Windows MDI(Multiple-Document Interface)
Windows多文档窗口编程中，需要注意的以下几点：
1、主窗口与文档窗口之间还有一个Client Window。
2、创建文档窗口。通常认为创建子窗口就用CreateWindow，但是MDI中创建文档窗口时，用的是发送消息的方式。具体的CreateWindow的工作由Client Window来完成。该消息是WM_MDICREATE。
3、主菜单的变化。切换到不同的文档窗口时，主菜单会随文档窗口的类型、内容等变化。文档子窗口是通过处理WM_MDIACTIVATE消息完成的。
4、主窗口默认的消息处理函数不是DefWindowProc，而是DefFrameProc。文档窗口和主窗口一样，默认的消息处理函数也变了，是DefMDIChildProc。它们的原型分别是
LRESULT DefFrameProc(
HWND hWnd,
HWND hWndMDIClient,
UINT uMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam
);
LRESULT DefMDIChildProc(
HWND hWnd,
UINT uMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam
);
<<Windows Programming>>第19章源码如下：
MDIDEMO.H
/*-----------------------
MDIDEMO.H header file
-----------------------*/ #define EXPORT __declspec (dllexport) #define INIT_MENU_POS 0
#define HELLO_MENU_POS 2
#define RECT_MENU_POS 1 #define IDM_NEWHELLO 10
#define IDM_NEWRECT 11
#define IDM_CLOSE 12
#define IDM_EXIT 13 #define IDM_BLACK 20
#define IDM_RED 21
#define IDM_GREEN 22
#define IDM_BLUE 23
#define IDM_WHITE 24 #define IDM_TILE 30
#define IDM_CASCADE 31
#define IDM_ARRANGE 32
#define IDM_CLOSEALL 33 #define IDM_FIRSTCHILD 100
MDIDEMO.C
/*--------------------------------------------------------
MDIDEMO.C -- Multiple Document Interface Demonstration
(c) Charles Petzold, 1996
--------------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "mdidemo.h" LRESULT CALLBACK FrameWndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
BOOL CALLBACK CloseEnumProc (HWND, LPARAM) ;
LRESULT CALLBACK HelloWndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
LRESULT CALLBACK RectWndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; // structure for storing data unique to each Hello child window
typedef struct tagHELLODATA{
UINT iColor ;
COLORREF clrText ;
}HELLODATA, *LPHELLODATA ; // structure for storing data unique to each Rect child window
typedef struct tagRECTDATA{
short cxClient ;
short cyClient ;
}RECTDATA, *LPRECTDATA ; // global variables
char szFrameClass[] = "MdiFrame" ;
char szHelloClass[] = "MdiHelloChild" ;
char szRectClass[] = "MdiRectChild" ;
HINSTANCE hInst ;
HMENU hMenuInit, hMenuHello, hMenuRect ;
HMENU hMenuInitWindow, hMenuHelloWindow, hMenuRectWindow ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
HACCEL hAccel ;
HWND hwndFrame, hwndClient ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASSEX wndclass ; hInst = hInstance ; if (!hPrevInstance)
{
// Register the frame window class
wndclass.cbSize = sizeof (wndclass) ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = FrameWndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_APPWORKSPACE + ) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szFrameClass ;
wndclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; RegisterClassEx (&wndclass) ; // Register the Hello child window class
wndclass.cbSize = sizeof (wndclass) ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = HelloWndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = sizeof (HANDLE) ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szHelloClass ;
wndclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; RegisterClassEx (&wndclass) ; // Register the Rect child window class
wndclass.cbSize = sizeof (wndclass) ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = RectWndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = sizeof (HANDLE) ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szRectClass ;
wndclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; RegisterClassEx (&wndclass) ;
}
// Obtain handles to three possible menus & submenus
