UIGestureRecognizer ios手势识别温习

1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍

手势识别在iOS上非常重要，手势操作移动设备的重要特征，极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。

iOS系统在3.2以后，为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势，提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类，下面的子类是具体的手势，开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。

UITapGestureRecognizer

UIPinchGestureRecognizer

UIRotationGestureRecognizer

UISwipeGestureRecognizer

UIPanGestureRecognizer

UILongPressGestureRecognizer

上面的手势对应的操作是：

• Tap（点一下）
• Pinch（二指往內或往外拨动，平时经常用到的缩放）
• Rotation（旋转）
• Swipe（滑动，快速移动）
• Pan （拖移，慢速移动）
• LongPress（长按）

UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下：

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2、使用手势的步骤

使用手势很简单，分为两步：

• 创建手势实例。当创建手势时，指定一个回调方法，当手势开始，改变、或结束时，回调方法被调用。
• 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View，当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时，如果手势和预定的一样，那就会回调方法。

ps：一个手势只能对应一个View，但是一个View可以有多个手势。

建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便，可能导致你认为手势失效。

3、Pan 拖动手势：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
2. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
3. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
4. initWithTarget:self
5. action:@selector(handlePan:)];
6. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
7. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
8. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
9. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
10. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
11. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
12. initWithTarget:self
13. action:@selector(handlePan:)];
14. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
15. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
16. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];

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新建一个ImageView，然后添加手势

回调方法：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
2. {
3. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
4. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
5. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
6. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
7. }
8. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
9. {
10. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
11. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
12. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
13. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
14. }

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• 4、Pinch缩放手势

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
2. initWithTarget:self
3. action:@selector(handlePinch:)];<P class="p1">[<SPAN class="s1">snakeImageView</SPAN> <SPAN class="s2">addGestureRecognizer</SPAN>:pinchGestureRecognizer];</P>
4. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
5. initWithTarget:self
6. action:@selector(handlePinch:)];[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];

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[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
2. {
3. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
4. recognizer.scale = 1;
5. }
6. - (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
7. {
8. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
9. recognizer.scale = 1;
10. }

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5、Rotation旋转手势

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
2. initWithTarget:self
3. action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
4. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
5. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
6. initWithTarget:self
7. action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
8. [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];

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[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
2. {
3. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
4. recognizer.rotation = 0;
5. }
6. - (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
7. {
8. recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
9. recognizer.rotation = 0;
10. }

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添加了这几个手势后，运行看效果，程序中的imageView放了一个

/^\/^\
_|__| O|
\/ /~ \_/ \
\____|__________/ \
\_______ \
`\ \ \
| | \
/ / \
/ / \\
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / _----_ \ \
/ / _-~ ~-_ | |
( ( _-~ _--_ ~-_ _/ |
\ ~-____-~ _-~ ~-_ ~-_-~ /
~-_ _-~ ~-_ _-~ 
~--______-~ ~-___-~

的图片，在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题，估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了，所以操作无效果。

建议在真机上运行这个手势。

在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧：

可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点，按住alt键，按下触摸板(不按下不行)，这样就可以旋转和缩放了。

6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势

记住：一个手势只能添加到一个View，两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void)viewDidLoad
2. {
3. [super viewDidLoad];
4. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
5. UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
6. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
7. dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
8. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
9. [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];
10. for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
11. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
12. initWithTarget:self
13. action:@selector(handlePan:)];
14. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
15. initWithTarget:self
16. action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
17. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
18. initWithTarget:self
19. action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
20. [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
21. [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
22. [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
23. [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
24. }
25. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
26. }
27. - (void)viewDidLoad
28. {
29. [super viewDidLoad];
30. UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
31. UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
32. snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
33. dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
34. [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
35. [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];
36. for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
37. UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
38. initWithTarget:self
39. action:@selector(handlePan:)];
40. UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
41. initWithTarget:self
42. action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
43. UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
44. initWithTarget:self
45. action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
46. [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
47. [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
48. [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
49. [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
50. }
51. [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
52. }

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多添加了一条龙的view，两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下：

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7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)

如何实现呢？

• 监视手势是否结束
• 监视触摸的速度

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
2. {
3. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
4. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
5. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
6. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
7. if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
8. CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
9. CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
10. CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
11. NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);
12. float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
13. CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
14. recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
15. finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
16. finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);
17. [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
18. recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
19. } completion:nil];
20. }
21. - (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
22. {
23. CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
24. recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
25. recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
26. [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
27. if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
28. CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
29. CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
30. CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
31. NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);
32. float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
33. CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
34. recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
35. finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
36. finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);
37. [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
38. recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
39. } completion:nil];
40. }

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代码实现解析：

• 计算速度向量的长度（估计大部分都忘了）这些知识了。
• 如果速度向量小于200，那就会得到一个小于的小数，那么滑行会很短
• 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
• 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
• 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点

