Ubuntu Server下docker实战 01: 安装docker

本系列文章主旨在于使用docker来搭建实际可用的基础服务，具体到每一步的操作和设置。

关于docker的原理、前世今生的内容，园子里已经有太多的文章了，此处就不再赘述。

要使用docker，当然第一步就是把它装到机器上，今天第一篇就讲docker自身的安装。

本文使用的服务器配置如下：

CPU: 8核

内存: 16G

硬盘: 50G+400G双硬盘

系统: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

安装步骤如下：

1. 更新Ubuntu所有组件到最新

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2. 安装必备软件

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

3. 添加密钥

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

4. 添加docker源仓库

sudo add-apt-repository  "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

5. 更新仓库列表

sudo apt-get update

6. 安装最新版本 docker

sudo apt-get install docker-ce

安装过程显示如下，如果网络顺畅的话，应该能够很顺利的安装完成

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount libltdl7 pigz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount docker-ce libltdl7 pigz
 upgraded,  newly installed,  to remove and  not upgraded.
Need to get 40.2 MB/40.4 MB of archives.
After this operation,  MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get: https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu [40.2 MB]
Fetched , kB in 1min 57s (29.3 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package pigz.
(Reading database ...  files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../archives/pigz_2.-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking pigz (2.4-) ...
Selecting previously unselected package aufs-tools.
Preparing to unpack .../aufs-tools_1%3a4.+-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking aufs-tools (:4.9+-1ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cgroupfs-mount.
Preparing to unpack .../cgroupfs-mount_1.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking cgroupfs-mount (1.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libltdl7:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libltdl7_2.4.6-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.-) ...
Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce.
Preparing to unpack .../docker-ce_18.06.1~ce~-~ubuntu_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking docker-ce (18.06.~ce~-~ubuntu) ...
Setting up aufs-tools (:4.9+-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.-) ...
Setting up cgroupfs-mount (1.4) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (-3ubuntu10.) ...
Setting up libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.-) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.-) ...
Setting up pigz (2.4-) ...
Setting up docker-ce (18.06.~ce~-~ubuntu) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/docker.socket → /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket.
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.-) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (-3ubuntu10.) ...

至此，docker安装完成，下面对docker做一些基本配置

7. 设置docker拉取镜像使用的代理(本步骤可选，根据实际需要设置)

# 创建配置目录
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

# 编辑配置文件
vi /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf

插入如下内容

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://192.168.0.158:3128/"

保存退出，重启docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

查看配置结果

systemctl show --property=Environment docker

8. 来一个hello world

sudo docker pull hello-world
sudo docker run hello-world

如果配置正常的话将显示如下结果

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
d1725b59e92d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0add3ace90ecb4adbf7777e9aacf18357296e799f81cabc9fde470971e499788
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 . The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 . The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 . The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 . The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/