UBOOT编译--- include/config.h、 include/autoconf.mk、include/autoconf.mk.dep、u-boot.cfg(三)
1. 前言
UBOOT版本：uboot2018.03，开发板myimx8mmek240。
2. 概述
本节主要接上一节解析 ：include/config.h、 include/autoconf.mk、include/autoconf.mk.dep、spl/include/autoconf.mk、u-boot.cfg、spl/u-boot.cfg。
3 语句 $ (Q) $(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.autoconf
由于未指定目标，采用默认目标__all
#note：scripts/Makefile.autoconf
__all: include/autoconf.mk include/autoconf.mk.dep
ifeq ($(shell grep -q '^CONFIG_SPL=y' include/config/auto.conf 2>/dev/null && echo y),y) //本人单板该条件成立
__all: spl/include/autoconf.mk
endif
include/autoconf.mk.dep: include/config.h FORCE
$(call cmd,autoconf_dep)
spl/include/autoconf.mk: spl/u-boot.cfg
$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(call cmd,autoconf)
u-boot.cfg: include/config.h FORCE
$(call cmd,u_boot_cfg)
spl/u-boot.cfg: include/config.h FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(call cmd,u_boot_cfg,-DCONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
include/config.h: scripts/Makefile.autoconf create_symlink FORCE
$(call filechk,config_h)
3.1 依赖include/autoconf.mk
include/autoconf.mk: u-boot.cfg
$(call cmd,autoconf)
u-boot.cfg: include/config.h FORCE
$(call cmd,u_boot_cfg)
3.1.1 include/config.h的规则
include/config.h: scripts/Makefile.autoconf create_symlink FORCE
$(call filechk,config_h)
3.1.1.1 FORCE
参见UBOOT编译--- make xxx_deconfig过程详解(一)4.3小节。
3.1.1.2 create_symlink
为mach相关的头文件在arch/arm/include/asm/arch创建软连接。
#note：scripts/Makefile.autoconf
# symbolic links
# If arch/$(ARCH)/mach-$(SOC)/include/mach exists,
# make a symbolic link to that directory.
# Otherwise, create a symbolic link to arch/$(ARCH)/include/asm/arch-$(SOC).
PHONY += create_symlink
create_symlink:
ifdef CONFIG_CREATE_ARCH_SYMLINK
ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
$(Q)mkdir -p include/asm
$(Q)if [ -d $(KBUILD_SRC)/arch/$(ARCH)/mach-$(SOC)/include/mach ]; then \
dest=arch/$(ARCH)/mach-$(SOC)/include/mach; \
else \
dest=arch/$(ARCH)/include/asm/arch-$(if $(SOC),$(SOC),$(CPU)); \
fi; \
ln -fsn $(KBUILD_SRC)/$$dest include/asm/arch
else
$(Q)if [ -d arch/$(ARCH)/mach-$(SOC)/include/mach ]; then \
dest=../../mach-$(SOC)/include/mach; \
else \
dest=arch-$(if $(SOC),$(SOC),$(CPU)); \
fi; \
ln -fsn $$dest arch/$(ARCH)/include/asm/arch
endif
endif
如果采用直接在源目录编译的方式时KBUILD_SRC为空，走else分支。对于我调试的单板ARCH=arm，SOC=imx8m，因此执行else语句展开为：
if [ -d arch/arm/mach-imx8m/include/mach ]; then \
dest=../../mach-imx8m/include/mach; \
else \
dest=arch-imx8m; \
fi; \
ln -fsn $dest arch/arm/include/asm/arch
由于我使用的单板设备商提供的源码中没有arch/arm/mach-imx8m/include/mach 和arch-imx8m目录(而是直接在arch/arm/include/asm/arch目录下提供必要的头文件，当然一般不建议这么做)。执行该句相当于未执行。
3.1.1.3 scripts/Makefile.autoconf
指定的依赖文件。
3.1.1.4 规则 $(call filechk,config_h)
