MySQL 5.7 reference about JSON

最近需要用到MySQL 5.7中的JSON，总结一下MySQL中关于JSON的内容

参考：

11.6 The JSON Data Type

12.16 JSON Functions

JSON Function Reference

Functions That Create JSON Values

JSON_ARRAY([val[, val] ...])

构造并返回一个JSON数组

mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY(1, "abc", NULL, TRUE, CURTIME());
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY(1, "abc", NULL, TRUE, CURTIME()) |
+---------------------------------------------+
| [1, "abc", null, true, "11:30:24.000000"]   |
+---------------------------------------------+

JSON_OBJECT([key, val[, key, val] ...])

通过键值对列表返回一个JSON对象

mysql> SELECT JSON_OBJECT('id', 87, 'name', 'carrot');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_OBJECT('id', 87, 'name', 'carrot') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| {"id": 87, "name": "carrot"}            |
+-----------------------------------------+

JSON_QUOTE(json_val)

产生JSON字符串

mysql> SELECT JSON_QUOTE('null'), JSON_QUOTE('"null"');
+--------------------+----------------------+
| JSON_QUOTE('null') | JSON_QUOTE('"null"') |
+--------------------+----------------------+
| "null"             | "\"null\""           |
+--------------------+----------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_QUOTE('[1, 2, 3]');
+-------------------------+
| JSON_QUOTE('[1, 2, 3]') |
+-------------------------+
| "[1, 2, 3]"             |
+-------------------------+

Functions That Search JSON Values

JSON_CONTAINS(json_doc, val[, path])

返回0 or 1来表示一个特定的值是否在目标JSON文档中

mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}';
mysql> SET @j2 = '';
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.a');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.a') |
+-------------------------------+
|                             1 |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.b');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.b') |
+-------------------------------+
|                             0 |
+-------------------------------+

mysql> SET @j2 = '{"d": 4}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.a');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.a') |
+-------------------------------+
|                             0 |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.c');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.c') |
+-------------------------------+
|                             1 |
+-------------------------------+

JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(json_doc, one_or_all, path[, path] ...)

返回0 or 1来表示一个JSON文档是否包含一个或多个给定的数据

参数：

• 'one': 1 if at least one path exists within the document, 0 otherwise.
• 'all': 1 if all paths exist within the document, 0 otherwise.

mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
|                                           1 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
|                                           0 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.c.d');
+----------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.c.d') |
+----------------------------------------+
|                                      1 |
+----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a.d');
+----------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a.d') |
+----------------------------------------+
|                                      0 |
+----------------------------------------+

JSON_EXTRACT(json_doc, path[, path] ...)

从JSON文档返回数据，注意5.7.9以上用->代替

mysql> SELECT c, JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.id"), g
     > FROM jemp
     > WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.id") > 1
     > ORDER BY JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.name");
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| c                             | c->"$.id" | g    |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| {"id": "3", "name": "Barney"} | "3"       |    3 |
| {"id": "4", "name": "Betty"}  | "4"       |    4 |
| {"id": "2", "name": "Wilma"}  | "2"       |    2 |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT c, c->"$.id", g
     > FROM jemp
     > WHERE c->"$.id" > 1
     > ORDER BY c->"$.name";
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| c                             | c->"$.id" | g    |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| {"id": "3", "name": "Barney"} | "3"       |    3 |
| {"id": "4", "name": "Betty"}  | "4"       |    4 |
| {"id": "2", "name": "Wilma"}  | "2"       |    2 |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

->符号可以用在非select中，表示某个JSON key的value

mysql> ALTER TABLE jemp ADD COLUMN n INT;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.68 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> UPDATE jemp SET n=1 WHERE c->"$.id" = "4";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT c, c->"$.id", g, n
     > FROM jemp
     > WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.id") > 1
     > ORDER BY c->"$.name";
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+------+
| c                             | c->"$.id" | g    | n    |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+------+
| {"id": "3", "name": "Barney"} | "3"       |    3 | NULL |
| {"id": "4", "name": "Betty"}  | "4"       |    4 |    1 |
| {"id": "2", "name": "Wilma"}  | "2"       |    2 | NULL |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DELETE FROM jemp WHERE c->"$.id" = "4";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> SELECT c, c->"$.id", g, n
     > FROM jemp
     > WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.id") > 1
     > ORDER BY c->"$.name";
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+------+
| c                             | c->"$.id" | g    | n    |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+------+
| {"id": "3", "name": "Barney"} | "3"       |    3 | NULL |
| {"id": "2", "name": "Wilma"}  | "2"       |    2 | NULL |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

->符号还可以用在json数组中

mysql> CREATE TABLE tj10 (a JSON, b INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.26 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO tj10
     > VALUES ("[3,10,5,17,44]", 33), ("[3,10,5,17,[22,44,66]]", 0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> SELECT a->"$[]" FROM tj10;
+--------------+
| a->"$[]"    |
+--------------+
| 44           |
| [22, 44, 66] |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM tj10 WHERE a->"$[]" = 3;
+------------------------------+------+
| a                            | b    |
+------------------------------+------+
| [3, 10, 5, 17, 44]           |   33 |
| [3, 10, 5, 17, [22, 44, 66]] |    0 |
+------------------------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

->符号如果没有匹配的key，可以用NULL表示

mysql> SELECT * FROM tj10 WHERE a->"$[][]" IS NOT NULL;
+------------------------------+------+
| a                            | b    |
+------------------------------+------+
| [3, 10, 5, 17, [22, 44, 66]] |    0 |
+------------------------------+------+

mysql> SELECT a->"$[][]" FROM tj10;
+--------------+
| a->"$[][]" |
+--------------+
| NULL         |
| 44           |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

JSON_KEYS(json_doc[, path])

列出所有KEY或指定KEY

mysql> SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}');
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}') |
+---------------------------------------+
| ["a", "b"]                            |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b');
+----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b') |
+----------------------------------------------+
| ["c"]                                        |
+----------------------------------------------+

JSON_SEARCH(json_doc, one_or_all, search_str[, escape_char[, path] ...])