运行后，快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。

8、同时触发两个view的手势

手势之间是互斥的，如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view，那么需要实现协议

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate，

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
2. @end
3. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
4. @end

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并在协议这个方法里返回YES。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. -(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
2. {
3. return YES;
4. }
5. -(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
6. {
7. return YES;
8. }

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把self作为代理设置给手势：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
2. pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
3. rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
4. panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
5. pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
6. rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;

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这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。

9、tap点击手势

这里为了方便看到tap的效果，当点击一下屏幕时，播放一个声音。

为了播放声音，我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
2. NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
3. NSError * error;
4. AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
5. if (!player) {
6. NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
7. } else {
8. [player prepareToPlay];
9. }
10. return player;
11. }
12. - (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
13. NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
14. NSError * error;
15. AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
16. if (!player) {
17. NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
18. } else {
19. [player prepareToPlay];
20. }
21. return player;
22. }

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我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码，添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
2. #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
3. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
4. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
5. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;
6. @end
7. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
8. #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
9. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
10. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
11. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;
12. @end

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[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
2. [self.chompPlayer play];
3. }
4. - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
5. [self.chompPlayer play];
6. }

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运行，点一下某个图，就会播放一个咬东西的声音。

不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷，就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢？使用手势的：requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

10、手势的依赖性

在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. [tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
2. [tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];

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意思就是，当如果pan手势失败，就是没发生拖动，才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动，那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。

11、自定义手势

自定义手势继承：UIGestureRecognizer，实现下面的方法：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. – touchesBegan:withEvent:
2. – touchesMoved:withEvent:
3. – touchesEnded:withEvent:
4. - touchesCancelled:withEvent:
5. – touchesBegan:withEvent:
6. – touchesMoved:withEvent:
7. – touchesEnded:withEvent:
8. - touchesCancelled:withEvent:

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新建一个类，继承UIGestureRecognizer，代码如下：

.h文件

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
2. typedef enum {
3. DirectionUnknown = 0,
4. DirectionLeft,
5. DirectionRight
6. } Direction;
7. @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
8. @property (assign) int tickleCount;
9. @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
10. @property (assign) Direction lastDirection;
11. @end
12. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
13. typedef enum {
14. DirectionUnknown = 0,
15. DirectionLeft,
16. DirectionRight
17. } Direction;
18. @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
19. @property (assign) int tickleCount;
20. @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
21. @property (assign) Direction lastDirection;
22. @end

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.m文件

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. #import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
2. #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
3. #define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2
4. #define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25
5. @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer
6. - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
7. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
8. self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];
9. }
10. - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
11. // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
12. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
13. CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];
14. CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
15. Direction curDirection;
16. if (moveAmt < 0) {
17. curDirection = DirectionLeft;
18. } else {
19. curDirection = DirectionRight;
20. }
21. if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;
22. // 确认方向改变了
23. if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
24. (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||
25. (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
26. // 挠痒次数
27. self.tickleCount++;
28. self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
29. self.lastDirection = curDirection;
30. // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态
31. // 这样回调函数会被调用。
32. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
33. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
34. }
35. }
36. }
37. - (void)reset {
38. self.tickleCount = 0;
39. self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
40. self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
41. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
42. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
43. }
44. }
45. - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
46. {
47. [self reset];
48. }
49. - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
50. {
51. [self reset];
52. }
53. @end
54. #import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
55. #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
56. #define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2
57. #define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25
58. @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer
59. - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
60. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
61. self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];
62. }
63. - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
64. // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
65. UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
66. CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];
67. CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
68. Direction curDirection;
69. if (moveAmt < 0) {
70. curDirection = DirectionLeft;
71. } else {
72. curDirection = DirectionRight;
73. }
74. if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;
75. // 确认方向改变了
76. if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
77. (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||
78. (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
79. // 挠痒次数
80. self.tickleCount++;
81. self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
82. self.lastDirection = curDirection;
83. // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态
84. // 这样回调函数会被调用。
85. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
86. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
87. }
88. }
89. }
90. - (void)reset {
91. self.tickleCount = 0;
92. self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
93. self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
94. if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
95. [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
96. }
97. }
98. - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
99. {
100. [self reset];
101. }
102. - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
103. {
104. [self reset];
105. }
106. @end

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调用自定义手势和上面一样，回到这样写：

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

1. - (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{
2. [self.hehePlayer play];
3. }
4. - (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{
5. [self.hehePlayer play];
6. }

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手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。

在真机上运行，按住某个view，快速左右拖动，就会发出笑的声音了。

代码解析：

先获取起始坐标：curTickleStart

通过和ticklePoint的x值对比，得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大，如果太则返回。
再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作，如果是则手势结束，回调。

参考：http://www.raywenderlich.com/656 ... nches-pans-and-more

例子代码：http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010/article/details/8615940

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原文：http://bbs.9ria.com/thread-197251-1-1.html

相关：http://blog.csdn.net/likendsl/article/details/7554150