FFmpeg来源简单分析：结构会员管理系统-AVClass

全部和AVOption有关的数据都存储在AVClass结构体中。假设一个结构体（比如AVFormatContext或者AVCodecContext）想要支持AVOption的话，它的第一个成员变量必须是一个指向AVClass结构体的指针。该AVClass中的成员变量option必须指向一个AVOption类型的静态数组。

何为AVOption？

AVOption是用来设置FFmpeg中变量的值的结构体。可能讲到这个作用有的人会奇怪：设置系统中变量的值，直接使用等于号“=”就能够。为什么还要专门定义一个结构体呢？事实上AVOption的特点就在于它赋值时候的灵活性。AVOption能够使用字符串为不论什么类型的变量赋值。传统意义上。假设变量类型为int，则须要使用整数来赋值；假设变量为double，则须要使用小数来赋值。假设变量类型为char *，才须要使用字符串来赋值。

而AVOption将这些赋值“归一化”了，统一使用字符串赋值。比如给int型变量qp设定值为20，通过AVOption须要传递进去一个内容为“20”的字符串。
此外，AVOption中变量的名称也使用字符串来表示。结合上面提到的使用字符串赋值的特性，我们能够发现使用AVOption之后。传递两个字符串（一个是变量的名称，一个是变量的值）就能够改变系统中变量的值。
上文提到的这样的方法的意义在哪里？我个人感觉对于直接使用C语言进行开发的人来说。作用不是非常明显：全然能够使用等于号“=”就能够进行各种变量的赋值。可是对于从外部系统中调用FFmpeg的人来说，作用就非常大了：从外部系统中仅仅能够传递字符串给内部系统。比方说对于直接调用ffmpeg.exe的人来说，他们是无法改动FFmpeg内部各个变量的数值的，这样的情况下仅仅能通过输入“名称”和“值”这样的字符串，通过AVOption改变FFmpeg内部变量的值。由此可见，使用AVOption能够使FFmpeg更加适应多种多样的外部系统。

突然想到了JavaEE开发中也有这样的相似的机制。互联网上仅仅能够传输字符串，即是没有方法传输整形、浮点型这样的的数据。而Java系统中却包括整形、浮点型等各种数据类型。

因此开发JSP中的Servlet的时候经常须要将整数字符串手工转化成一个整型的变量。使用最多的一个函数就是Integer.parseInt()方法。比如以下代码能够将字符串“123”转化成整数123。

int a=Integer.parseInt("123");

而在使用JavaEE中的Struts2进行开发的时候。就不须要进行手动转换处理了。Struts2中包括了相似AVOption的这样的数据类型自己主动转换机制，能够将互联网上收到的字符串“名称”和“值”的组合自己主动赋值给对应名称的变量。

由此发现了一个结论：编程语言之间真的是相通的！

如今回到AVOption。事实上除了能够对FFmpeg经常使用结构体AVFormatContext。AVCodecContext等进行赋值之外，还能够对它们的私有数据priv_data进行赋值。

这个字段里通常存储了各种编码器特有的结构体。而这些结构体的定义在FFmpeg的SDK中是找不到的。比如使用libx264进行编码的时候。通过AVCodecContext的priv_data字段能够对X264Context结构体中的变量进行赋值，设置preset，profile等。

使用libx265进行编码的时候，通过AVCodecContext的priv_data字段能够对libx265Context结构体中的变量进行赋值，设置preset，tune等。

何为AVClass？

AVClass最基本的作用就是给结构体（比如AVFormatContext等）添加AVOption功能的支持。

换句话说AVClass就是AVOption和目标结构体之间的“桥梁”。AVClass要求必须声明为目标结构体的第一个变量。

AVClass中有一个option数组用于存储目标结构体的全部的AVOption。举个样例，AVFormatContext结构体。AVClass和AVOption之间的关系例如以下图所看到的。

图中AVFormatContext结构体的第一个变量为AVClass类型的指针av_class，它在AVFormatContext结构体初始化的时候，被赋值指向了全局静态变量av_format_context_class结构体（定义位于libavformat\options.c）。而AVClass类型的av_format_context_class结构体中的option变量指向了全局静态数组avformat_options（定义位于libavformat\options_table.h）。

AVOption

以下開始从代码的角度记录AVOption。

AVOption结构体的定义例如以下所看到的。

/**
 * AVOption
 */
typedef struct AVOption {
    const char *name;
 
    /**
     * short English help text
     * @todo What about other languages?
     */
    const char *help;
 
    /**
     * The offset relative to the context structure where the option
     * value is stored. It should be 0 for named constants.
     */
    int offset;
    enum AVOptionType type;
 
    /**
     * the default value for scalar options
     */
    union {
        int64_t i64;
        double dbl;
        const char *str;
        /* TODO those are unused now */
        AVRational q;
    } default_val;
    double min;                 ///< minimum valid value for the option
    double max;                 ///< maximum valid value for the option
 
    int flags;
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM  1   ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user for muxing or encoding
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM  2   ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user for demuxing or decoding
#if FF_API_OPT_TYPE_METADATA
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_METADATA        4   ///< some data extracted or inserted into the file like title, comment, ...
#endif
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_AUDIO_PARAM     8
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM     16
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_SUBTITLE_PARAM  32
/**
 * The option is inteded for exporting values to the caller.
 */
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_EXPORT          64
/**
 * The option may not be set through the AVOptions API, only read.
 * This flag only makes sense when AV_OPT_FLAG_EXPORT is also set.
 */
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_READONLY        128
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_FILTERING_PARAM (1<<16) ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user for filtering
//FIXME think about enc-audio, ... style flags
 
