DEVOPS技术实践_12:创建持续集成的管道

持续集成不仅包含了Jenkins或者相关其它的CI工具，也包含了包含代码如何控制，采用的什么分支策略等。
不同的组织可能采用不同的类型的策略来完成CI，策略类型和项目的类型的有很大的关系。

一分支策略

1.1 本实验分支

分支能够有效的对代码较好的管理，也是能够把工作的代码和开发环境的代码隔离的有效方式。主要有三种的分支策略类型
– master分支
– integration 分支
– feature 分支

1.master分支

master分支也叫做生产分支，该分支的代码全部是经过测试OK的代码。任何没有经过测试OK的代码都不会出现在该分支上。

2. Integration分支

集成分支也叫做mainline分支，该分支存放着所有功能的集成，并进行构建和测试。开发人员不能在该分支上直接开发，然而开发人员可以在集成分支上创建feaure分支，并在上面进行开发。

3. feature分支

最后是feature分支，这也是开发人员所在的分支，可以有多个feature分支。

下图展现了常用的分支策略。

在feature分支或者集成分支上进行构建、静态代码分析、集成测试等，假如代码测试通过，那么把打好的包上传到Artifactory(二进制库)

1.2 CI的管道

在Jenkins中创建多分支管道有以下步骤：
（1）从版本控制系统中拉取代码，并触发一个事件（CI管道的初始化）

（2）执行静态分析并把结果上传到SonarQube,假如发现的bug超过在quality gate的阀值，那么管道构建将会失败。

（3）执行集成测试和在Jenkins上公布单元测试报告。

（4）上传构建的artifacts，并附加一些相关的属性信息。

持续集成的目的就是把持续构建、测试（单元测试和集成测试），静态代码性能分析，和上传构建的artifacts到二进制库，这个过程是完全自动化的。并且报告每一步是否成功或者失败。

1.3 持续集成工具集下面是持续集成的要用到的工具

Technology	Characteristic
Java	Primary programming language used for coding
Maven	Build tool
Junit	Unit testing and integration testing tools
Jenkins	Continuous Integration tool
GitHub	Version control system
SoanrQube	Static code analysis tool
Artifactory	Binary repository mananger

二构建一个集成管道

创建执行集成管道，将会执行下面步骤：

在GitHub上创建源代码库
创建Jenkinsfile去描述构建、单元测试、静态代码分析、集成测试、和上分布到构建的二进制文件到Artifactory.
利用Docker去产生构建的agents去运行我们的持续集成管道。
在jenkins中创建多分支的管道。

2.1 node块

本实验依然使用master构建

node('master'){

}

并且将会在master的节点上执行以下步骤：

执行构建
执行单元测试并推送单元测试报告
执行代码分析并把它的结果上传到SonarQube
执行集成测试并把发布集成测试报告
推送artifacts到Artifactory

2.2 获取源代码

从版本控制器中下载最新的源代码，代码如下

stage(‘Poll’) {
scm checkout
}

2.3 管道代码去执行构建和单元测试

sh ‘mvn clean verify -DskipITs=true’;
junit ‘**/target/surefire-reports/TEST-.xml’
archive ‘target/.jar’

-DskipITs=ture代表跳过集成测试仅执行构建和单元测试,junit ‘/target/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml’ 命令是开启Jenkins去公布单元测试报告,‘/target/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml’ 此处存放的是单元测试报告所存在的目录位置。

管道代码去执行静态代码分析

通过运行Maven的命令，就是一个简单的shell脚本去执行静态代码的分析，这是使用针对maven的SonarQube scanner工具来进行配置的。

sh ‘mvn clean verify sonar:sonar -Dsonar.projectName=example-project

-Dsonar.projectKey=example-project -Dsonar.projectVersion=$BUILD_NUMBER’;

-Dsonar.projectName=example-project 这是传送给SonarQube项目名称的一个选项，测试的所有结果将会显示在projectName=example-project下

相似的-Dsonar.projectKey=example-project，这个选项是针对Maven的SonarQube Sanner去确认projectkey=example-project

-Dsonar.projectVersion=$BUILD_NUMBER这个选项是指关联到Jenkins的构建分析的号码，并把它上传到SonarQube。$BUILD_NUMBER是针对构建序列的环境变量。

2.4 静态代码分析

stage('Static Code Analysis'){
    sh 'mvn clean verify sonar:sonar -Dsonar.host.url=http://192.168.132.133:9000 -Dsonar.login=278c0c5ddadca63754f0fa9ce50ba99c20214fb5';
  }

管道代码去执行集成测试

-Dsurefire.skip=true是跳过单元测试，仅执行集成测试的junit ‘/target/failsafe-reports/TEST-*.xml’ 命令是开启jenkins去发布Junit unit 测试报告到Jenkins管道页面。/target/failsafe-reports/TEST-*.xml 这是产生的集成报告所在的目录。

集成测试阶段所包含的代码如下：

stage (‘Integration Test’){
sh ‘mvn clean verify -Dsurefire.skip=true’;
junit ‘**/target/failsafe-reports/TEST-*.xml’
archive ‘target/*.jar’
}

注意：针对单元测试和集成测试必须安装Jenkins Junit Plugin.

