Oracle 表的导入与导出

周末任务：
将一个表从一个库导到另一个库
大致思路：用expdp 将表从一个实例导出 ，再用impdp将导出的 .dmp文件导入到另一个实例
1.在实例 orcl 中准备一个用于导出的表：
进入实例为orcl的数据库： export ORACLE_SID=orcl
建用户：SQL> create user orcl_user identified by 123 default tablespace table_test;

赋予dba权限：SQL> grant dba to orcl_user;
建一个directory目录：
SQL> create directory dir as '/tmp/';
把这个目录的读写权限给予用户：
SQL> grant read,write on directory dir to orcl_user;

接下来可以登录orcl_user用户建表：
sqlplus orcl_user/123
SQL> create table orcl_table as select * from dba_users;

导出：
oracle@admin ~]$ expdp orcl_user/123 dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log directory=dir tables=orcl_table

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Dec 18 07:55:51 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "ORCL_USER"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": orcl_user/******** dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log directory=dir tables=orcl_table
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . exported "ORCL_USER"."ORCL_TABLE" 14.46 KB 33 rows
Master table "ORCL_USER"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for ORCL_USER.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/tmp/test.dmp
Job "ORCL_USER"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Wed Dec 18 07:55:56 2019 elapsed 0 00:00:04

到此，导出表成功

2.在实例名为oorl的数据库中做导入的相关准备
建用户：
SQL> create user oorl_user identified by 123 default tablespace test;
赋权限（dba权限和对directory的读写权限）
SQL> grant dba to oorl_user;

SQL> grant read,write on directory dir to oorl_user;

下面开始做impdp导入:

1).在导入前因将要导入的表中有统计信息，会报ORA-39154的错，故在将imp_full_database的权限授予要导入表的用户：

SQL> grant imp_full_database to oorl_user;
2) impdp命令：
oracle@admin ~]$ impdp oorl_user/123 directory=dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=imp.log p.log remap_tablespace=table_test:test remap_schema=orcl_user:oorl_user

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Dec 18 08:10:40 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "OORL_USER"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "OORL_USER"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": oorl_user/******** directory=dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=imp.log remap_tablespace=table_test:test remap_schema=orcl_user:oorl_user
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "OORL_USER"."ORCL_TABLE" 14.46 KB 33 rows
Job "OORL_USER"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Wed Dec 18 08:10:42 2019 elapsed 0 00:00:01

到此导入成功

3.验证是否将orcl中的表导入了oorl中：
在orcl中
SQL> select count(*) from orcl_user.orcl_table;

COUNT(*)
----------
33

在oorl中：
SQL> select count(*) from oorl_user.orcl_table;

COUNT(*)
----------
33

验证成功

3.实验中出现的错误

当出现ORA—39154错时，要给用户赋予imp_full_database 的权限（有统计信息时）

grant imp_full_database to test;

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": test/******** directory=dir dumpfile=t1.dmp logfile=test.log remap_tablespace=table_test:test remap_schema=user2:test
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "TEST"."T1" 8.457 MB 87170 rows
Job "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Wed Dec 18 07:05:56 2019 elapsed 0 00:00:01