    /**
     * The logical unit to which the option belongs. Non-constant
     * options and corresponding named constants share the same
     * unit. May be NULL.
     */
    const char *unit;
} AVOption;

以下简单解释一下AVOption的几个成员变量：

name：名称。
help：简短的帮助。

offset：选项相对结构体首部地址的偏移量（这个非常重要）。

type：选项的类型。
default_val：选项的默认值。
min：选项的最小值。
max：选项的最大值。
flags：一些标记。
unit：该选项所属的逻辑单元，能够为空。

当中。default_val是一个union类型的变量。能够依据选项数据类型的不同。取int，double，char*。AVRational（表示分数）几种类型。type是一个AVOptionType类型的变量。AVOptionType是一个枚举类型，定义例如以下。

enum AVOptionType{
    AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_RATIONAL,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_BINARY,  ///< offset must point to a pointer immediately followed by an int for the length
    AV_OPT_TYPE_DICT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST = 128,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_IMAGE_SIZE = MKBETAG('S','I','Z','E'), ///< offset must point to two consecutive integers
    AV_OPT_TYPE_PIXEL_FMT  = MKBETAG('P','F','M','T'),
    AV_OPT_TYPE_SAMPLE_FMT = MKBETAG('S','F','M','T'),
    AV_OPT_TYPE_VIDEO_RATE = MKBETAG('V','R','A','T'), ///< offset must point to AVRational
    AV_OPT_TYPE_DURATION   = MKBETAG('D','U','R',' '),
    AV_OPT_TYPE_COLOR      = MKBETAG('C','O','L','R'),
    AV_OPT_TYPE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT = MKBETAG('C','H','L','A'),
#if FF_API_OLD_AVOPTIONS
    FF_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS = 0,
    FF_OPT_TYPE_INT,
    FF_OPT_TYPE_INT64,
    FF_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE,
    FF_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT,
    FF_OPT_TYPE_STRING,
    FF_OPT_TYPE_RATIONAL,
    FF_OPT_TYPE_BINARY,  ///< offset must point to a pointer immediately followed by an int for the length
    FF_OPT_TYPE_CONST=128,
#endif
};

AVClass

AVClass中存储了AVOption类型的数组option。用于存储选项信息。AVClass有一个特点就是它必须位于其支持的结构体的第一个位置。比如。AVFormatContext和AVCodecContext都支持AVClass，观察它们结构体的定义能够发现他们结构体的第一个变量都是AVClass。截取一小段AVFormatContext的定义的开头部分，例如以下所看到的。

typedef struct AVFormatContext {
    /**
     * A class for logging and @ref avoptions. Set by avformat_alloc_context().
     * Exports (de)muxer private options if they exist.
     */
    const AVClass *av_class;
 
    /**
     * The input container format.
     *
     * Demuxing only, set by avformat_open_input().
     */
    struct AVInputFormat *iformat;
 
    /**
     * The output container format.
     *
     * Muxing only, must be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
     */
struct AVOutputFormat *oformat;
//后文略

截取一小段AVCodecContext的定义的开头部分，例如以下所看到的。

typedef struct AVCodecContext {
    /**
     * information on struct for av_log
     * - set by avcodec_alloc_context3
     */
    const AVClass *av_class;
    int log_level_offset;
 
    enum AVMediaType codec_type; /* see AVMEDIA_TYPE_xxx */
    const struct AVCodec  *codec;
	//后文略

以下来看一下AVClass的定义，例如以下所看到的。

/**
 * Describe the class of an AVClass context structure. That is an
 * arbitrary struct of which the first field is a pointer to an
 * AVClass struct (e.g. AVCodecContext, AVFormatContext etc.).
 */
typedef struct AVClass {
    /**
     * The name of the class; usually it is the same name as the
     * context structure type to which the AVClass is associated.
     */
    const char* class_name;
 
    /**
     * A pointer to a function which returns the name of a context
     * instance ctx associated with the class.
     */
    const char* (*item_name)(void* ctx);
 
    /**
     * a pointer to the first option specified in the class if any or NULL
     *
     * @see av_set_default_options()
     */
    const struct AVOption *option;
 
    /**
     * LIBAVUTIL_VERSION with which this structure was created.
     * This is used to allow fields to be added without requiring major
     * version bumps everywhere.
     */
 
    int version;
 
    /**
     * Offset in the structure where log_level_offset is stored.
     * 0 means there is no such variable
     */
    int log_level_offset_offset;
 
    /**
     * Offset in the structure where a pointer to the parent context for
     * logging is stored. For example a decoder could pass its AVCodecContext
     * to eval as such a parent context, which an av_log() implementation
     * could then leverage to display the parent context.
     * The offset can be NULL.
     */
    int parent_log_context_offset;
 
