Direct2D 几何篇
微软文档：Geometries overview
本篇通过官方文档学习，整理出来的demo，初始样本请先创建一个普通的desktop app。
// Test_Direct2D_Brush.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
// #include "framework.h"
#include "Test_Direct2D_Brush.h"
#include <d2d1.h>
#include <wincodec.h> #pragma comment(lib, "D2d1.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "Windowscodecs.lib") #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 template <class T> void SafeRelease(T** ppT)
{
if (*ppT)
{
(*ppT)->Release();
*ppT = NULL;
}
} HWND hWnd;
ID2D1Factory* l;
ID2D1HwndRenderTarget* m_pRenderTarget;
ID2D1SolidColorBrush* m_pSceneBrush;
ID2D1GradientStopCollection* pGradientStops = NULL;
ID2D1RadialGradientBrush* m_pRadialGradientBrush;
ID2D1EllipseGeometry* m_pEllipseGeometry1, * m_pEllipseGeometry2, * m_pEllipseGeometry3, * m_pEllipseGeometry4, *m_pCircleGeometry1,*m_pCircleGeometry2;
ID2D1GeometryGroup* m_pGeoGroup_AlternateFill,*m_pGeoGroup_WindingFill;
ID2D1RectangleGeometry* m_pRectangleGeometry;
ID2D1TransformedGeometry *m_pTransformedGeometry;
ID2D1GeometrySink* pGeometrySink = NULL;
ID2D1PathGeometry* m_pPathGeometryUnion,* m_pLeftMountainGeometry,* m_pRightMountainGeometry,* m_pSunGeometry,* m_pRiverGeometry;
ID2D1Geometry* pGeometry;
ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink* pGeometrySink1; // Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // the main window class name // Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
void Render();
void DiscardGraphicsResources();
void Geometry(); int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
_In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine,
_In_ int nCmdShow)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine); // TODO: Place code here. // Initialize global strings
LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_TESTDIRECT2DBRUSH, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
MyRegisterClass(hInstance); // Perform application initialization:
if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
{
return FALSE;
} HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_TESTDIRECT2DBRUSH)); MSG msg; // Main message loop:
while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
{
if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
} return (int) msg.wParam;
} //
// FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
// PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASSEXW wcex; wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_TESTDIRECT2DBRUSH));
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_TESTDIRECT2DBRUSH);
wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL)); return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
} //
// FUNCTION: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
// PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
// COMMENTS:
//
// In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
// create and display the main program window.
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable
HRESULT hr = D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &l);
hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr); if (!hWnd)
{
return FALSE;
} ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd); return TRUE;
} //
// FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
// PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.
//
// WM_COMMAND - process the application menu
// WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
// WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
{
int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
// Parse the menu selections:
switch (wmId)
{
case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
{
// PAINTSTRUCT ps;
// HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// TODO: Add any drawing code that uses hdc here...
Render();
ValidateRect(hWnd, NULL);
// EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
} // Message handler for about box.
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
return (INT_PTR)TRUE; case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
}
break;
}
return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
} void Render()
{
RECT rc;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc); D2D1_SIZE_U size = D2D1::SizeU(
rc.right - rc.left,
rc.bottom - rc.top
);
HRESULT hr = l->CreateHwndRenderTarget(
D2D1::RenderTargetProperties(),
D2D1::HwndRenderTargetProperties(hWnd, size),
&m_pRenderTarget
); m_pRenderTarget->BeginDraw(); m_pRenderTarget->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White));
/*************************************************************************************/
Geometry(); /*************************************************************************************/
hr = m_pRenderTarget->EndDraw(); if (FAILED(hr) || hr == D2DERR_RECREATE_TARGET)
{
DiscardGraphicsResources();
}
} void DiscardGraphicsResources()
{
SafeRelease(&m_pRenderTarget);
} void Geometry()
{
HRESULT hr = l->CreateEllipseGeometry(
D2D1::Ellipse(D2D1::Point2F(160.f, 120.f), 25.f, 25.f),
&m_pEllipseGeometry1);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = l->CreateEllipseGeometry(
D2D1::Ellipse(D2D1::Point2F(160.f, 120.f), 50.f, 50.f),
&m_pEllipseGeometry2);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = l->CreateEllipseGeometry(
D2D1::Ellipse(D2D1::Point2F(160.f, 120.f), 75.f, 75.f),
&m_pEllipseGeometry3);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = l->CreateEllipseGeometry(
D2D1::Ellipse(D2D1::Point2F(160.f, 120.f), 100.f, 100.f),
&m_pEllipseGeometry4);
} ID2D1Geometry* ppGeometries[] =
{
m_pEllipseGeometry1,
m_pEllipseGeometry2,
m_pEllipseGeometry3,
m_pEllipseGeometry4
};
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = l->CreateGeometryGroup(
D2D1_FILL_MODE_ALTERNATE,
ppGeometries,
ARRAYSIZE(ppGeometries),
&m_pGeoGroup_AlternateFill
);
} if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = l->CreateGeometryGroup(
D2D1_FILL_MODE_WINDING,
ppGeometries,
ARRAYSIZE(ppGeometries),
&m_pGeoGroup_WindingFill
);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = m_pRenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(
D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1.0F),
&m_pBlackBrush);
}
// m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pGeoGroup_AlternateFill, m_pBlackBrush, 2);
// m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pGeoGroup_WindingFill, m_pBlackBrush, 2);
/****************************************************************************************/
//变换后的几何
hr = l->CreateRectangleGeometry(
D2D1::RectF(150.f, 150.f, 200.f, 200.f),
&m_pRectangleGeometry
);
// Draw the untransformed rectangle geometry.
