RabbitMQ之交换机及spring整合
交换机
交换机属性：
Name：交换机名称
Type：交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability：是否需要持久化，true为持久化
Auto Delete：当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange
Internal：当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为False
Arguments：扩展参数，用于扩展AMQP协议，定制化使用
直流交换机
直连交换机Direct Exchange（完全匹配路由key）
所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue
注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange：default Exchange，所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定（binding）操作，消息传递时，RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃；
消费端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
connectionFactory.setPort();
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval();
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String exchangeType = "direct";
String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
String routingKey = "test.direct"; //表示声明了一个交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
//表示声明了一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//建立一个绑定关系:
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
}
}
}
生产端代码
package com.jt.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; public class Producer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.147.146");
connectionFactory.setPort();
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
// String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到
//5 发送 String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes()); }
}
主题交换机
主题交换机Topic Exchange（匹配路由规则的交换机）
所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上；
Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic；
注意：可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配
符号：“#” 匹配一个或者多个词
符号：“*” 匹配不多不少一个词
列如：
“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”
“log.*” 能够匹配到 “log.err”
消费端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
connectionFactory.setPort();
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval();
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String exchangeType = "topic";
String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
String routingKey = "user.#";
// String routingKey = "user.*";
// 1 声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
// 2 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
}
}
}
生产端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; public class Producer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
connectionFactory.setPort();
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String routingKey1 = "user.save";
String routingKey2 = "user.update";
String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
//5 发送 String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
输出交换机
输出交换机Fanout Exchange（不做路由）
不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上；
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上；
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的
消费端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
connectionFactory.setPort();
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval();
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
String exchangeType = "fanout";
String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
String routingKey = ""; //不设置路由键
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
}
}
}
生产端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132");
connectionFactory.setPort();
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
//5 发送
for(int i = ; i < ; i ++) {
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
Binding-绑定
Exchange和Exchange、Queue之间的连接关系；
Binding中可以包含RoutingKey或者参数
Queue-消息队列
消息队列，实际存储消息数据
Durability：是否持久化
Durable：是，Transient：否
Auto delete：如选yes，代表当最后一个监听被移除之后，该Queue会自动被删除
Message-消息
服务器和应用程序之间传递的数据
本质上就是一段数据，由Properties和Payload（Body）组成
常用属性：delivery model、headers（自定义属性） Message-其他属性
content_type、content_encoding、priority
correlation_id、reply_to、expiration、message_id
Timestamp、type、user_id、app_id、cluster_id
Virtual host-虚拟主机
虚拟地址，用于进行逻辑隔离，最上层的消息路由
一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue
同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue
RabbitMQ整合 SpringCloud实战
注意一点，在发送消息的时候对template进行配置mandatory=true保证监听有效
生产端还可以配置其他属性，比如发送重试，超时时间、次数、间隔等
消费端核心配置
u 首先配置手工确认模式，用于ACK的手工处理，这样我们可以保证消息的可靠性送达，或者在消费端消费失败的时候可以做到重回队列、根据业务记录日志等处理
u 可以设置消费端的监听个数和最大个数，用于控制消费端的并发情况
@RabbitListener注解的使用
消费端监听@RabbitListener注解，这个对于在实际工作中非常的好用
u @RabbitListener是一个组合注解，里面可以注解配置（@QueueBinding、@Queue、@Exchange）直接通过这个组合注解一次性搞定消费端交换机、队列、绑定、路由、并且配置监听功能
注：由于类配置写在代码里非常不友好，所以强烈建议大家使用配置文件配置
相关代码
rabbitmq-common子项目
package com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Order implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
public Order() {
}
public Order(String id, String name) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer子项目
Pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2..RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.jt</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jt</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
application.properties配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.171.132:
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout= spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency= spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
RabbitReceiver
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer.conusmer; import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Map; @Component
public class RabbitReceiver { @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "queue-1",
durable="true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1",
durable="true",
type= "topic",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
key = "springboot.*"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消费端Payload: " + message.getPayload());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
} /**
*
* spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-1
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
* @param order
* @param channel
* @param headers
* @throws Exception
*/
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}",
type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onOrderMessage(@Payload Order order,
Channel channel,
@Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
} }
MainConfig.java
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer.*"})
public class MainConfig { }
rabbitmq-springcloud-producer子项目
Pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2..RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.jt</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>com.jt</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
application.properties
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.171.132:
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout= spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
RabbitSender.java
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.producer; import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Map; @Component
public class RabbitSender { //自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //回调函数: confirm确认
final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
if(!ack){
System.err.println("异常处理....");
}
}
}; //回调函数: return返回
final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
String exchange, String routingKey) {
System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: "
+ routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
}
}; //发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息
public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 时间戳 全局唯一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData);
} //发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息
public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 时间戳 全局唯一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData);
} }
MainConfig.java
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.*"})
public class MainConfig { }
测试代码RabbitmqSpringcloudProducerApplicationTests
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer; import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.producer.RabbitSender;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
class RabbitmqSpringcloudProducerApplicationTests { @Autowired
private RabbitSender rabbitSender; private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"); @Test
public void testSender1() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
properties.put("number", "");
properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date()));
rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties);
} @Test
public void testSender2() throws Exception {
Order order = new Order("", "第一个订单");
rabbitSender.sendOrder(order);
} }
测试一
测试二
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