2.5 管道代码去发布构建的artifacts到Artifactory

去上传构建的artifacts到Artifactory，使用是File Specs。代码如下

“files”: [
{
“pattern”: “[Mandatory]”,
“target”: “[Mandatory]”,
“props”: “[Optional]”,
“recursive”: “[Optional, Default: ‘true’]”,
“flat” : “[Optional, Default: ‘true’]”,
“regexp”: “[Optional, Default: ‘false’]”
}
]

上面各参数的代码解释：

Parameters	Condition	Description
pattern	[Mandatory]	指定应该上传到Artifactory的本地artifacts的的路径，可以通过反掩码或者正则表达式指定多个artifacts，假如使用正则表达式，需要使用\逃义保留的字符（比如.,？等，从版本2.9.0之后所有的路径分隔符均以/进行分隔，包含winows系统
target	[Mandatory]	指定artifactory目录的路径，格式：[repository_name]/[repository_path]，假如模式的如何是以/结尾，那么b就会被认为是目录。假如repo-name/a/b，那么上传的文件就会以b在artifactory命名，上传路径建议使用｛1｝，｛2｝，｛3｝…这样代替，具体参考(https://www.jfrog.com/confluence/display/RTF/Using+File+Specs#UsingFileSpecs-UsingPlaceholders).
Props	[Optional]	是以Key=value的方式指定上传属性的值，如果有多个值，用，分隔。如 key1=value1;key2=value21,value22;key3=value3
flat	[Default:true]	假如指定为true，那么上传的artifactory里面的源系统文件层级就会被忽略，设置为true，才会保留源系统的文件层级
recursive	[Default:true] ｜如果为true，那么artifacts将会收集上传源目录的子目录，如果为faluse，仅会指定的源目录会被上传
regexp	[Default:false]	命令将会依据模式进行解释，就是正则表达式不会生效。如果为false，将会依正则表达式进行解释

下面是File Specs代码示例：

def server = Artifactory.server 'Default Artifactory server'
    def uploadSpec = """{
      "files": [
        {
          "pattern": "target/hello-0.0.1.war",
          "target": "example-project/${BUILD_NUMBER}/",
          "props": "Integration-Tested=Yes;Performance-Tested=No"
        }
      ]
    }"""

下面是对代码的解释：

Parameters	Description
def server = Artifactory.server ‘Default Artifactory Server’	This line tells Jenkins to use the existing Artifactory server configured in Jenkins. In our example, it is the default Artifactory server.
Default Artifactory Server	This is the name of the Artifactory server configured inside Jenkins
“pattern”: “target/hello-0.0.1.war”	This line of code will look at a file named hello-0.0.1.war inside the directory target, which is again inside the Jenkins workspace directory
“target”: “example-project/${BUILD_NUMBER}/”,	This line of code will try to upload the build artifacts to the Artifactory repository named helloworld-greeting-project. It will place the inside a folder named after the build number inside the Artifactory repository.
${BUILD_NUMBER}	The Jenkins environment variable for the build number.
“props”: “Integration-Tested=Yes;Performance-Testd=No”	This code creates two key-value paris and assigns them to the uploaded artifacts. These key-value paris can be used as labels for code promotion in Artifactory

2.6 合并pipeline代码

node('master') {
  stage('Poll') {
    checkout scm
  }
  stage('Build & Unit test'){
    sh 'mvn clean verify -DskipITs=true';
    junit '**/target/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml'
    archive 'target/*.jar'
  }
  stage('Static Code Analysis'){
    sh 'mvn clean verify sonar:sonar -Dsonar.host.url=http://192.168.132.133:9000 -Dsonar.login=278c0c5ddadca63754f0fa9ce50ba99c20214fb5';
  }
  stage ('Integration Test'){
    sh 'mvn clean verify -Dsurefire.skip=true';
    junit '**/target/failsafe-reports/TEST-*.xml'
    archive 'target/*.jar'
  }
  stage ('Publish'){
    def server = Artifactory.server 'Default Artifactory server'
    def uploadSpec = """{
      "files": [
        {
          "pattern": "target/hello-0.0.1.war",
          "target": "example-project/${BUILD_NUMBER}/",
          "props": "Integration-Tested=Yes;Performance-Tested=No"
        }
      ]
    }"""
    server.upload(uploadSpec)
  }
}