#note：scripts/Kbuild.include
###
# filechk is used to check if the content of a generated file is updated.
# Sample usage:
# define filechk_sample
# echo $KERNELRELEASE
# endef
# version.h : Makefile
# $(call filechk,sample)
# The rule defined shall write to stdout the content of the new file.
# The existing file will be compared with the new one.
# - If no file exist it is created
# - If the content differ the new file is used
# - If they are equal no change, and no timestamp update
# - stdin is piped in from the first prerequisite ($<) so one has
# to specify a valid file as first prerequisite (often the kbuild file)
define filechk
$(Q)set -e; \
$(kecho) ' CHK $@'; \
mkdir -p $(dir $@); \
$(filechk_$(1)) < $< > $@.tmp; \
if [ -r $@ ] && cmp -s $@ $@.tmp; then \
rm -f $@.tmp; \
else \
$(kecho) ' UPD $@'; \
mv -f $@.tmp $@; \
fi
endef
上述代码中$@为3.2.1小节的目标：‘include/config.h’，‘ $ (1)’为第一个参数config_h，‘$<’ 为第一个依赖scripts/Makefile.autoconf展开为：
$(Q)set -e; \
$(kecho) ' CHK include/config.h'; \
mkdir -p $(dir $@); \
$(filechk_config_h) < scripts/Makefile.autoconf > include/config.h.tmp; \
if [ -r include/config.h ] && cmp -s include/config.h include/config.h.tmp; then \
rm -f include/config.h.tmp; \
else \
$(kecho) ' UPD include/config.h'; \
mv -f include/config.h.tmp include/config.h; \
fi
filechk_config_h定义在scripts/Makefile.autoconf中
#note：scripts/Makefile.autoconf
# Prior to Kconfig, it was generated by mkconfig. Now it is created here.
define filechk_config_h
(echo "/* Automatically generated - do not edit */"; \
for i in $$(echo $(CONFIG_SYS_EXTRA_OPTIONS) | sed 's/,/ /g'); do \
echo \#define CONFIG_$$i \
| sed '/=/ {s/=/ /;q; } ; { s/$$/ 1/; }'; \
done; \
echo \#define CONFIG_BOARDDIR board/$(if $(VENDOR),$(VENDOR)/)$(BOARD);\
echo \#include \<config_defaults.h\>; \
echo \#include \<config_uncmd_spl.h\>; \
echo \#include \<configs/$(CONFIG_SYS_CONFIG_NAME).h\>; \
echo \#include \<asm/config.h\>; \
echo \#include \<linux/kconfig.h\>; \
echo \#include \<config_fallbacks.h\>;)
endef
其中CONFIG_SYS_EXTRA_OPTIONS为xxx_deconfig中定义：CONFIG_SYS_EXTRA_OPTIONS="IMX_CONFIG=arch/arm/mach-imx/spl_sd.cfg,SPL_TEXT_BASE=0x7E1000"。具体编译命令如下：
set -e; : ' CHK include/config.h'; mkdir -p include/; (echo "/* Automatically generated - do not edit */"; for i in $(echo "IMX_CONFIG=arch/arm/mach-imx/spl_sd.cfg,SPL_TEXT_BASE=0x7E1000" | sed 's/,/ /g'); do echo \#define CONFIG_$i | sed '/=/ {s/=/ /;q; } ; { s/$/ 1/; }'; done; echo \#define CONFIG_BOARDDIR board/myzr/myimx8mm; echo \#include \<config_defaults.h\>; echo \#include \<config_uncmd_spl.h\>; echo \#include \<configs/"myimx8mmek240".h\>; echo \#include \<asm/config.h\>; echo \#include \<linux/kconfig.h\>; echo \#include \<config_fallbacks.h\>;) < scripts/Makefile.autoconf > include/config.h.tmp; if [ -r include/config.h ] && cmp -s include/config.h include/config.h.tmp; then rm -f include/config.h.tmp; else : ' UPD include/config.h'; mv -f include/config.h.tmp include/config.h; fi
include/config.h内容如下：
3.1.2 u-boot.cfg的规则 $(call cmd,u_boot_cfg)