// m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pRectangleGeometry, m_pBlackBrush, 1);
//Transform the render target, then draw the rectangle geometry again.
m_pRenderTarget->SetTransform(
D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Scale(
D2D1::SizeF(3.f, 3.f),
D2D1::Point2F(175.f, 175.f)) //上面小矩形的中心点坐标
);
// m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pRectangleGeometry, m_pBlackBrush, 1); hr = l->CreateTransformedGeometry(
m_pRectangleGeometry,
D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Scale(
D2D1::SizeF(3.f, 3.f),
D2D1::Point2F(175.f, 175.f)),
&m_pTransformedGeometry
);
// Replace the previous render target transform.
m_pRenderTarget->SetTransform(D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Identity()); //顾名思义，上面的m_pRenderTarget->SetTransform的设置无效了 // Draw the transformed geometry.
// m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pTransformedGeometry, m_pBlackBrush, 1); //另一种缩放方法，不同之处在于笔的粗细没有受影响
/*****************************************************************************************/
//组合几何
// Create the first ellipse geometry to merge.
const D2D1_ELLIPSE circle1 = D2D1::Ellipse(
D2D1::Point2F(75.0f, 75.0f),
50.0f,
50.0f
);
hr = l->CreateEllipseGeometry(
circle1,
&m_pCircleGeometry1
);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the second ellipse geometry to merge.
const D2D1_ELLIPSE circle2 = D2D1::Ellipse(
D2D1::Point2F(125.0f, 75.0f),
50.0f,
50.0f
); hr = l->CreateEllipseGeometry(circle2, &m_pCircleGeometry2);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
//
// Use D2D1_COMBINE_MODE_UNION to combine the geometries.
//
hr = l->CreatePathGeometry(&m_pPathGeometryUnion); if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = m_pPathGeometryUnion->Open(&pGeometrySink); if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = m_pCircleGeometry1->CombineWithGeometry(
m_pCircleGeometry2,
D2D1_COMBINE_MODE_UNION,
NULL,
NULL,
pGeometrySink
);
} if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = pGeometrySink->Close();
} SafeRelease(&pGeometrySink);
}
}
// m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pPathGeometryUnion, m_pBlackBrush, 1); // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/direct2d/direct2d-geometries-overview#widen
// widen方法还没实现
/* hr = m_pPathGeometryUnion->Open(&pGeometrySink);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = pGeometry->Widen(
2,
NULL,
NULL,
pGeometrySink1
);*/
/****************************************************************************/
//Create a Complex Drawing
//左边山
hr = l->CreatePathGeometry(&m_pLeftMountainGeometry);
ID2D1GeometrySink* pSink = NULL;
hr = m_pLeftMountainGeometry->Open(&pSink);
pSink->SetFillMode(D2D1_FILL_MODE_WINDING);
pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(346, 255),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED
);
D2D1_POINT_2F points[5] = {
D2D1::Point2F(267, 177),
D2D1::Point2F(236, 192),
D2D1::Point2F(212, 160),
D2D1::Point2F(156, 255),
D2D1::Point2F(346, 255),
};
pSink->AddLines(points, ARRAYSIZE(points));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_CLOSED);
hr = pSink->Close();
//右边山
hr = l->CreatePathGeometry(&m_pRightMountainGeometry);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = m_pRightMountainGeometry->Open(&pSink);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
pSink->SetFillMode(D2D1_FILL_MODE_WINDING); pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(575, 263),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED
);
D2D1_POINT_2F points[] = {
D2D1::Point2F(481, 146),
D2D1::Point2F(449, 181),
D2D1::Point2F(433, 159),
D2D1::Point2F(401, 214),
D2D1::Point2F(381, 199),
D2D1::Point2F(323, 263),
D2D1::Point2F(575, 263)
};
pSink->AddLines(points, ARRAYSIZE(points));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_CLOSED);
}
hr = pSink->Close();
}
//太阳
hr = l->CreatePathGeometry(&m_pSunGeometry);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = m_pSunGeometry->Open(&pSink);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
pSink->SetFillMode(D2D1_FILL_MODE_WINDING); pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(270, 255),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED
);
pSink->AddArc(
D2D1::ArcSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(440, 255), // end point
D2D1::SizeF(85, 85),
0.0f, // rotation angle
D2D1_SWEEP_DIRECTION_CLOCKWISE,
D2D1_ARC_SIZE_SMALL
));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_CLOSED); pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(299, 182),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_HOLLOW
);
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(299, 182),
D2D1::Point2F(294, 176),
D2D1::Point2F(285, 178)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(276, 179),
D2D1::Point2F(272, 173),
D2D1::Point2F(272, 173)
));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_OPEN); pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(354, 156),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_HOLLOW