三 jenkins流水线任务

3.1 添加一个pipeline的任务

3.2 流水线配置

3.3 尝试构建

第一次构建失败

没有mvn命令，是因为master节点上，没有安装mvn工具，同时在jenkinsfile也没有使用参数调用mvn

直接安装一个mvn

3.4 再次构建

成功

3.5 查看sonar

3.7 查看artifcatory

构建的管道基本满足实验要求

3.8 查看日志

Started by user darren ning
Obtained Jenkinsfile from git http://192.168.132.132/root/hello-world-greeting.git
Running in Durability level: MAX_SURVIVABILITY
[Pipeline] Start of Pipeline
[Pipeline] node
Running on Jenkins in /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Poll)
[Pipeline] checkout
using credential e3e48ed7-dbce--bb18-28e0c71ab962
 > git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree # timeout=
Fetching changes from the remote Git repository
 > git config remote.origin.url http://192.168.132.132/root/hello-world-greeting.git # timeout=10
Fetching upstream changes from http://192.168.132.132/root/hello-world-greeting.git
 > git --version # timeout=
using GIT_ASKPASS to set credentials
 > git fetch --tags --progress http://192.168.132.132/root/hello-world-greeting.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
 > git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master^{commit} # timeout=
 > git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/origin/master^{commit} # timeout=
Checking out Revision d8a642e6869e108fcada44e0dd2de7b5e882fe1d (refs/remotes/origin/master)
 > git config core.sparsecheckout # timeout=
 > git checkout -f d8a642e6869e108fcada44e0dd2de7b5e882fe1d
Commit message: "Update Jenkinsfile"
 > git rev-list --no-walk d8a642e6869e108fcada44e0dd2de7b5e882fe1d # timeout=
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Build & Unit test)
[Pipeline] sh
+ mvn clean verify -DskipITs=true
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Hello Maven Webapp 0.0.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
。。。。。。
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling  source files to /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/target/classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.3:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling  source files to /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/target/test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.19:test (default-test) @ hello ---
。。。。。。。
-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running hello.DateTimeTest
 
Tests run: , Failures: , Errors: , Skipped: , Time elapsed: 0.014 sec - in hello.DateTimeTest
Running hello.MessageTest
Tests run: , Failures: , Errors: , Skipped: , Time elapsed:  sec - in hello.MessageTest
 
Results :
 
Tests run: , Failures: , Errors: , Skipped: 
 
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.1.:war (default-war) @ hello ---
 
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [hello] in [/root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/target/hello-0.0.]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [/root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/src/main/webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [ msecs]
[INFO] Building war: /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/target/hello-0.0..war
[INFO] WEB-INF/web.xml already added, skipping
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-failsafe-plugin:2.19:integration-test (default) @ hello ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-failsafe-plugin:2.19:verify (default) @ hello ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: .640s
[INFO] Finished at: Sun Oct  :: EDT
[INFO] Final Memory: 18M/159M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Pipeline] junit
Recording test results
[Pipeline] archive
The archive step is deprecated, please use archiveArtifacts instead.
No files found to archive for pattern "target/*.jar"; continuing.
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Static Code Analysis)
[Pipeline] sh
+ mvn clean verify sonar:sonar -Dsonar.host.url=http://192.168.132.133:9000 -Dsonar.login=278c0c5ddadca63754f0fa9ce50ba99c20214fb5
[INFO] Scanning for projects...、
。。。。。。
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Hello Maven Webapp 0.0.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.4.:clean (default-clean) @ hello ---
[INFO] Deleting /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:resources (default-resources) @ hello ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/src/main/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.3:compile (default-compile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling  source files to /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/target/classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.3:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling  source files to /root/.jenkins/workspace/pipelin-jenkinsfile/target/test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.19:test (default-test) @ hello ---
。。。。。。。
[INFO] User cache: /root/.sonar/cache
[INFO] SonarQube version: 6.7.
[INFO] Default locale: "en_US", source code encoding: "UTF-8"
[INFO] Publish mode
[INFO] Load global settings
[INFO] Load global settings (done) | time=420ms
[INFO] Server id: 8AB2C9A6-AWyV7Ii4gK-saCFcgAZW
[INFO] User cache: /root/.sonar/cache
[INFO] Load plugins index
[INFO] Load plugins index (done) | time=123ms
。。。。。
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: :.733s
[INFO] Finished at: Sun Oct  :: EDT
[INFO] Final Memory: 34M/218M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Integration Test)
[Pipeline] sh
+ mvn clean verify -Dsurefire.skip=true
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Hello Maven Webapp 0.0.
。。。。。。。
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // node
[Pipeline] End of Pipeline
Finished: SUCCESS

参考：https://edu.csdn.net/course/play/9051/188016 臧雪园老师视频课程