version>${project.version}</version>
  20.         </dependency>
  22.         <dependency>
  23.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  24.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  25.         </dependency>
  27.         <dependency>
  28.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  29.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  30.             <scope>test</scope>
  31.         </dependency>
  33.         <dependency>
  34.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  35.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
  36.             <scope>test</scope>
  37.         </dependency>
  39.         <dependency>
  40.             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  41.             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  42.         </dependency>
  44.         <dependency>
  45.             <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
  46.             <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
  47.             <scope>compile</scope>
  48.         </dependency>
  50.         <dependency>
  51.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  52.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
  53.         </dependency>
  55.         <dependency>
  56.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  57.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-okhttp</artifactId>
  58.             <version>0.4.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  59.             <scope>compile</scope>
  60.         </dependency>
  62.         <dependency>
  63.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  64.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
  65.         </dependency>
  66.     </dependencies>
  68.     <build>
  69.         <plugins>
  70.             <!-- 如果父工程不是springboot，就要用以下方式使用插件，才能生成正常的jar -->
  71.             <plugin>
  72.                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  73.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  74.                 <configuration>
  75.                     <mainClass>com.bolingcavalry.ConsumerApplication</mainClass>
  76.                 </configuration>
  77.                 <executions>
  78.                     <execution>
  79.                         <goals>
  80.                             <goal>repackage</goal>
  81.                         </goals>
  82.                     </execution>
  83.                 </executions>
  84.             </plugin>
  85.         </plugins>
  86.     </build>
  87. </project>
  • 配置文件application.yml，还是常见的那几个配置：应用名、端口、eureka：
  1. spring:
  2.   application:
  3.     name: consumer-okhttp
  5. server:
  6.   port: 18081
  8. eureka:
  9.   client:
  10.     serviceUrl:
  11.       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  • 启动类：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer;
  3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  6. @SpringBootApplication
  7. public class OkhttpApplication {
  8.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  9.         SpringApplication.run(OkhttpApplication.class, args);
  10.     }
  11. }
  • 接下来是重要的配置类OkHttpClientConfig.java，用于实例化OkHttpClient.Builder对象并注册到spring环境：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer;
  3. import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
  4. import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
  5. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  6. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  8. @Configuration
  9. class OkHttpClientConfig{
  10.     @Bean
  11.     @LoadBalanced
  12.     public OkHttpClient.Builder okHttpClientBuilder() {
  13.         return new OkHttpClient.Builder();
  14.     }
  15. }
  • 然后就可以使用这个Builder来创建OkHttpClient实例了，如下所示，可见入参request的url字段里使用了服务名provider，相当于OkHttpClient内如也能通过服务名取得具体的服务地址，至于是如何获取的，会在后面的文章详细分析，整段代码除了url使用服务名，并没有什么值得关注的地方了，普通的OkHttpClient使用而已：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer.controller;
  3. import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
  4. import okhttp3.Request;
  5. import okhttp3.Response;
  6. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
  8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
  9. import java.io.IOException;
  11. @RestController
  12. public class RemoteHello {
  13.     @Autowired
  14.     private OkHttpClient.Builder builder;
  16.     @GetMapping("/remote-str")
  17.     public String hello() throws IOException {
  18.         // 直接使用服务名
  19.         Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://provider/hello-str").build();
  21.         // 远程访问
  22.         Response response = builder.build().newCall(request).execute();
  24.         return "get remote response : " + response.body().string();
  25.     }
  26. }
  • 接下来看看单元测试代码，使用MockMvcRequestBuilders构造http请求，检查返回码和返回内容：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer.controller;
  3. import com.bolingcavalry.client.Constants;
  4. import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  5. import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  6. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  7. import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
  8. import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
  9. import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
  10. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
  11. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
  12. import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
  13. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
  14. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
  15. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
  17. @SpringBootTest
  18. @AutoConfigureMockMvc
  19. @Slf4j
  20. class RemoteHelloTest {
  22.     @Autowired
  23.     private MockMvc mvc;
  25.     @Test
  26.     void hello() throws Exception {
  27.         String responseString = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/remote-str").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
  28.                 .andExpect(status().isOk())
  29.                 .andExpect(content().string(containsString(Constants.HELLO_PREFIX)))
  30.                 .andDo(print())
  31.                 .andReturn()
  32.                 .getResponse()
  33.                 .getContentAsString();
  35.         log.info("response in junit test :\n" + responseString);
  36.     }
  37. }
  • 如果eureka和provider都运行起来了，那么此时可以直接运行单元测试类，顺利通过测试，如下图：

consumer-retrofit-okhttp，基于spring-cloud-square的okhttp能力

  • 接下来的两个应用都使用了当下热门的retrofit，再搭配Spring Cloud LoadBalance实现服务注册发现，当然了retrofit自身无法完成网络请求处理，要依赖其他库，先看okhttp库的