    /**
     * Return next AVOptions-enabled child or NULL
     */
    void* (*child_next)(void *obj, void *prev);
 
    /**
     * Return an AVClass corresponding to the next potential
     * AVOptions-enabled child.
     *
     * The difference between child_next and this is that
     * child_next iterates over _already existing_ objects, while
     * child_class_next iterates over _all possible_ children.
     */
    const struct AVClass* (*child_class_next)(const struct AVClass *prev);
 
    /**
     * Category used for visualization (like color)
     * This is only set if the category is equal for all objects using this class.
     * available since version (51 << 16 | 56 << 8 | 100)
     */
    AVClassCategory category;
 
    /**
     * Callback to return the category.
     * available since version (51 << 16 | 59 << 8 | 100)
     */
    AVClassCategory (*get_category)(void* ctx);
 
    /**
     * Callback to return the supported/allowed ranges.
     * available since version (52.12)
     */
    int (*query_ranges)(struct AVOptionRanges **, void *obj, const char *key, int flags);
} AVClass;

以下简单解释一下AVClass的几个已经理解的成员变量：

class_name：AVClass名称。

item_name：函数。获取与AVClass相关联的结构体实例的名称。
option：AVOption类型的数组（最重要）。
version：完毕该AVClass的时候的LIBAVUTIL_VERSION。
category：AVClass的类型，是一个类型为AVClassCategory的枚举型变量。

当中AVClassCategory定义例如以下。

typedef enum {
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_NA = 0,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_INPUT,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_OUTPUT,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_MUXER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEMUXER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_ENCODER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DECODER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_FILTER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_BITSTREAM_FILTER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_SWSCALER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_SWRESAMPLER,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEVICE_VIDEO_OUTPUT = 40,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEVICE_VIDEO_INPUT,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEVICE_AUDIO_OUTPUT,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEVICE_AUDIO_INPUT,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEVICE_OUTPUT,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_DEVICE_INPUT,
    AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_NB, ///< not part of ABI/API
}AVClassCategory;

上面解释字段还是比較抽象的。以下通过详细的样例看一下AVClass这个结构体。

我们看几个详细的样例：

AVFormatContext中的AVClass
AVCodecContext中的AVClass
AVFrame中的AVClass
各种组件（libRTMP，libx264，libx265）里面特有的AVClass。

AVFormatContext

AVFormatContext 中的AVClass定义位于libavformat\options.c中。是一个名称为av_format_context_class的静态结构体。例如以下所看到的。

static const AVClass av_format_context_class = {
    .class_name     = "AVFormatContext",
    .item_name      = format_to_name,
    .option         = avformat_options,
    .version        = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
    .child_next     = format_child_next,
    .child_class_next = format_child_class_next,
    .category       = AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_MUXER,
    .get_category   = get_category,
};

从源码能够看出以下几点
（1）class_name
该AVClass名称是“AVFormatContext”。
（2）item_name
item_name指向一个函数format_to_name()，该函数定义例如以下所看到的。

static const char* format_to_name(void* ptr)
{
    AVFormatContext* fc = (AVFormatContext*) ptr;
    if(fc->iformat) return fc->iformat->name;
    else if(fc->oformat) return fc->oformat->name;
    else return "NULL";
}

从函数的定义能够看出，假设AVFormatContext结构体中的AVInputFormat结构体不为空，则返回AVInputFormat的name，然后尝试返回AVOutputFormat的name，假设AVOutputFormat也为空，则返回“NULL”。

（3）option

option字段则指向一个元素个数非常多的静态数组avformat_options。该数组单独定义于libavformat\options_table.h中。

当中包括了AVFormatContext支持的全部的AVOption，例如以下所看到的。

/*
 * 雷霄骅
 * leixiaohua1020@126.com
 * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
 * http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
 *
 */
 
#ifndef AVFORMAT_OPTIONS_TABLE_H
#define AVFORMAT_OPTIONS_TABLE_H
 
#include <limits.h>
 
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "avformat.h"
#include "internal.h"
 
#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(AVFormatContext,x)
#define DEFAULT 0 //should be NAN but it does not work as it is not a constant in glibc as required by ANSI/ISO C
//these names are too long to be readable
#define E AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM
#define D AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM
 
