数据仓库006 - MySQL 5.6.x - Linux最佳生产环境离线部署

一、离线安装包 文件准备

　　这里以mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz为例，记一次MySQL 5.6.x 的生产环境离线部署过程。使用SecureCRT连接生产部署的机器，这里注意使用root用户进行操作。

　　mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz文件，已放到网盘（为什么不放到仓库的原因：****,习惯了 ），

　　　　链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1aOC4jUiVa5KcLS7dQwyCbA          提取码：kvuo

　　1、检查是否安装过mysqld

[root@slave054 local]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
root             : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysqld

[root@slave054 local]# rpm -qa |grep -i mysql

[root@slave054 local]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
root             : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysqld

　　2、切换到/usr/local目录下

[root@slave054 ~]#  cd /usr/local
[root@slave054 local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@slave054 local]# 

　

　　3、使用rz 上传mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz压缩文件

[root@slave054 local]# ll
total
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    bin
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    etc
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    games
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    include
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    lib
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    libexec
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  root root  Nov  : share
drwxr-xr-x.  root root   Apr    src
[root@slave054 local]# rz
rz waiting to receive.
 zmodem trl+C ȡ
 
  %   KB  KB/s ::        Errorssc2.-x86_64.tar.gz...
 
[root@slave054 local]#

[root@slave054 local]# ll
total
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    bin
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    etc
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    games
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    include
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    lib
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    libexec
-rw-r--r--.  root root  Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  root root         Nov  : share
drwxr-xr-x.  root root          Apr    src
[root@slave054 local]# 

　　

二、解压文件并建立软连接

　　1、解压mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@slave054 local]#  tar xzvf mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz

　　2、建立软连接

[root@slave054 local]# ln -s  mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64 mysql

[root@slave054 local]# ll
total
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    bin
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    etc
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    games
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    include
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    lib
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    libexec
lrwxrwxrwx.   root root         Nov  : mysql -> mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.  root root        Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
-rw-r--r--.   root root  Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   root root         Nov  : share
drwxr-xr-x.   root root          Apr    src
[root@slave054 local]# 

三、用户和用户组

　　1、添加dba用户组

[root@slave054 local]# groupadd -g  dba

　　2、新建mysqladmin用户

[root@slave054 local]# useradd -u  -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
 
[root@slave054 local]#  id mysqladmin
uid=(mysqladmin) gid=(dba) groups=(dba),(root)
 
[root@slave054 local]# passwd mysqladmin
Changing password for user mysqladmin.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than  characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@slave054 local]# 

　　如果mysqladmin 已经存在，则执行如下命令：

usermod -u  -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin

　　3、复制环境变量配置文件至mysqladmin用户的home目录

[root@slave054 local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql
cp: omitting directory ‘/etc/skel/.’
cp: omitting directory ‘/etc/skel/..’
cp: omitting directory ‘/etc/skel/.mozilla’
[root@slave054 local]# 

　　4、my.cnf文件配置

[root@slave054 local]# cd /etc/
[root@slave054 etc]# vi my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
 
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
 
~
~
~
~
"my.cnf" 19L, 570C

my.cnf默认配置

　　将以下的内容，替换掉原来默认的my.cnf默认配置内容，注意vim要进入-- INSERT --模式才能开始粘贴，否则粘贴的内容会不完全：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
 
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[client]
port            =
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
port            =
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
 
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M
 
table_open_cache =
thread_cache_size =
wait_timeout =
interactive_timeout =
max_connections = 
 
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 
 
#isolation level and default engine
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
 
server-id  =
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid
 
#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now
 
binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators=
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
#other logs
#general_log =
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err
 
#for replication slave
#log-slave-updates
#sync_binlog = 
 
#for innodb options
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group =
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
 
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
 
innodb_lock_wait_timeout =
#innodb_thread_concurrency =
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=
 
#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=
innodb-write-io-threads=
innodb-io-capacity=
#purge threads change default() to  for purge
innodb_purge_threads=
innodb_use_native_aio=on
 