#note：scripts/Makefile.autoconf
# echo command.
# Short version is used, if $(quiet) equals `quiet_', otherwise full one.
echo-cmd = $(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),\
echo ' $(call escsq,$($(quiet)cmd_$(1)))$(echo-why)';)
# printing commands
cmd = @$(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1))
quiet定义在顶层Makefile，默认值(空)，escsq的作用是转义在回显语句中使用的单引号。为了方便理解，这里把静默编译功能关掉，即quiet=quiet_。
quiet_cmd_u_boot_cfg = CFG $@ //编译时经常看的就是这句打印
cmd_u_boot_cfg = \
$(CPP) $(c_flags) $2 -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -dM $(srctree)/include/common.h > $@.tmp && { \
grep 'define CONFIG_' $@.tmp > $@; \
rm $@.tmp; \
} || { \
rm $@.tmp; false; \
}
上诉命展开如下：
/home/h/my-work/03_toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -E -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-format-security -fno-builtin -ffreestanding -fshort-wchar -O2 -fno-stack-protector -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -g -fstack-usage -Wno-format-nonliteral -Werror=date-time -D__KERNEL__ -D__UBOOT__ -D__ARM__ -fno-pic -mstrict-align -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -ffixed-r9 -fno-common -ffixed-x18 -pipe -Iinclude -I./arch/arm/include -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h -nostdinc -isystem /home/h/my-work/03_toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/../lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/7.3.1/include -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -dM ./include/common.h > u-boot.cfg.tmp && { grep 'define CONFIG_' u-boot.cfg.tmp > u-boot.cfg; rm u-boot.cfg.tmp; } || { rm u-boot.cfg.tmp; false; }
$2为空，编译选项“-dM”的作用是输出include/common.h中定义的所有宏。根据上面的规则，编译器提取include/common.h中(include/common.h文件包含了include/config.h文件，而include/config.h文件又包含了其它头文件，这里面的内容都会得到解析。 )定义的宏，然后输出给u-boot.cfg.tmp，然后查找和处理以“CONFIG_”开头的宏定义的功能并输出给u-boot.cfg。
3.1.3 include/autoconf.mk的规则 $(call cmd,autoconf)
# We are migrating from board headers to Kconfig little by little.
# In the interim, we use both of
# - include/config/auto.conf (generated by Kconfig)
# - include/autoconf.mk (used in the U-Boot conventional configuration)
# The following rule creates autoconf.mk
# include/config/auto.conf is grepped in order to avoid duplication of the
# same CONFIG macros
quiet_cmd_autoconf = GEN $@ //编译时经常看的就是这句打印
cmd_autoconf = \
sed -n -f $(srctree)/tools/scripts/define2mk.sed $< | \
while read line; do \
if [ -n "${KCONFIG_IGNORE_DUPLICATES}" ] || \
! grep -q "$${line%=*}=" include/config/auto.conf; then \
echo "$$line"; \
fi \
done > $@
上诉命展开如下：
sed -n -f ./tools/scripts/define2mk.sed u-boot.cfg | while read line; do if [ -n "" ] || ! grep -q "${line%=*}=" include/config/auto.conf; then echo "$line"; fi done > include/autoconf.mk
上面语句就是寻找u-boot.cfg 中有但是include/config/auto.conf没有的行，并把摘到的内容输出到include/autoconf.mk中 。
3.2 include/autoconf.mk.dep
include/autoconf.mk.dep: include/config.h FORCE
$(call cmd,autoconf_dep)