  • 新建应用consumer-retrofit-okhttp，其pom.xml如下，要注意的必须依赖spring-cloud-square-retrofit和spring-cloud-square-okhttp，另外，为了：

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  5.     <parent>
  6.         <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-tutorials</artifactId>
  7.         <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  8.         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  9.     </parent>
  10.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  11.     <artifactId>consumer-retrofit-okhttp</artifactId>
  13.     <dependencies>
  14.         <dependency>
  15.             <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  16.             <artifactId>client</artifactId>
  17.             <version>${project.version}</version>
  18.         </dependency>
  19.         <dependency>
  20.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  21.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
  22.         </dependency>
  23.         <dependency>
  24.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  25.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  26.         </dependency>
  27.         <dependency>
  28.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  29.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
  30.         </dependency>
  31.         <dependency>
  32.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  33.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-retrofit</artifactId>
  34.             <version>0.4.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  35.         </dependency>
  37.         <dependency>
  38.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  39.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-okhttp</artifactId>
  40.             <version>0.4.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  41.         </dependency>
  43.         <dependency>
  44.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  45.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  46.             <scope>test</scope>
  47.         </dependency>
  49.     </dependencies>
  51.     <build>
  52.         <plugins>
  53.             <plugin>
  54.                 <!--skip deploy (this is just a test module) -->
  55.                 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
  56.                 <configuration>
  57.                     <skip>true</skip>
  58.                 </configuration>
  59.             </plugin>
  60.             <plugin>
  61.                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  62.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  63.             </plugin>
  64.         </plugins>
  65.     </build>
  66. </project>
  • 配置文件：
  1. spring:
  2.   application:
  3.     name: consumer-retrofit-okhttp
  4. server:
  5.   port: 18082
  6. eureka:
  7.   client:
  8.     serviceUrl:
  9.       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  • 启动类：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer;
  3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  6. @SpringBootApplication
  7. public class RetrofitOkhttpApplication {
  8.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  9.         SpringApplication.run(RetrofitOkhttpApplication.class, args);
  10.     }
  11. }
  • 配置类，和前一个应用的没啥区别，想想也是，底层可不都是okhttp么：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer;
  3. import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
  4. import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
  5. import org.springframework.cloud.square.retrofit.EnableRetrofitClients;
  6. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  7. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  9. @Configuration
  10. @EnableRetrofitClients
  11. class OkHttpClientConfig{
  12.     @Bean
  13.     @LoadBalanced
  14.     public OkHttpClient.Builder okHttpClientBuilder() {
  15.         return new OkHttpClient.Builder();
  16.     }
  17. }
  • 接下来，有趣的部分出现了，先定义HelloService.java，里面的注解RetrofitClient指定了对应的服务名provider，在hello方法生，用GET注解指定了provider提供的web接口，而且hello方法的返回值Call，和provider服务中hello-obj的返回值HelloResponse也是对应的，还有就是hello的入参对应着provider服务中hello-obj的入参，很熟悉吧，确实，和feign太像了：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer.service;
  3. import com.bolingcavalry.client.HelloResponse;
  4. import org.springframework.cloud.square.retrofit.core.RetrofitClient;
  5. import retrofit2.Call;
  6. import retrofit2.http.GET;
  7. import retrofit2.http.Query;
  9. @RetrofitClient("provider")
  10. public interface HelloService {
  12.     @GET("/hello-obj")
  13.     Call<HelloResponse> hello(@Query("name") String name);
  14. }
  • 接下来是调用provider服务中hello-obj接口的代码RemoteHello.java，如下所示，神奇的一幕出现了，刚才咱们只写了HelloService接口，并没有写它的实现，但是通过Autowired注解却能 从spring环境拿到实例直接使用，在hello方法中，并没有见到远程调用的代码，而是执行helloService.hello，就能发起远程调用，拿到provider返回的结果：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer.controller;
  3. import com.bolingcavalry.client.HelloResponse;
  4. import com.bolingcavalry.consumer.service.HelloService;
  5. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  6. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
  7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
  8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
  9. import java.io.IOException;
  11. @RestController
  12. public class RemoteHello {
  13.     @Autowired(required = false)
  14.     HelloService helloService;
  16.     @GetMapping("/remote-obj")
  17.     public HelloResponse hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) throws IOException {
  18.         return helloService.hello(name).execute().body();
  19.     }
  20. }