#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table =
lower_case_table_names=
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
 
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
 
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
 
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

替换配置后的效果

　　如果需要进行mysql调优，只需要调整*_buffer_size的参数即可，切记根据实际需求修改。

　　注意：

　　defualt start: /etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf-> --defaults-extra-file->~/my.cnf

　　5、权限与文件所有者

[root@slave054 etc]# cd -
/usr/local
 
[root@slave054 local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
 
[root@slave054 local]#  chmod   /etc/my.cnf 
 
[root@slave054 local]# ll /etc/my.cnf
-rw-r-----.  mysqladmin dba  Nov  : /etc/my.cnf
 
[root@slave054 local]# ll |grep mysql
lrwxrwxrwx.   root root         Nov  : mysql -> mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.  root root        Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
-rw-r--r--.   root root  Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
 
[root@slave054 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
 
[root@slave054 local]# ll |grep mysql
lrwxrwxrwx.   mysqladmin dba          Nov  : mysql -> mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.  root       root        Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
-rw-r--r--.   root       root  Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
 
[root@slave054 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
 
[root@slave054 local]# ll |grep mysql
lrwxrwxrwx.   mysqladmin dba          Nov  : mysql -> mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba         Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
-rw-r--r--.   root       root  Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
 
[root@slave054 local]# chmod -R  /usr/local/mysql
 
[root@slave054 local]# chmod -R  /usr/local/mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
 
[root@slave054 local]# ll |grep mysql
lrwxrwxrwx.   mysqladmin dba          Nov  : mysql -> mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba         Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64
-rw-r--r--.   root       root  Nov  : mysql-5.6.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@slave054 local]# 

四、mysqladmin用户配置mysql

　　1、登录mysqladmin用户

[root@slave054 local]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ ll
total
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : bin
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba   Jan    COPYING
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : data
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : docs
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : include
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba  Jan    INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : lib
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : man
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba    Nov  : mysql-test
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Jan    README
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : scripts
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba    Nov  : share
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : support-files
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

　　2、新建backup目录

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mkdir arch backup

　　3、使用scripts安装mysql_install_db

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db
Installing MySQL system tables...-- ::  [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-- ::  [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
 
Filling help tables...-- ::  [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-- ::  [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
 
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
 
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
 
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h slave054 password 'new-password'
 
Alternatively you can run:
 
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
 
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
 
See the manual for more instructions.
 
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
 
  cd . ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
 
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
 
  cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
 
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
 
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
 
  http://www.mysql.com
 
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
 
New default config file was created as ./my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
 
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
 
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

　　注意：如果第3步骤中，报了一个

Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory #缺少libaio.so 包  错误，为了修正这个错误，就需要 先执行 如下命令，之后再切换回mysqladmin用户，继续执行第3步骤中的内容：

　　* 4-1、查看Linux version

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Aug 7 18:08:02 UTC 2019
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

　　* 4-2、gcc  （建议使用root用户进行操作）

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ rpm -qa |grep gcc
gcc-c++-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
gcc-gfortran-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

　　* 4-3、切换root用户，安装libaio 包

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ su - root
Password:
Last login: Mon Nov  :: CST  on pts/
[root@slave054 ~]#  yum -y install libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                     | 3.6 kB     :
extras                                                   | 2.9 kB     :
updates                                                  | 2.9 kB     :
Package libaio-0.3.-.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@slave054 ~]# 

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base-tn54                                                                                              | 1.1 kB     :
tn-appv1                                                                                               |   B     :
updates-tn54                                                                                           |   B     :
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.i386 :0.3.-3.2 set to be updated
---> Package libaio.x86_64 :0.3.-3.2 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
==============================================================================================================================
 Package                    Arch                       Version                            Repository                     Size
==============================================================================================================================
Installing:
 libaio                     i386                       0.3.-3.2                        base-tn54                       k
 libaio                     x86_64                     0.3.-3.2                        base-tn54                       k
 
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================
Install       Package(s)
Update        Package(s)
Remove        Package(s)         
 
Total download size:  k
Downloading Packages:
(/): libaio-0.3.-3.2.i386.rpm                                                                     |   kB     :
(/): libaio-0.3.-3.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                   |   kB     :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                          kB/s |   kB     :
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : libaio                                                                                                 /
  Installing     : libaio                                                                                                 / 
 
Installed:
  libaio.i386 :0.3.-3.2                                    libaio.x86_64 :0.3.-3.2                                   
 
Complete!