hMenuInit = LoadMenu (hInst, "MdiMenuInit") ;
hMenuHello = LoadMenu (hInst, "MdiMenuHello") ;
hMenuRect = LoadMenu (hInst, "MdiMenuRect") ; hMenuInitWindow = GetSubMenu (hMenuInit, INIT_MENU_POS) ;
hMenuHelloWindow = GetSubMenu (hMenuHello, HELLO_MENU_POS) ;
hMenuRectWindow = GetSubMenu (hMenuRect, RECT_MENU_POS) ; // Load accelerator table
hAccel = LoadAccelerators (hInst, "MdiAccel") ; // Create the frame window
hwndFrame = CreateWindow (szFrameClass, "MDI Demonstration",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CLIPCHILDREN,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, hMenuInit, hInstance, NULL) ; hwndClient = GetWindow (hwndFrame, GW_CHILD) ; ShowWindow (hwndFrame, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwndFrame) ; // Enter the modified message loop
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, , ))
{
if (!TranslateMDISysAccel (hwndClient, &msg) &&
!TranslateAccelerator (hwndFrame, hAccel, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
}
// Clean up by deleting unattached menus
DestroyMenu (hMenuHello) ;
DestroyMenu (hMenuRect) ; return msg.wParam ;
} LRESULT CALLBACK FrameWndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT iMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndClient ;
CLIENTCREATESTRUCT clientcreate ;
HWND hwndChild ;
MDICREATESTRUCT mdicreate ; switch (iMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE : // Create the client window
clientcreate.hWindowMenu = hMenuInitWindow ;
clientcreate.idFirstChild = IDM_FIRSTCHILD ;
hwndClient = CreateWindow ("MDICLIENT", NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_VISIBLE,
, , , , hwnd, (HMENU) , hInst,
(LPSTR) &clientcreate) ;
return ; case WM_COMMAND :
switch (wParam)
{
case IDM_NEWHELLO : // Create a Hello child window
mdicreate.szClass = szHelloClass ;
mdicreate.szTitle = "Hello" ;
mdicreate.hOwner = hInst ;
mdicreate.x = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.y = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.cx = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.cy = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.style = ;
mdicreate.lParam = ; hwndChild = (HWND) SendMessage (hwndClient,
WM_MDICREATE, ,
(LPARAM) (LPMDICREATESTRUCT) &mdicreate) ;
return ; case IDM_NEWRECT : // Create a Rect child window
mdicreate.szClass = szRectClass ;
mdicreate.szTitle = "Rectangles" ;
mdicreate.hOwner = hInst ;
mdicreate.x = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.y = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.cx = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.cy = CW_USEDEFAULT ;
mdicreate.style = ;
mdicreate.lParam = ; hwndChild = (HWND) SendMessage (hwndClient,
WM_MDICREATE, ,
(LPARAM) (LPMDICREATESTRUCT) &mdicreate) ;
return ; case IDM_CLOSE : // Close the active window
hwndChild = (HWND) SendMessage (hwndClient,
WM_MDIGETACTIVE, , ) ; if (SendMessage (hwndChild, WM_QUERYENDSESSION, , ))
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDIDESTROY,
(WPARAM) hwndChild, ) ;
return ; case IDM_EXIT : // Exit the program
SendMessage (hwnd, WM_CLOSE, , ) ;
return ; // messages for arranging windows
case IDM_TILE :
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDITILE, , ) ;
return ; case IDM_CASCADE :
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDICASCADE, , ) ;
return ; case IDM_ARRANGE :
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDIICONARRANGE, , ) ;
return ; case IDM_CLOSEALL : // Attempt to close all children
EnumChildWindows (hwndClient, &CloseEnumProc, ) ;
return ; default : // Pass to active child...