static const AVOption avformat_options[] = {
{"avioflags", NULL, OFFSET(avio_flags), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "avioflags"},
{"direct", "reduce buffering", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVIO_FLAG_DIRECT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "avioflags"},
{"probesize", "set probing size", OFFSET(probesize2), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = 5000000 }, 32, INT64_MAX, D},
{"formatprobesize", "number of bytes to probe file format", OFFSET(format_probesize), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = PROBE_BUF_MAX}, 0, INT_MAX-1, D},
{"packetsize", "set packet size", OFFSET(packet_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, 0, INT_MAX, E},
{"fflags", NULL, OFFSET(flags), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_FLUSH_PACKETS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "fflags"},
{"flush_packets", "reduce the latency by flushing out packets immediately", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_FLUSH_PACKETS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, E, "fflags"},
{"ignidx", "ignore index", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_IGNIDX }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"genpts", "generate pts", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_GENPTS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"nofillin", "do not fill in missing values that can be exactly calculated", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_NOFILLIN }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"noparse", "disable AVParsers, this needs nofillin too", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_NOPARSE }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"igndts", "ignore dts", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_IGNDTS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"discardcorrupt", "discard corrupted frames", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_DISCARD_CORRUPT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"sortdts", "try to interleave outputted packets by dts", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_SORT_DTS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"keepside", "don't merge side data", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_KEEP_SIDE_DATA }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"latm", "enable RTP MP4A-LATM payload", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_MP4A_LATM }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, E, "fflags"},
{"nobuffer", "reduce the latency introduced by optional buffering", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_NOBUFFER }, 0, INT_MAX, D, "fflags"},
{"seek2any", "allow seeking to non-keyframes on demuxer level when supported", OFFSET(seek2any), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, D},
{"bitexact", "do not write random/volatile data", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = AVFMT_FLAG_BITEXACT }, 0, 0, E, "fflags" },
{"analyzeduration", "specify how many microseconds are analyzed to probe the input", OFFSET(max_analyze_duration2), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = 0 }, 0, INT64_MAX, D},
{"cryptokey", "decryption key", OFFSET(key), AV_OPT_TYPE_BINARY, {.dbl = 0}, 0, 0, D},
{"indexmem", "max memory used for timestamp index (per stream)", OFFSET(max_index_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 1<<20 }, 0, INT_MAX, D},
{"rtbufsize", "max memory used for buffering real-time frames", OFFSET(max_picture_buffer), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 3041280 }, 0, INT_MAX, D}, /* defaults to 1s of 15fps 352x288 YUYV422 video */
{"fdebug", "print specific debug info", OFFSET(debug), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, 0, INT_MAX, E|D, "fdebug"},
{"ts", NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = FF_FDEBUG_TS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, E|D, "fdebug"},
{"max_delay", "maximum muxing or demuxing delay in microseconds", OFFSET(max_delay), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, E|D},
{"start_time_realtime", "wall-clock time when stream begins (PTS==0)", OFFSET(start_time_realtime), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = AV_NOPTS_VALUE}, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX, E},
{"fpsprobesize", "number of frames used to probe fps", OFFSET(fps_probe_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = -1}, -1, INT_MAX-1, D},
{"audio_preload", "microseconds by which audio packets should be interleaved earlier", OFFSET(audio_preload), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, 0, INT_MAX-1, E},
{"chunk_duration", "microseconds for each chunk", OFFSET(max_chunk_duration), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, 0, INT_MAX-1, E},
{"chunk_size", "size in bytes for each chunk", OFFSET(max_chunk_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, 0, INT_MAX-1, E},
/* this is a crutch for avconv, since it cannot deal with identically named options in different contexts.
 * to be removed when avconv is fixed */
{"f_err_detect", "set error detection flags (deprecated; use err_detect, save via avconv)", OFFSET(error_recognition), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, {.i64 = AV_EF_CRCCHECK }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"err_detect", "set error detection flags", OFFSET(error_recognition), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, {.i64 = AV_EF_CRCCHECK }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"crccheck", "verify embedded CRCs", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_CRCCHECK }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"bitstream", "detect bitstream specification deviations", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_BITSTREAM }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"buffer", "detect improper bitstream length", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_BUFFER }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"explode", "abort decoding on minor error detection", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_EXPLODE }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"ignore_err", "ignore errors", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_IGNORE_ERR }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"careful",    "consider things that violate the spec, are fast to check and have not been seen in the wild as errors", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_CAREFUL }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"compliant",  "consider all spec non compliancies as errors", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_COMPLIANT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"aggressive", "consider things that a sane encoder shouldn't do as an error", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = AV_EF_AGGRESSIVE }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D, "err_detect"},
{"use_wallclock_as_timestamps", "use wallclock as timestamps", OFFSET(use_wallclock_as_timestamps), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, 0, INT_MAX-1, D},
{"avoid_negative_ts", "shift timestamps so they start at 0", OFFSET(avoid_negative_ts), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = -1}, -1, 2, E, "avoid_negative_ts"},
{"auto",                "enabled when required by target format",    0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, E, "avoid_negative_ts"},
{"disabled",            "do not change timestamps",                  0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 =  0 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, E, "avoid_negative_ts"},
{"make_zero",           "shift timestamps so they start at 0",       0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 =  2 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, E, "avoid_negative_ts"},
{"make_non_negative",   "shift timestamps so they are non negative", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 =  1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, E, "avoid_negative_ts"},
{"skip_initial_bytes", "set number of bytes to skip before reading header and frames", OFFSET(skip_initial_bytes), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = 0}, 0, INT64_MAX-1, D},
{"correct_ts_overflow", "correct single timestamp overflows", OFFSET(correct_ts_overflow), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 1}, 0, 1, D},
{"flush_packets", "enable flushing of the I/O context after each packet", OFFSET(flush_packets), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 1}, 0, 1, E},
{"metadata_header_padding", "set number of bytes to be written as padding in a metadata header", OFFSET(metadata_header_padding), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = -1}, -1, INT_MAX, E},
{"output_ts_offset", "set output timestamp offset", OFFSET(output_ts_offset), AV_OPT_TYPE_DURATION, {.i64 = 0}, -INT64_MAX, INT64_MAX, E},
{"max_interleave_delta", "maximum buffering duration for interleaving", OFFSET(max_interleave_delta), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, { .i64 = 10000000 }, 0, INT64_MAX, E },
{"f_strict", "how strictly to follow the standards (deprecated; use strict, save via avconv)", OFFSET(strict_std_compliance), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "strict"},
{"strict", "how strictly to follow the standards", OFFSET(strict_std_compliance), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "strict"},
{"strict", "strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what the consequences", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = FF_COMPLIANCE_STRICT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "strict"},
{"normal", NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = FF_COMPLIANCE_NORMAL }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "strict"},
{"experimental", "allow non-standardized experimental variants", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = FF_COMPLIANCE_EXPERIMENTAL }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, D|E, "strict"},
{"max_ts_probe", "maximum number of packets to read while waiting for the first timestamp", OFFSET(max_ts_probe), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 50 }, 0, INT_MAX, D },
{NULL},
};
 