第一次安装libaio效果

　　* 4-4、重新切换mysqladmin用户

[root@slave054 ~]# su - mysqladmin
Last login: Mon Nov  :: CST  on pts/
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

五、初始化db

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
Installing MySQL system tables...-- ::  [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-- ::  [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
 
Filling help tables...-- ::  [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-- ::  [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
 
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
 
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
 
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h slave054 password 'new-password'
 
Alternatively you can run:
 
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
 
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
 
See the manual for more instructions.
 
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
 
  cd . ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
 
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
 
  cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
 
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
 
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
 
  http://www.mysql.com
 
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
 
WARNING: Found existing config file /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf on the system.
Because this file might be in use, it was not replaced,
but was used in bootstrap (unless you used --defaults-file)
and when you later start the server.
The new default config file was created as /usr/local/mysql/my-new.cnf,
please compare it with your file and take the changes you need.
 
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
 
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

执行后的效果

六、配置mysql 自启服务

　　1、切换root用户

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ su - root
Password:
Last login: Mon Nov  :: CST  on pts/
[root@slave054 ~]# 

　　2、将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql

[root@slave054 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@slave054 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[root@slave054 mysql]# 

　　3、赋予可执行权限

[root@slave054 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[root@slave054 mysql]# 

　　4、添加服务

　　这里为了防止之前安装过mysql服务，而导致此处不成功，这里先删除服务之后再安装服务。

[root@slave054 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
[root@slave054 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@slave054 mysql]#  chkconfig --level  mysql on
[root@slave054 mysql]# 

　　5、写入便捷操作

[root@slave054 mysql]# echo 'su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start --federated"' >>/etc/rc.local
[root@slave054 mysql]# tail /etc/rc.local
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
 
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start --federated"
[root@slave054 mysql]# 

七、启动mysql 服务

　　1、切换mysqladmin用户

[root@slave054 mysql]# su - mysqladmin
Last login: Mon Nov  :: CST  on pts/
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

建议不执行

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ ll
total
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : arch
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba       Nov  : backup
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : bin
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba   Jan    COPYING
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : data
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : docs
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : include
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba  Jan    INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : lib
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : man
-rw-r--r--.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : my.cnf
-rw-r--r--.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : my-new.cnf
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba    Nov  : mysql-test
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Jan    README
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : scripts
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba    Nov  : share
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : support-files
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mv my.cnf my.cnf.bak
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ ll
total
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : arch
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba       Nov  : backup
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : bin
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba   Jan    COPYING
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : data
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : docs
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : include
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba  Jan    INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : lib
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : man
-rw-r--r--.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : my.cnf.bak
-rw-r--r--.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : my-new.cnf
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba    Nov  : mysql-test
-rwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Jan    README
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba      Nov  : scripts
drwxr-xr-x.  mysqladmin dba    Nov  : share
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba    Nov  : sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x.   mysqladmin dba     Nov  : support-files
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mysqld_safe &
[]
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err'.
 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
^C
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ ps -ef|grep mysqld
mysqlad+       : pts/    :: /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqlad+       : pts/    :: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=
mysqlad+       : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysqld
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ netstat -tulnp | grep mysql
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp6              :::                 :::*                    LISTEN      /mysqld
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mv my.cnf.bak my.cnf

安全与监听-演示

　　2、启动mysql 服务

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$  service mysql start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$  service mysql status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running ()
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$

　　

　　3、登录mysql

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.6.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> 

　