hwndChild = (HWND) SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDIGETACTIVE, , );
if (IsWindow (hwndChild))
SendMessage (hwndChild, WM_COMMAND, wParam, lParam) ; break ; // ...and then to DefFrameProc
}
break ; case WM_QUERYENDSESSION :
case WM_CLOSE : // Attempt to close all children
SendMessage (hwnd, WM_COMMAND, IDM_CLOSEALL, ) ; if (NULL != GetWindow (hwndClient, GW_CHILD))
return ; break ; // I.e., call DefFrameProc case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage () ;
return ;
}
// Pass unprocessed messages to DefFrameProc (not DefWindowProc)
return DefFrameProc (hwnd, hwndClient, iMsg, wParam, lParam) ;
} BOOL CALLBACK CloseEnumProc (HWND hwnd, LPARAM lParam)
{
if (GetWindow (hwnd, GW_OWNER)) // Check for icon title
return ; SendMessage (GetParent (hwnd), WM_MDIRESTORE, (WPARAM) hwnd, ) ; if (!SendMessage (hwnd, WM_QUERYENDSESSION, , ))
return ; SendMessage (GetParent (hwnd), WM_MDIDESTROY, (WPARAM) hwnd, ) ;
return ;
} LRESULT CALLBACK HelloWndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT iMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static COLORREF clrTextArray[] = { RGB (, , ),
RGB (, , ),
RGB (, , ),
RGB ( , , ),
RGB (, , ) } ;
static HWND hwndClient, hwndFrame ;
HDC hdc ;
HMENU hMenu ;
LPHELLODATA lpHelloData ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
RECT rect ; switch (iMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE :
// Allocate memory for window private data
lpHelloData = (LPHELLODATA) HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
sizeof (HELLODATA)) ;
lpHelloData->iColor = IDM_BLACK ;
lpHelloData->clrText = RGB (, , ) ;
SetWindowLong (hwnd, , (long) lpHelloData) ; // Save some window handles
hwndClient = GetParent (hwnd) ;
hwndFrame = GetParent (hwndClient) ;
return ; case WM_COMMAND :
switch (wParam)
{
case IDM_BLACK :
case IDM_RED :
case IDM_GREEN :
case IDM_BLUE :
case IDM_WHITE :
// Change the text color
lpHelloData = (LPHELLODATA) GetWindowLong (hwnd, ) ; hMenu = GetMenu (hwndFrame) ; CheckMenuItem (hMenu, lpHelloData->iColor,
MF_UNCHECKED) ;
lpHelloData->iColor = wParam ;
CheckMenuItem (hMenu, lpHelloData->iColor,
MF_CHECKED) ; lpHelloData->clrText =
clrTextArray[wParam - IDM_BLACK] ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, FALSE) ;
}
return ; case WM_PAINT :
// Paint the window
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; lpHelloData = (LPHELLODATA) GetWindowLong (hwnd, ) ;
SetTextColor (hdc, lpHelloData->clrText) ; GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ; DrawText (hdc, "Hello, World!", -, &rect,
DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER) ; EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return ; case WM_MDIACTIVATE :
// Set the Hello menu if gaining focus
if (lParam == (LPARAM) hwnd)
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDISETMENU,
(WPARAM) hMenuHello, (LPARAM) hMenuHelloWindow) ; // Check or uncheck menu item
lpHelloData = (LPHELLODATA) GetWindowLong (hwnd, ) ;
CheckMenuItem (hMenuHello, lpHelloData->iColor,
(lParam == (LPARAM) hwnd) ? MF_CHECKED : MF_UNCHECKED) ; // Set the Init menu if losing focus
if (lParam != (LPARAM) hwnd)
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDISETMENU, (WPARAM) hMenuInit,
(LPARAM) hMenuInitWindow) ; DrawMenuBar (hwndFrame) ;
return ; case WM_QUERYENDSESSION :
case WM_CLOSE :
if (IDOK != MessageBox (hwnd, "OK to close window?", "Hello",
MB_ICONQUESTION | MB_OKCANCEL))
return ; break ; // I.e., call DefMDIChildProc case WM_DESTROY :
lpHelloData = (LPHELLODATA) GetWindowLong (hwnd, ) ;
HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), , lpHelloData) ;
return ;
}
// Pass unprocessed message to DefMDIChildProc
return DefMDIChildProc (hwnd, iMsg, wParam, lParam) ;