);
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(354, 156),
D2D1::Point2F(358, 149),
D2D1::Point2F(354, 142)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(349, 134),
D2D1::Point2F(354, 127),
D2D1::Point2F(354, 127)
));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_OPEN); pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(322, 164),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_HOLLOW
);
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(322, 164),
D2D1::Point2F(322, 156),
D2D1::Point2F(314, 152)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(306, 149),
D2D1::Point2F(305, 141),
D2D1::Point2F(305, 141)
));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_OPEN); pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(385, 164),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_HOLLOW
);
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(385, 164),
D2D1::Point2F(392, 161),
D2D1::Point2F(394, 152)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(395, 144),
D2D1::Point2F(402, 141),
D2D1::Point2F(402, 142)
));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_OPEN); pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(408, 182),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_HOLLOW
);
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(408, 182),
D2D1::Point2F(416, 184),
D2D1::Point2F(422, 178)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(428, 171),
D2D1::Point2F(435, 173),
D2D1::Point2F(435, 173)
));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_OPEN);
}
hr = pSink->Close();
}
//河流
hr = l->CreatePathGeometry(&m_pRiverGeometry); if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = m_pRiverGeometry->Open(&pSink);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
pSink->SetFillMode(D2D1_FILL_MODE_WINDING);
pSink->BeginFigure(
D2D1::Point2F(183, 392),
D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED
);
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(238, 284),
D2D1::Point2F(472, 345),
D2D1::Point2F(356, 303)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(237, 261),
D2D1::Point2F(333, 256),
D2D1::Point2F(333, 256)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(335, 257),
D2D1::Point2F(241, 261),
D2D1::Point2F(411, 306)
));
pSink->AddBezier(
D2D1::BezierSegment(
D2D1::Point2F(574, 350),
D2D1::Point2F(288, 324),
D2D1::Point2F(296, 392)
));
pSink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_OPEN);
}
hr = pSink->Close(); SafeRelease(&pSink);
}
//着色
m_pRenderTarget->SetTransform(D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Identity()); m_pRenderTarget->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White)); //D2D1_SIZE_F rtSize = m_pRenderTarget->GetSize();
//m_pRenderTarget->FillRectangle(
// D2D1::RectF(0, 0, rtSize.width, rtSize.height),
// m_pGridPatternBitmapBrush
//); D2D1_GRADIENT_STOP gradientStops[2];
gradientStops[0].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Yellow, 1);
gradientStops[0].position = 0.0f;
gradientStops[1].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::OrangeRed, 1);
gradientStops[1].position = 1.0f;
hr = m_pRenderTarget->CreateGradientStopCollection(
gradientStops,
2,
D2D1_GAMMA_2_2,
D2D1_EXTEND_MODE_CLAMP,
&pGradientStops
);
m_pRenderTarget->CreateRadialGradientBrush(
D2D1::RadialGradientBrushProperties(
D2D1::Point2F(355, 255),
D2D1::Point2F(0, 0),
85,
85),
pGradientStops,
&m_pRadialGradientBrush
); hr = m_pRenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(
D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1.0F),
&m_pSceneBrush);
m_pRenderTarget->FillGeometry(m_pSunGeometry, m_pRadialGradientBrush); m_pSceneBrush->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1.f));
m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pSunGeometry, m_pSceneBrush, 1.f); m_pSceneBrush->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::OliveDrab, 1.f));
m_pRenderTarget->FillGeometry(m_pLeftMountainGeometry, m_pSceneBrush); m_pSceneBrush->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1.f));
m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pLeftMountainGeometry, m_pSceneBrush, 1.f); m_pSceneBrush->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::LightSkyBlue, 1.f));
m_pRenderTarget->FillGeometry(m_pRiverGeometry, m_pSceneBrush); m_pSceneBrush->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1.f));
m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pRiverGeometry, m_pSceneBrush, 1.f); m_pSceneBrush->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::YellowGreen, 1.f));
m_pRenderTarget->FillGeometry(m_pRightMountainGeometry, m_pSceneBrush); m_pSceneBrush->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1.f));
m_pRenderTarget->DrawGeometry(m_pRightMountainGeometry, m_pSceneBrush, 1.f);
}
效果图：
注意： 代码中创建的各种对象都没有释放，如在实际项目中使用该代码需要在使用完释放它们。
几何部分的内容略多，我仅对几个常用的几何形状的代码进行了整理，并且因为窗口的大小问题，一些绘制其他几何的代码被我注释了，详细可见代码。
拓展：Direct2D有专门的篇幅介绍了缩放问题，见： Scaling geometry realizations
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