#undef E
#undef D
#undef DEFAULT
#undef OFFSET
 
#endif /* AVFORMAT_OPTIONS_TABLE_H */

AVCodecContext

AVFormatContext 中的AVClass定义位于libavcodec\options.c中。是一个名称为av_codec_context_class的静态结构体。

例如以下所看到的。

static const AVClass av_codec_context_class = {
    .class_name              = "AVCodecContext",
    .item_name               = context_to_name,
    .option                  = avcodec_options,
    .version                 = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
    .log_level_offset_offset = offsetof(AVCodecContext, log_level_offset),
    .child_next              = codec_child_next,
    .child_class_next        = codec_child_class_next,
    .category                = AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_ENCODER,
    .get_category            = get_category,
};

从源码能够看出：
（1）class_name
该AVClass名称是“AVCodecContext”。
（2）item_name
item_name指向一个函数context_to_name ()，该函数定义例如以下所看到的。

static const char* context_to_name(void* ptr) {
    AVCodecContext *avc= ptr;
 
    if(avc && avc->codec && avc->codec->name)
        return avc->codec->name;
    else
        return "NULL";
}

从函数的定义能够看出。假设AVCodecContext中的Codec结构体不为空。则返回Codec的name，否则返回“NULL”。
（3）category
option字段则指向一个元素个数极多的静态数组avcodec_options。该数组单独定义于libavcodec\options_table.h中。当中包括了AVCodecContext支持的全部的AVOption。因为该数组定义实在是太多了，在这里仅贴出它前面的一小部分。

/*
 * 雷霄骅
 * leixiaohua1020@126.com
 * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
 * http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
 *
 */
 
#ifndef AVCODEC_OPTIONS_TABLE_H
#define AVCODEC_OPTIONS_TABLE_H
 
#include <float.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdint.h>
 
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "avcodec.h"
#include "version.h"
 
#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(AVCodecContext,x)
#define DEFAULT 0 //should be NAN but it does not work as it is not a constant in glibc as required by ANSI/ISO C
//these names are too long to be readable
#define V AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM
#define A AV_OPT_FLAG_AUDIO_PARAM
#define S AV_OPT_FLAG_SUBTITLE_PARAM
#define E AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM
#define D AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM
 