  • 看到这里，聪明的您一定会觉得欣宸就是个没见过世面的乡巴佬：定义HelloService 接口，无需开发实现类，这玩意在mybatis不就有了嘛，居然敢说"神奇"，我觉得您说得对，欣宸确实没见识，大惊小怪的...

  • 单元测试类如下，由于返回的是json对象，因此可以用andExpect方法再配合MockMvcResultMatchers，对json进行检查：

  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer.controller;
  3. import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  4. import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
  5. import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  6. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  7. import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
  8. import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
  9. import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
  10. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
  11. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
  12. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
  13. import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
  15. import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
  16. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
  17. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
  18. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
  20. @SpringBootTest
  21. @AutoConfigureMockMvc
  22. @Slf4j
  23. class RemoteHelloTest {
  25.     private MockMvc mvc;
  27.     @Autowired
  28.     private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
  30.     @BeforeEach
  31.     public void setUp() {
  32.         // 在单元测试的时候，MockHttpServletResponse实例的characterEncoding默认是ISO-8859-1，
  33.         // 得到的字符串打印出来也是乱码，
  34.         // 下面的设置可以解决此问题
  35.         if (null==mvc) {
  36.             mvc = MockMvcBuilders
  37.                     .webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext)
  38.                     .addFilter((request, response, chain) -> {
  39.                         response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // this is crucial
  40.                         chain.doFilter(request, response);
  41.                     }, "/*")
  42.                     .build();
  43.         }
  44.     }
  46.     @Test
  47.     void hello() throws Exception {
  48.         // 请求参数是用户名，实时生成一个
  49.         String name = System.currentTimeMillis() + "程序员A";
  51.         // 请求
  52.         String responseString = mvc.perform(
  53.                 MockMvcRequestBuilders
  54.                         .get("/remote-obj")
  55.                         .param("name", name)
  56.                         .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
  57.         )
  58.                 .andExpect(status().isOk())                           // 验证状态
  59.                 .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name", is(name)))    // 验证json中返回的字段是否含有name
  60.                 .andDo(print())
  61.                 .andReturn()
  62.                 .getResponse()
  63.                 .getContentAsString();
  65.         log.info("response in junit test :\n" + responseString);
  66.     }
  67. }
  • 执行单元测试，如下图，顺利通过：