*八、数据库部分被隐匿-解决方法　

　　这里Database只有 information_schema 和 test，说明mysql数据库的user表里，存在用户名为空的账户即匿名账户，导致登录的时候是虽然用的是root，但实际是匿名登录的，通过错误提示里的''@'localhost'可以看出来

　　1、先停止服务，并mysqld_safe执行

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ service mysql status
 ERROR! MySQL is not running
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mysqld_safe --skip-grant-table
 :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err'.
 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

　　　2、新开克隆窗口，程序登录恢复正常：

[linux@slave054 ~]$ su - mysqladmin
Password:
Last login: Mon Nov  :: CST  on pts/
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.6.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> 

　　

　　3、删除匿名登录

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> delete from user where USER='';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> \q
Bye
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

九、修改登录密码

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.6.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=password('') where user='root';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched:   Changed:   Warnings: 
 
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user | password                                  |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| slave054  | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| ::       | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> delete from user where user='';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> 

　　在一定程度上说，mysql 5.7版本之前的初次默认密码为空，mysql 5.7以后默认密码为随机数。

十、配置无主机登录

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::       | root |
| localhost | root |
| slave054  | root |
+-----------+------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| %         | root |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::       | root |
| localhost | root |
| slave054  | root |
+-----------+------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> delete from user where host !='%';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> quit
Bye
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ 

　　此时不能再使用mysql -uroot进行登录 ，而一定要使用 mysql -uroot -p进行登录，切记 -p后面不能写明密码，防止密码泄露！如：

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mysql -uroot
ERROR  (): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.6.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> 

十一、写入配置到用户个人环境变量文件

　　·这里不写/etc/profile的原因：mysqladmin用户专职进行mysql的管理，独自集中管理，拒绝权利外配，所以就连全局下的root不分配。

　　·这里不写.bash_profile的原因：在使用SecureCRT连接时，.bash_profile的部分配置参数不被加载

　　所以经过分析，写入 .bashrc文件，将下列内容追加到 .bashrc文件中，切记先进入-- INSERT --  模式再粘贴，否则容易发生粘贴不完全的现象：

# User specific environment and startup programs
MYSQL_BASE=/usr/local/mysql
export MYSQL_BASE
PATH=$PATH:${MYSQL_BASE}/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/opt/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/mysql
export PATH
export PATH
 
unset USERNAME
 
#stty erase
set umask to
umask
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1
 
alias l="ls -ltr"
alias la="ls -la"
alias d="df -lk"
#alias rm="rm -i"
alias bg="ps -aef|grep mysql"
alias base="cd /usr/local/mysql"
alias bin="cd //usr/local/mysql/bin"
alias dba="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba"
alias sh="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/sh"
alias sql="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/sql"
alias config="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/config"
alias dbalog="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/log"
alias arch="cd /usr/local/mysql/arch"
alias data="cd /usr/local/mysql/data"

　这样重新登录mysqladmin用户，会改变mysqladmin的样式，方便生产过程：

[mysqladmin@slave054 ~]$ exit
logout
[linux@slave054 ~]$ su - mysqladmin
Password:
Last login: Mon Nov  :: CST  on pts/
slave054:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>

　　注意：

　　　　如果发生如下错误，对应修改即可：

Error1: File '/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: )
           test2.localdomain:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/arch:>chmod  *
           test2.localdomain:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/arch:>chown –R mysqladmin:dba *

十二、远程连接问题

见图：

　　先登录root用户，关闭防火墙：

slave054:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>su - root
Password:
Last login: Mon Nov  :: CST  on pts/
[root@slave054 ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@slave054 ~]#  systemctl stop firewalld
[root@slave054 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon -- :: CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld()
  Process:  ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
 Main PID:  (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
 
Nov  :: slave054 systemd[]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall .....
Nov  :: slave054 systemd[]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall d...n.
Nov  :: slave054 systemd[]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall .....
Nov  :: slave054 systemd[]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall d...n.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@slave054 ~]#  systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@slave054 ~]# systemctl enable firewalld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
[root@slave054 ~]# 

　　再次测试连接成功，见图：