#define AV_CODEC_DEFAULT_BITRATE 200*1000
 
static const AVOption avcodec_options[] = {
{"b", "set bitrate (in bits/s)", OFFSET(bit_rate), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = AV_CODEC_DEFAULT_BITRATE }, 0, INT_MAX, A|V|E},
{"ab", "set bitrate (in bits/s)", OFFSET(bit_rate), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 128*1000 }, 0, INT_MAX, A|E},
{"bt", "Set video bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). In 1-pass mode, bitrate tolerance specifies how far "
       "ratecontrol is willing to deviate from the target average bitrate value. This is not related "
       "to minimum/maximum bitrate. Lowering tolerance too much has an adverse effect on quality.",
       OFFSET(bit_rate_tolerance), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = AV_CODEC_DEFAULT_BITRATE*20 }, 1, INT_MAX, V|E},
{"flags", NULL, OFFSET(flags), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, 0, UINT_MAX, V|A|S|E|D, "flags"},
{"unaligned", "allow decoders to produce unaligned output", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = CODEC_FLAG_UNALIGNED }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V | D, "flags" },
{"mv4", "use four motion vectors per macroblock (MPEG-4)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_4MV }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"qpel", "use 1/4-pel motion compensation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_QPEL }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"loop", "use loop filter", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_LOOP_FILTER }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"qscale", "use fixed qscale", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_QSCALE }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0, "flags"},
#if FF_API_GMC
{"gmc", "use gmc", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_GMC }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
#endif
#if FF_API_MV0
{"mv0", "always try a mb with mv=<0,0>", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_MV0 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
#endif
#if FF_API_INPUT_PRESERVED
{"input_preserved", NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_INPUT_PRESERVED }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0, "flags"},
#endif
{"pass1", "use internal 2-pass ratecontrol in first  pass mode", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_PASS1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0, "flags"},
{"pass2", "use internal 2-pass ratecontrol in second pass mode", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_PASS2 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0, "flags"},
{"gray", "only decode/encode grayscale", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_GRAY }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E|D, "flags"},
#if FF_API_EMU_EDGE
{"emu_edge", "do not draw edges", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_EMU_EDGE }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0, "flags"},
#endif
{"psnr", "error[?] variables will be set during encoding", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_PSNR }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"truncated", NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_TRUNCATED }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0, "flags"},
#if FF_API_NORMALIZE_AQP
{"naq", "normalize adaptive quantization", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_NORMALIZE_AQP }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
#endif
{"ildct", "use interlaced DCT", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_INTERLACED_DCT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"low_delay", "force low delay", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_LOW_DELAY }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|D|E, "flags"},
{"global_header", "place global headers in extradata instead of every keyframe", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|A|E, "flags"},
{"bitexact", "use only bitexact functions (except (I)DCT)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_BITEXACT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, A|V|S|D|E, "flags"},
{"aic", "H.263 advanced intra coding / MPEG-4 AC prediction", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_AC_PRED }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"ilme", "interlaced motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_INTERLACED_ME }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"cgop", "closed GOP", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_CLOSED_GOP }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags"},
{"output_corrupt", "Output even potentially corrupted frames", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG_OUTPUT_CORRUPT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|D, "flags"},
{"fast", "allow non-spec-compliant speedup tricks", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG2_FAST }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags2"},
{"noout", "skip bitstream encoding", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG2_NO_OUTPUT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags2"},
{"ignorecrop", "ignore cropping information from sps", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG2_IGNORE_CROP }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|D, "flags2"},
{"local_header", "place global headers at every keyframe instead of in extradata", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG2_LOCAL_HEADER }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "flags2"},
{"chunks", "Frame data might be split into multiple chunks", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG2_CHUNKS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|D, "flags2"},
{"showall", "Show all frames before the first keyframe", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG2_SHOW_ALL }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|D, "flags2"},
{"export_mvs", "export motion vectors through frame side data", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = CODEC_FLAG2_EXPORT_MVS}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|D, "flags2"},
{"me_method", "set motion estimation method", OFFSET(me_method), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = ME_EPZS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method"},
{"zero", "zero motion estimation (fastest)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_ZERO }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"full", "full motion estimation (slowest)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_FULL }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"epzs", "EPZS motion estimation (default)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_EPZS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"esa", "esa motion estimation (alias for full)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_FULL }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"tesa", "tesa motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_TESA }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"dia", "diamond motion estimation (alias for EPZS)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_EPZS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"log", "log motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_LOG }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"phods", "phods motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_PHODS }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"x1", "X1 motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_X1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"hex", "hex motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_HEX }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"umh", "umh motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_UMH }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"iter", "iter motion estimation", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = ME_ITER }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E, "me_method" },
{"extradata_size", NULL, OFFSET(extradata_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX},
{"time_base", NULL, OFFSET(time_base), AV_OPT_TYPE_RATIONAL, {.dbl = 0}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX},
{"g", "set the group of picture (GOP) size", OFFSET(gop_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 12 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, V|E},
{"ar", "set audio sampling rate (in Hz)", OFFSET(sample_rate), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, A|D|E},
{"ac", "set number of audio channels", OFFSET(channels), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = DEFAULT }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, A|D|E},

AVFrame

AVFrame 中的AVClass定义位于libavcodec\options.c中。是一个名称为av_frame_class的静态结构体。

例如以下所看到的。

static const AVClass av_frame_class = {
    .class_name              = "AVFrame",
    .item_name               = NULL,
    .option                  = frame_options,
    .version                 = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
};

option字段则指向一个元素个数极多的静态数组frame_options。frame_options定义例如以下所看到的。

static const AVOption frame_options[]={
{"best_effort_timestamp", "", FOFFSET(best_effort_timestamp), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = AV_NOPTS_VALUE }, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX, 0},
{"pkt_pos", "", FOFFSET(pkt_pos), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = -1 }, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX, 0},
{"pkt_size", "", FOFFSET(pkt_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = -1 }, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX, 0},
{"sample_aspect_ratio", "", FOFFSET(sample_aspect_ratio), AV_OPT_TYPE_RATIONAL, {.dbl = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, 0},
{"width", "", FOFFSET(width), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, 0},
{"height", "", FOFFSET(height), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, 0},
{"format", "", FOFFSET(format), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = -1 }, 0, INT_MAX, 0},
{"channel_layout", "", FOFFSET(channel_layout), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, {.i64 = 0 }, 0, INT64_MAX, 0},
{"sample_rate", "", FOFFSET(sample_rate), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, 0},
{NULL},
};

能够看出AVFrame的选项数组中包括了“width”，“height”这类用于视频帧的选项，以及“channel_layout”，“sample_rate”这类用于音频帧的选项。