consumer-retrofit-webflux，基于spring-cloud-square的retrofit + webflux

  • 最后登场的是consumer-retrofit-webflux，pom.xml如下，依赖库是spring-cloud-square-retrofit + spring-boot-starter-webflux的组合：
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  5.     <parent>
  6.         <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-tutorials</artifactId>
  7.         <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  8.         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  9.     </parent>
  10.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  12.     <artifactId>consumer-retrofit-webflux</artifactId>
  14.     <dependencies>
  15.         <dependency>
  16.             <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
  17.             <artifactId>client</artifactId>
  18.             <version>${project.version}</version>
  19.         </dependency>
  20.         <dependency>
  21.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  22.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
  23.         </dependency>
  24.         <dependency>
  25.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  26.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  27.         </dependency>
  28.         <dependency>
  29.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  30.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
  31.         </dependency>
  32.         <dependency>
  33.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  34.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-retrofit</artifactId>
  35.             <version>0.4.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  36.         </dependency>
  38.         <dependency>
  39.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  40.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-square-retrofit-webclient</artifactId>
  41.         </dependency>
  43.         <dependency>
  44.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  45.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
  46.         </dependency>
  48.         <dependency>
  49.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  50.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  51.             <scope>test</scope>
  52.         </dependency>
  54.     </dependencies>
  56.     <build>
  57.         <plugins>
  58.             <plugin>
  59.                 <!--skip deploy (this is just a test module) -->
  60.                 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
  61.                 <configuration>
  62.                     <skip>true</skip>
  63.                 </configuration>
  64.             </plugin>
  65.             <plugin>
  66.                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  67.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  68.             </plugin>
  69.         </plugins>
  70.     </build>
  71. </project>
  • 配置文件application.yml:
  1. spring:
  2.   application:
  3.     name: consumer-retrofit-webflux
  5. server:
  6.   port: 18083
  8. eureka:
  9.   client:
  10.     serviceUrl:
  11.       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  • 启动类RetrofitWebfluxApplication.java
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer;
  3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  6. @SpringBootApplication
  7. public class RetrofitWebfluxApplication {
  8.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  9.         SpringApplication.run(RetrofitWebfluxApplication.class, args);
  10.     }
  11. }
  • 配置类AppConfiguration.java，使用的注解是EnableRetrofitClients，实例化的Buider对象是WebClient.Builder，和前面的不一样，要格外注意：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer;
  3. import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
  4. import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
  5. import org.springframework.cloud.square.retrofit.webclient.EnableRetrofitClients;
  6. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  7. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  8. import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
  10. @Configuration
  11. @EnableRetrofitClients
  12. class AppConfiguration {
  13.     @Bean
  14.     @LoadBalanced
  15.     public WebClient.Builder builder() {
  16.         return WebClient.builder();
  17.     }
  18. }
  • 接下来是接口定义，注意hello方法的返回值是Mono，这是weflux风格的返回值，代表异步的0个或一个元素：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer.service;
  3. import com.bolingcavalry.client.HelloResponse;
  4. import org.springframework.cloud.square.retrofit.core.RetrofitClient;
  5. import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
  6. import retrofit2.http.GET;
  7. import retrofit2.http.Query;
  9. @RetrofitClient("provider")
  10. public interface HelloService {
  12.     @GET("/hello-obj")
  13.     Mono<HelloResponse> hello(@Query("name") String name);
  14. }
  • 最后是单元测试类，和前面的没啥区别：
  1. package com.bolingcavalry.consumer.controller;
  3. import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  4. import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
  5. import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  6. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  7. import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
  8. import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
  9. import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
  10. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
  11. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
  12. import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
  13. import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
  14. import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
  15. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
  16. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
  17. import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
  19. @SpringBootTest
  20. @AutoConfigureMockMvc
  21. @Slf4j
  22. class RemoteHelloTest {
  24.     private MockMvc mvc;
  26.     @Autowired
  27.     private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
  29.     @BeforeEach
  30.     public void setUp() {
  31.         // 在单元测试的时候，MockHttpServletResponse实例的characterEncoding默认是ISO-8859-1，
  32.         // 得到的字符串打印出来也是乱码，
  33.         // 下面的设置可以解决此问题
  34.         if (null==mvc) {
  35.             mvc = MockMvcBuilders
  36.                     .webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext)
  37.                     .addFilter((request, response, chain) -> {
  38.                         response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // this is crucial
  39.                         chain.doFilter(request, response);
  40.                     }, "/*")
  41.                     .build();
  42.         }
  43.     }
  45.     @Test
  46.     void hello() throws Exception {
  47.         // 请求参数是用户名，实时生成一个
  48.         String name = System.currentTimeMillis() + "程序员B";
  50.         // 请求
  51.         String responseString = mvc.perform(
  52.                 MockMvcRequestBuilders
  53.                         .get("/remote-obj")
  54.                         .param("name", name)
  55.                         .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
  56.         )
  57.                 .andExpect(status().isOk())                           // 验证状态
  58.                 .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name", is(name)))    // 验证json中返回的字段是否含有name
  59.                 .andDo(print())
  60.                 .andReturn()
  61.                 .getResponse()
  62.                 .getContentAsString();
  64.         log.info("response in junit test :\n" + responseString);
  65.     }
  66. }
  • 运行单元测试，如下图，顺利通过，并且红框中所示的中文也没有乱码：

  • 至此，spring-cloud-square的三种类型，咱们全部编码体验了一遍，聪明的您当然不会只满足于使用它们，接下来文章，咱们就去深入spring-cloud-square源码，研究其实现的细节，欣宸原创，必不会辜负您的期待！

你不孤单，欣宸原创一路相伴

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  5. 数据库+中间件系列
  6. DevOps系列

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