} LRESULT CALLBACK RectWndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT iMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndClient, hwndFrame ;
HBRUSH hBrush ;
HDC hdc ;
LPRECTDATA lpRectData ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
int xLeft, xRight, yTop, yBottom ;
short nRed, nGreen, nBlue ; switch (iMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE :
// Allocate memory for window private data lpRectData = (LPRECTDATA) HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
sizeof (RECTDATA)) ; SetWindowLong (hwnd, , (long) lpRectData) ; // Start the timer going SetTimer (hwnd, , , NULL) ; // Save some window handles hwndClient = GetParent (hwnd) ;
hwndFrame = GetParent (hwndClient) ;
return ; case WM_SIZE : // If not minimized, save the window size if (wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
{
lpRectData = (LPRECTDATA) GetWindowLong (hwnd, ) ; lpRectData->cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
lpRectData->cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
} break ; // WM_SIZE must be processed by DefMDIChildProc case WM_TIMER : // Display a random rectangle lpRectData = (LPRECTDATA) GetWindowLong (hwnd, ) ; xLeft = rand () % lpRectData->cxClient ;
xRight = rand () % lpRectData->cxClient ;
yTop = rand () % lpRectData->cyClient ;
yBottom = rand () % lpRectData->cyClient ;
nRed = rand () & ;
nGreen = rand () & ;
nBlue = rand () & ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
hBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (nRed, nGreen, nBlue)) ;
SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ; Rectangle (hdc, min (xLeft, xRight), min (yTop, yBottom),
max (xLeft, xRight), max (yTop, yBottom)) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
DeleteObject (hBrush) ;
return ; case WM_PAINT : // Clear the window InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return ; case WM_MDIACTIVATE : // Set the appropriate menu
if (lParam == (LPARAM) hwnd)
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDISETMENU, (WPARAM) hMenuRect,
(LPARAM) hMenuRectWindow) ;
else
SendMessage (hwndClient, WM_MDISETMENU, (WPARAM) hMenuInit,
(LPARAM) hMenuInitWindow) ; DrawMenuBar (hwndFrame) ;
return ; case WM_DESTROY :
lpRectData = (LPRECTDATA) GetWindowLong (hwnd, ) ;
HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), , lpRectData) ;
KillTimer (hwnd, ) ;
return ;
}
// Pass unprocessed message to DefMDIChildProc
return DefMDIChildProc (hwnd, iMsg, wParam, lParam) ;
}
MDIDEMO.RC
/*----------------------------
MDIDEMO.RC resource script
----------------------------*/ #include <windows.h>
#include "mdidemo.h" MdiMenuInit MENU
{
POPUP "&File"
{
MENUITEM "New &Hello", IDM_NEWHELLO
MENUITEM "New &Rectangles", IDM_NEWRECT
MENUITEM SEPARATOR
MENUITEM "E&xit", IDM_EXIT
}
} MdiMenuHello MENU
{
POPUP "&File"
{
MENUITEM "New &Hello", IDM_NEWHELLO
MENUITEM "New &Rectangles", IDM_NEWRECT
MENUITEM "&Close", IDM_CLOSE
MENUITEM SEPARATOR
MENUITEM "E&xit", IDM_EXIT
}
POPUP "&Color"
{
MENUITEM "&Black", IDM_BLACK
MENUITEM "&Red", IDM_RED
MENUITEM "&Green", IDM_GREEN
MENUITEM "B&lue", IDM_BLUE
MENUITEM "&White", IDM_WHITE
}
POPUP "&Window"
{
MENUITEM "&Cascade\tShift+F5", IDM_CASCADE
MENUITEM "&Tile\tShift+F4", IDM_TILE
MENUITEM "Arrange &Icons", IDM_ARRANGE
MENUITEM "Close &All", IDM_CLOSEALL
}
} MdiMenuRect MENU
{
POPUP "&File"
{
MENUITEM "New &Hello", IDM_NEWHELLO
MENUITEM "New &Rectangles", IDM_NEWRECT
MENUITEM "&Close", IDM_CLOSE
MENUITEM SEPARATOR
MENUITEM "E&xit", IDM_EXIT
}
POPUP "&Window"
{
MENUITEM "&Cascade\tShift+F5", IDM_CASCADE
MENUITEM "&Tile\tShift+F4", IDM_TILE
MENUITEM "Arrange &Icons", IDM_ARRANGE
MENUITEM "Close &All", IDM_CLOSEALL
}
} MdiAccel ACCELERATORS
{
VK_F5, IDM_CASCADE, VIRTKEY, SHIFT
VK_F4, IDM_TILE, VIRTKEY, SHIFT
}
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