各种组件特有的AVClass

除了FFmpeg中通用的AVFormatContext，AVCodecContext，AVFrame这类的结构体之外，每种特定的组件也包括自己的AVClass。

以下举例几个。

LibRTMP

libRTMP中依据协议类型的不同定义了多种的AVClass。

因为这些AVClass除了名字不一样之外。其他的字段一模一样，所以AVClass的声明写成了一个名称为RTMP_CLASS的宏。

#define RTMP_CLASS(flavor)\
static const AVClass lib ## flavor ## _class = {\
    .class_name = "lib" #flavor " protocol",\
    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,\
    .option     = options,\
    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,\
};

而后定义了多种AVCLass：

RTMP_CLASS(rtmp)
RTMP_CLASS(rtmpt)
RTMP_CLASS(rtmpe)
RTMP_CLASS(rtmpte)
RTMP_CLASS(rtmps)

这些AVClass的option字段指向的数组是一样的，例如以下所看到的。

static const AVOption options[] = {
    {"rtmp_app", "Name of application to connect to on the RTMP server", OFFSET(app), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC|ENC},
    {"rtmp_buffer", "Set buffer time in milliseconds. The default is 3000.", OFFSET(client_buffer_time), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = "3000"}, 0, 0, DEC|ENC},
    {"rtmp_conn", "Append arbitrary AMF data to the Connect message", OFFSET(conn), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC|ENC},
    {"rtmp_flashver", "Version of the Flash plugin used to run the SWF player.", OFFSET(flashver), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC|ENC},
    {"rtmp_live", "Specify that the media is a live stream.", OFFSET(live), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, DEC, "rtmp_live"},
    {"any", "both", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = -2}, 0, 0, DEC, "rtmp_live"},
    {"live", "live stream", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = -1}, 0, 0, DEC, "rtmp_live"},
    {"recorded", "recorded stream", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = 0}, 0, 0, DEC, "rtmp_live"},
    {"rtmp_pageurl", "URL of the web page in which the media was embedded. By default no value will be sent.", OFFSET(pageurl), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC},
    {"rtmp_playpath", "Stream identifier to play or to publish", OFFSET(playpath), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC|ENC},
    {"rtmp_subscribe", "Name of live stream to subscribe to. Defaults to rtmp_playpath.", OFFSET(subscribe), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC},
    {"rtmp_swfurl", "URL of the SWF player. By default no value will be sent", OFFSET(swfurl), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC|ENC},
    {"rtmp_swfverify", "URL to player swf file, compute hash/size automatically. (unimplemented)", OFFSET(swfverify), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC},
    {"rtmp_tcurl", "URL of the target stream. Defaults to proto://host[:port]/app.", OFFSET(tcurl), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL }, 0, 0, DEC|ENC},
    { NULL },
};

Libx264

Libx264的AVClass定义例如以下所看到的。

static const AVClass x264_class = {
    .class_name = "libx264",
    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
    .option     = options,
    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
};