#note：scripts/Makefile.autoconf
# echo command.
# Short version is used, if $(quiet) equals `quiet_', otherwise full one.
echo-cmd = $(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),\
echo ' $(call escsq,$($(quiet)cmd_$(1)))$(echo-why)';)
# printing commands
cmd = @$(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1))
quiet定义在顶层Makefile，默认值(空)，escsq的作用是转义在回显语句中使用的单引号。为了方便理解，这里把静默编译功能关掉，即quiet=quiet_。
quiet_cmd_autoconf_dep = GEN $@
cmd_autoconf_dep = $(CC) -x c -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -M -MP $(c_flags) \
-MQ include/config/auto.conf $(srctree)/include/common.h > $@ || { \
rm $@; false; \
}
上诉命展开如下：
/home/h/my-work/03_toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -x c -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -M -MP -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-format-security -fno-builtin -ffreestanding -fshort-wchar -O2 -fno-stack-protector -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -g -fstack-usage -Wno-format-nonliteral -Werror=date-time -D__KERNEL__ -D__UBOOT__ -D__ARM__ -fno-pic -mstrict-align -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -ffixed-r9 -fno-common -ffixed-x18 -pipe -Iinclude -I./arch/arm/include -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h -nostdinc -isystem /home/h/my-work/03_toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/../lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/7.3.1/include -MQ include/config/auto.conf ./include/common.h > include/autoconf.mk.dep || { rm include/autoconf.mk.dep; false; }
分析：include/autoconf.mk.dep依赖 include/config.h，其中include/config.h为动态创建。
（1）-M 生成目标依赖关系，其中目标的格式为源文件去路径文件名+.o后缀。生成文件的依赖关系，同时也把一些标准库的头文件包含了进来。本质是告诉预处理器输出一个适合 make 的规则，用于描述各目标文件的依赖关系。对于每个源文件，预处理器输出 一个 make 规则，该规则的目标项 (target) 是源文件对应的目标文件名，依赖项 (dependency) 是源文件中 “#include” 引用的所有文件，生成的规则可以是单行，但如果太长，就用’'换行符续成多行。规则显示在标准输出，不产生预处理过的 C 程序。
-M 处理后的格式如下：
（2）-MP生成的依赖文件里面，依赖规则中的所有 .h 依赖项都会在该文件中生成一个伪目标，其不依赖任何其他依赖项。该伪规则将避免删除了对应的头文件而没有更新 “Makefile” 去匹配新的依赖关系而导致 make 出错的情况出现。
-MP 处理后的格式如下：
（3）-MQ相当于-MT，覆盖默认的源文件去路径文件名+.o后缀的目标生成格式，采用指定的字符串，这里对应include/config/auto.conf；
-MQ 处理后的格式如下：
（4）$@为自动变量，代表依赖关系中的目标，这里对应include/autoconf.mk.dep；
（5）-x c，指定源文件使用C语言语法；
总体来说：该依赖关系用来生成include/autoconf.mk.dep，生成的方法是生成 include/common.h的依赖关系。
3.3 spl/u-boot.cfg
spl/u-boot.cfg: include/config.h FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(call cmd,u_boot_cfg,-DCONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
cmd的定义在本篇前面已经讲过，这里略过，直接展开$(call cmd,u_boot_cfg,-DCONFIG_SPL_BUILD)：
```c
quiet_cmd_u_boot_cfg = CFG $@ //编译时经常看的就是这句打印
cmd_u_boot_cfg = \
$(CPP) $(c_flags) $2 -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -dM $(srctree)/include/common.h > $@.tmp && { \
grep 'define CONFIG_' $@.tmp > $@; \
rm $@.tmp; \
} || { \
rm $@.tmp; false; \
}
上诉命展开如下：
/home/h/my-work/03_toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -E -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-format-security -fno-builtin -ffreestanding -fshort-wchar -O2 -fno-stack-protector -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -g -fstack-usage -Wno-format-nonliteral -Werror=date-time -D__KERNEL__ -D__UBOOT__ -D__ARM__ -fno-pic -mstrict-align -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -ffixed-r9 -fno-common -ffixed-x18 -pipe -Iinclude -I./arch/arm/include -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h -nostdinc -isystem /home/h/my-work/03_toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.3.1-2018.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/../lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/7.3.1/include -DCONFIG_SPL_BUILD -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -dM ./include/common.h > spl/u-boot.cfg.tmp && { grep 'define CONFIG_' spl/u-boot.cfg.tmp > spl/u-boot.cfg; rm spl/u-boot.cfg.tmp; } || { rm spl/u-boot.cfg.tmp; false; }
$2为-DCONFIG_SPL_BUILD(新增宏定义CONFIG_SPL_BUILD )，编译选项“-dM”的作用是输出include/common.h中定义的所有宏。根据上面的规则，编译器提取include/common.h中(include/common.h文件包含了include/config.h文件，而include/config.h文件又包含了其它头文件，这里面的内容都会得到解析。 )定义的宏，然后输出给spl/u-boot.cfg.tmp，然后查找和处理以“CONFIG_”开头的宏定义的功能并输出给spl/u-boot.cfg。
spl/u-boot.cfg和u-boot.cfg的区别主要是根据是否定义CONFIG_SPL_BUILD宏，代码会有不同的分支。
3.4 spl/include/autoconf.mk
spl/include/autoconf.mk: spl/u-boot.cfg
$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(call cmd,autoconf)