查找元素，返回位置

• 'one': The search terminates after the first match and returns one path string. It is undefined which match is considered first.

• 'all': The search returns all matching path strings such that no duplicate paths are included. If there are multiple strings, they are autowrapped as an array. The order of the array elements is undefined.

mysql> SET @j = '["abc", [{"k": "10"}, "def"], {"x":"abc"}, {"y":"bcd"}]';

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| "$[]"                        |
+-------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[].x"]            |
+-------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi') |
+-------------------------------+
| NULL                          |
+-------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '');
+------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '') |
+------------------------------+
| "$[][].k"                  |
+------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| "$[][].k"                             |
+-----------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[*]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[*]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[][].k"                                |
+--------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$**.k');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$**.k') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[][].k"                                 |
+---------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[*][0].k');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[*][0].k') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| "$[][].k"                                     |
+-------------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[1]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[1]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[][].k"                                |
+--------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[1][0]');
+-----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '', NULL, '$[1][0]') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| "$[][].k"                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[].x"                                    |
+---------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[].x"]            |
+-------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[].x", "$[].y"]  |
+-------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[]"                                      |
+---------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[].x"                                    |
+---------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| NULL                                        |
+---------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| NULL                                      |
+-------------------------------------------+

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| "$[].y"                                  |
+-------------------------------------------+

Functions That Modify JSON Values

JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

在JSON数组指定位置追加元素，并返回结果

mysql> SET @j = '["a", ["b", "c"], "d"]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1]', 1);
+----------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1]', 1) |
+----------------------------------+
| ["a", ["b", "c", 1], "d"]        |
+----------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[0]', 2);
+----------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[0]', 2) |
+----------------------------------+
| [["a", 2], ["b", "c"], "d"]      |
+----------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1][0]', 3);
+-------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1][0]', 3) |
+-------------------------------------+
| ["a", [["b", 3], "c"], "d"]         |
+-------------------------------------+

mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": 4}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.b', 'x');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.b', 'x')  |
+------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3, "x"], "c": 4} |
+------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.c', 'y');
+--------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.c', 'y')    |
+--------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": [4, "y"]} |
+--------------------------------------+

mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$', 'z');
+---------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$', 'z') |
+---------------------------------+
| [{"a": 1}, "z"]                 |
+---------------------------------+

JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

在JSON数组指定位置插入元素，并返回结果

mysql> SET @j = '["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1]', 'x');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1]', 'x') |
+------------------------------------+
| ["a", "x", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]  |
+------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[100]', 'x');
+--------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[100]', 'x') |
+--------------------------------------+
| ["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4], "x"]    |
+--------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1].b[0]', 'x');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1].b[0]', 'x') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| ["a", {"b": ["x", 1, 2]}, [3, 4]]       |
+-----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[2][1]', 'y');
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[2][1]', 'y') |
+---------------------------------------+
| ["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, "y", 4]]     |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[0]', 'x', '$[2][1]', 'y');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[0]', 'x', '$[2][1]', 'y') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| ["x", "a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]                  |
+----------------------------------------------------+

JSON_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

若键值对不在JSON对象中，则插入并返回

mysql> SET @j = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"}        |
+----------------------------------------------------+

JSON_MERGE(json_doc, json_doc[, json_doc] ...)

合并json数据并返回结果

mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '[true, false]');
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '[true, false]') |
+---------------------------------------+
| [1, 2, true, false]                   |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('{"name": "x"}', '{"id": 47}');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('{"name": "x"}', '{"id": 47}') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| {"id": 47, "name": "x"}                   |
+-------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('', 'true');
+-------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('', 'true') |
+-------------------------+
| [1, true]               |
+-------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '{"id": 47}');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '{"id": 47}') |
+------------------------------------+
| [1, 2, {"id": 47}]                 |
+------------------------------------+

JSON_REMOVE(json_doc, path[, path] ...)

删除并返回结果

mysql> SET @j = '["a", ["b", "c"], "d"]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_REMOVE(@j, '$[1]');
+-------------------------+
| JSON_REMOVE(@j, '$[1]') |
+-------------------------+
| ["a", "d"]              |
+-------------------------+

JSON_REPLACE(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

替换并返回结果，如果不存在则无操作

mysql> SET @j = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3]}                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------+

JSON_SET(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)

set insert replace三者比较

• JSON_SET() replaces existing values and adds nonexisting values.
• JSON_INSERT() inserts values without replacing existing values.
• JSON_REPLACE() replaces only existing values.

mysql> SET @j = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_SET(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SET(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"}    |
+-------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"}        |
+----------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3]}                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------+

Functions That Return JSON Value Attributes

返回JSON相关属性，不常用，直接参考文档