当中option字段指向的数组定义例如以下所看到的。这些option的使用频率还是比較高的。

static const AVOption options[] = {
    { "preset",        "Set the encoding preset (cf. x264 --fullhelp)",   OFFSET(preset),        AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { .str = "medium" }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "tune",          "Tune the encoding params (cf. x264 --fullhelp)",  OFFSET(tune),          AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "profile",       "Set profile restrictions (cf. x264 --fullhelp) ", OFFSET(profile),       AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "fastfirstpass", "Use fast settings when encoding first pass",      OFFSET(fastfirstpass), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = 1 }, 0, 1, VE},
    {"level", "Specify level (as defined by Annex A)", OFFSET(level), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    {"passlogfile", "Filename for 2 pass stats", OFFSET(stats), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    {"wpredp", "Weighted prediction for P-frames", OFFSET(wpredp), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    {"x264opts", "x264 options", OFFSET(x264opts), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    { "crf",           "Select the quality for constant quality mode",    OFFSET(crf),           AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT,  {.dbl = -1 }, -1, FLT_MAX, VE },
    { "crf_max",       "In CRF mode, prevents VBV from lowering quality beyond this point.",OFFSET(crf_max), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT, {.dbl = -1 }, -1, FLT_MAX, VE },
    { "qp",            "Constant quantization parameter rate control method",OFFSET(cqp),        AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "aq-mode",       "AQ method",                                       OFFSET(aq_mode),       AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode"},
    { "none",          NULL,                              0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_AQ_NONE},         INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode" },
    { "variance",      "Variance AQ (complexity mask)",   0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_AQ_VARIANCE},     INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode" },
    { "autovariance",  "Auto-variance AQ (experimental)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode" },
    { "aq-strength",   "AQ strength. Reduces blocking and blurring in flat and textured areas.", OFFSET(aq_strength), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT, {.dbl = -1}, -1, FLT_MAX, VE},
    { "psy",           "Use psychovisual optimizations.",                 OFFSET(psy),           AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "psy-rd",        "Strength of psychovisual optimization, in <psy-rd>:<psy-trellis> format.", OFFSET(psy_rd), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING,  {0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "rc-lookahead",  "Number of frames to look ahead for frametype and ratecontrol", OFFSET(rc_lookahead), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "weightb",       "Weighted prediction for B-frames.",               OFFSET(weightb),       AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "weightp",       "Weighted prediction analysis method.",            OFFSET(weightp),       AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "none",          NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_WEIGHTP_NONE},   INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "simple",        NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_WEIGHTP_SIMPLE}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "smart",         NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_WEIGHTP_SMART},  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "ssim",          "Calculate and print SSIM stats.",                 OFFSET(ssim),          AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "intra-refresh", "Use Periodic Intra Refresh instead of IDR frames.",OFFSET(intra_refresh),AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "bluray-compat", "Bluray compatibility workarounds.",               OFFSET(bluray_compat) ,AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "b-bias",        "Influences how often B-frames are used",          OFFSET(b_bias),        AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = INT_MIN}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "b-pyramid",     "Keep some B-frames as references.",               OFFSET(b_pyramid),     AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "none",          NULL,                                  0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_B_PYRAMID_NONE},   INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "strict",        "Strictly hierarchical pyramid",       0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_B_PYRAMID_STRICT}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "normal",        "Non-strict (not Blu-ray compatible)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_B_PYRAMID_NORMAL}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "mixed-refs",    "One reference per partition, as opposed to one reference per macroblock", OFFSET(mixed_refs), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1}, -1, 1, VE },
    { "8x8dct",        "High profile 8x8 transform.",                     OFFSET(dct8x8),        AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "fast-pskip",    NULL,                                              OFFSET(fast_pskip),    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "aud",           "Use access unit delimiters.",                     OFFSET(aud),           AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "mbtree",        "Use macroblock tree ratecontrol.",                OFFSET(mbtree),        AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "deblock",       "Loop filter parameters, in <alpha:beta> form.",   OFFSET(deblock),       AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 },  0, 0, VE},
    { "cplxblur",      "Reduce fluctuations in QP (before curve compression)", OFFSET(cplxblur), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT,  {.dbl = -1 }, -1, FLT_MAX, VE},
    { "partitions",    "A comma-separated list of partitions to consider. "
                       "Possible values: p8x8, p4x4, b8x8, i8x8, i4x4, none, all", OFFSET(partitions), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "direct-pred",   "Direct MV prediction mode",                       OFFSET(direct_pred),   AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "none",          NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_NONE },     0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "spatial",       NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_SPATIAL },  0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "temporal",      NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_TEMPORAL }, 0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "auto",          NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_AUTO },     0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "slice-max-size","Limit the size of each slice in bytes",           OFFSET(slice_max_size),AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "stats",         "Filename for 2 pass stats",                       OFFSET(stats),         AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 },  0,       0, VE },
    { "nal-hrd",       "Signal HRD information (requires vbv-bufsize; "
                       "cbr not allowed in .mp4)",                        OFFSET(nal_hrd),       AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "none",          NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_NAL_HRD_NONE}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "vbr",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_NAL_HRD_VBR},  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "cbr",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_NAL_HRD_CBR},  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "avcintra-class","AVC-Intra class 50/100/200",                      OFFSET(avcintra_class),AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,     { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 200   , VE},
    { "x264-params",  "Override the x264 configuration using a :-separated list of key=value parameters", OFFSET(x264_params), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE },
    { NULL },
};

Libx265

Libx265的AVClass定义例如以下所看到的。

static const AVClass class = {
    .class_name = "libx265",
    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
    .option     = options,
    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
};

当中option字段指向的数组定义例如以下所看到的。

static const AVOption options[] = {
    { "preset",      "set the x265 preset",                                                         OFFSET(preset),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE },
    { "tune",        "set the x265 tune parameter",                                                 OFFSET(tune),      AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE },
    { "x265-params", "set the x265 configuration using a :-separated list of key=value parameters", OFFSET(x265_opts), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE },
    { NULL }
};

官方代码中有关AVClass和AVOption的演示样例

官方代码中给出了一小段演示样例代码，演示了怎样给一个普通的结构体加入AVOption的支持。

例如以下所看到的。

typedef struct test_struct {
    AVClass  *class;
    int      int_opt;
    char    str_opt;
    uint8_t  bin_opt;
    int      bin_len;
} test_struct;
 
static const AVOption test_options[] = {
  { "test_int", "This is a test option of int type.", offsetof(test_struct, int_opt),
    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX },
  { "test_str", "This is a test option of string type.", offsetof(test_struct, str_opt),
    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING },
  { "test_bin", "This is a test option of binary type.", offsetof(test_struct, bin_opt),
    AV_OPT_TYPE_BINARY },
  { NULL },
};
 
static const AVClass test_class = {
    .class_name = "test class",
    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
    .option     = test_options,
    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
};

AVClass有关的API

与AVClass相关的API非常少。

AVFormatContext提供了一个获取当前AVClass的函数avformat_get_class()。它的代码非常easy，直接返回全局静态变量av_format_context_class。

定义例如以下所看到的。

const AVClass *avformat_get_class(void)
{
    return &av_format_context_class;
}

相同。AVCodecContext也提供了一个获取当前AVClass的函数avcodec_get_class()。它直接返回静态变量av_codec_context_class。定义例如以下所看到的。

const AVClass *avcodec_get_class(void)
{
    return &av_codec_context_class;
}

至此FFmpeg的AVClass就基本上分析完毕了。

下篇文章详细分析AVOption。

雷霄骅
leixiaohua1020@126.com
http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020