# We are migrating from board headers to Kconfig little by little.
# In the interim, we use both of
# - include/config/auto.conf (generated by Kconfig)
# - include/autoconf.mk (used in the U-Boot conventional configuration)
# The following rule creates autoconf.mk
# include/config/auto.conf is grepped in order to avoid duplication of the
# same CONFIG macros
quiet_cmd_autoconf = GEN $@ //编译时经常看的就是这句打印
cmd_autoconf = \
sed -n -f $(srctree)/tools/scripts/define2mk.sed $< | \
while read line; do \
if [ -n "${KCONFIG_IGNORE_DUPLICATES}" ] || \
! grep -q "$${line%=*}=" include/config/auto.conf; then \
echo "$$line"; \
fi \
done > $@
上诉命展开如下：
sed -n -f ./tools/scripts/define2mk.sed spl/u-boot.cfg | while read line; do if [ -n "" ] || ! grep -q "${line%=*}=" include/config/auto.conf; then echo "$line"; fi done > spl/include/autoconf.mk
上面语句就是寻找spl/u-boot.cfg中有但是include/config/auto.conf没有的行，并把摘到的内容输出到spl/include/autoconf.mk中 。
4. 总结（包含上一篇文章）
#顶层Makefile
|--- include/config/%.conf: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd //KCONFIG_CONFIG = .config
|
|--- $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile silentoldconfig
| |--- #顶层Makefile
| |--- %config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
| |--- $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
| | |--- #scripts/kconfig/Makefile
| | |--- silentoldconfig: $(obj)/conf
| |--- $(Q)mkdir -p include/config include/generated
| |--- $(Q)test -e include/generated/autoksyms.h || touch include/generated/autoksyms.h
| |--- $< $(silent) --$@ $(Kconfig) //等价于 scripts/kconfig/conf -s --myimx8mmek240-8mm-2g_defconfig .config
|
|--- $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.autoconf //未指定目标，采用默认目标__all
| |--- #scripts/Makefile.autoconf
| |--- __all: include/autoconf.mk include/autoconf.mk.dep
| | |--- include/autoconf.mk: u-boot.cfg
| | | |--- $(call cmd,autoconf_dep)//通过编译选项"-M"、"-MP"、"-MQ"生成 include/common.h的依赖关系
| |
| |---__all: spl/include/autoconf.mk
| |--- spl/include/autoconf.mk: spl/u-boot.cfg
| | | |--- $(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
| | | |--- $(call cmd,autoconf)//寻找spl/u-boot.cfg中有但是include/config/auto.conf没有的行,并把摘到的内容输出到spl/include/autoconf.mk中
include/config.h: scripts/Makefile.autoconf create_symlink FORCE
$(call filechk,config_h) //生成include/config.h文件
u-boot.cfg: include/config.h FORCE
$(call cmd,u_boot_cfg) //通过编译选项"-dM"输出include/common.h中定义的所有宏
spl/u-boot.cfg: include/config.h FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(call cmd,u_boot_cfg,-DCONFIG_SPL_BUILD)//通过宏 CONFIG_SPL_BUILD 和编译选项"-dM"输出include/common.h中定义的所有宏_SPL_BUILD)//通过宏 CONFIG_SPL_BUILD 和编译选项"-dM"输出include/common.h中定义的所有宏
5. 参考
（1）Linux Makefile 生成 *.d 依赖文件以及 gcc -M -MF -MP 等相关选项说明
（2）gcc -M -MM -MQ -MF -MT -MD(示例代码)
（3）gcc 选项 -M -MQ
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