centos7编译linux的内核源码

昨天编译了一个linux 内核源码，遇到一些问题， 今天把我遇到的问题和解决方法分享给大家。希望可以帮助到需要的人。

1.检查是否安装了相应的包

我第一次编译的时候只安装的“Development Tools” 包，”Compatibility Libraries“和”Development and Creative Workstation“没有安装

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groups list　　                     #查看包组列表
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done

2.下载源码从https://www.kernel.org/网站下载需要编译的内核。

这里直接使用wget命令进行下载

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /root　　                                                             #切换到root目录
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/testing/linux-4.7-rc7.tar.xz　　 #使用wget下载文件，这里下载的我下载的不是一个稳定版本的
--2016-07-11 09:59:34--  https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/testing/linux-4.7-rc7.tar.xz
Resolving cdn.kernel.org (cdn.kernel.org)... 151.101.88.69
Connecting to cdn.kernel.org (cdn.kernel.org)|151.101.88.69|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 90401360 (86M) [application/x-xz]
Saving to: ‘linux-4.7-rc7.tar.xz’

100%[===================================================================================>] 90,401,360   392KB/s   in 6m 35s 

2016-07-11 10:06:10 (223 KB/s) - ‘linux-4.7-rc7.tar.xz’ saved [90401360/90401360]

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l | grep linux　　　　                                                          #查看下载的文件
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 90401360 Jul 10 23:41 linux-4.7-rc7.tar.xz

3.解压文件和创建符号链接文件

tar -xf linux-4.7-rc7.tar.xz  -C /usr/src/　　                                                          #解压缩到指定目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Music     Public     Videos
Desktop          Downloads  linux-4.7-rc7.tar.xz  Pictures  Templates
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/　　                                                                    #进入文件目录
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug  kernels  linux-4.7-rc7
[root@localhost src]# ln -sv linux-4.7-rc7/ linux　　                                                   #创建符号链接
‘linux’ -> ‘linux-4.7-rc7/’
[root@localhost src]# ls　　　　　　                                                                      #查看
debug  kernels  linux  linux-4.7-rc7

4.创建.config文件

[root@localhost linux]# ls
arch   COPYING  Documentation  fs       ipc      kernel  MAINTAINERS  net             samples   sound  virt
block  CREDITS  drivers        include  Kbuild   lib     Makefile     README          scripts   tools
certs  crypto   firmware       init     Kconfig  linux   mm           REPORTING-BUGS  security  usr
[root@localhost linux]# make menuconfig                                                                 #启动配置
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/mconf.o
In file included from scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:23:0:
scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/dialog.h:38:20: fatal error: curses.h: No such file or directory
 #include CURSES_LOC
                    ^
compilation terminated.
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/mconf.o] Error 1
make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2

这里报错误了。 提示curses.h 这个文件找不到。

[root@localhost linux]# yum search curses　　　　                                          #从yum源查找curses相关的包 ， 配置本地yum源看我上篇博客。
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
==================================================== N/S matched: curses ====================================================
ncurses.x86_64 : Ncurses support utilities
ncurses-devel.i686 : Development files for the ncurses library
ncurses-devel.x86_64 : Development files for the ncurses library
ncurses-libs.i686 : Ncurses libraries
ncurses-libs.x86_64 : Ncurses libraries
ncurses-static.i686 : Static libraries for the ncurses library
ncurses-static.x86_64 : Static libraries for the ncurses library
ocaml-curses.x86_64 : OCaml bindings for ncurses
ocaml-curses-devel.x86_64 : Development files for ocaml-curses
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 : NetworkManager curses-based UI
ncurses-base.noarch : Descriptions of common terminals
ncurses-term.noarch : Terminal descriptions

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@localhost linux]# yum install ncurses　　　　                                           #安装ncurses
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package ncurses-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost linux]# yum install ncurses-devel　　                                        #安装ncurses-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================
 Package                       Arch                   Version                               Repository                  Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ncurses-devel                 x86_64                 5.9-13.20130511.el7                   localcdrom                 713 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 713 k
Installed size: 2.1 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64                                                                  1/1
  Verifying  : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64                                                                  1/1 

Installed:
  ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7                                                                                 

Complete!

再次make menuconfig这个命令后，会出现如下的字符界面，我们就可以在这个界面上对内核进行配置。我们这里是第二次使用make menuconfig了，需要先运行：make mrproper来清除以前的配置，回到默认配置，然后再运行：make menuconfig生成.config文件 通过这个工具可以设置内核配置参数。

关于选择这个地方需要说明下。

• [*]：编译到内核文件中去，也就是类似这个vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64文件中去。
• [m]： 编译到模块文件中去，也就是放到类似这个/lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/目录中去。

5.执行make 命令

[root@localhost linux]# make
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
scripts/kconfig/conf  --silentoldconfig Kconfig
  SYSTBL  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/asm/syscalls_32.h
  SYSHDR  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/asm/unistd_32_ia32.h
  SYSHDR  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/asm/unistd_64_x32.h
  SYSTBL  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h
  HYPERCALLS arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/asm/xen-hypercalls.h
  SYSHDR  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/uapi/asm/unistd_32.h
  SYSHDR  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/uapi/asm/unistd_64.h
  SYSHDR  arch/x86/entry/syscalls/../../include/generated/uapi/asm/unistd_x32.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/bin2c
  HOSTCC  arch/x86/tools/relocs_32.o
  HOSTCC  arch/x86/tools/relocs_64.o
  HOSTCC  arch/x86/tools/relocs_common.o
  HOSTLD  arch/x86/tools/relocs
  CHK     include/config/kernel.release
  UPD     include/config/kernel.release
  WRAP    arch/x86/include/generated/asm/clkdev.h
  WRAP    arch/x86/include/generated/asm/cputime.h
  WRAP    arch/x86/include/generated/asm/dma-contiguous.h
  WRAP    arch/x86/include/generated/asm/early_ioremap.h
  WRAP    arch/x86/include/generated/asm/mcs_spinlock.h
  WRAP    arch/x86/include/generated/asm/mm-arch-hooks.h
  CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
  UPD     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
  CHK     include/generated/utsrelease.h
  UPD     include/generated/utsrelease.h
  CC      arch/x86/purgatory/purgatory.o
  AS      arch/x86/purgatory/stack.o
  AS      arch/x86/purgatory/setup-x86_64.o
  CC      arch/x86/purgatory/sha256.o
  AS      arch/x86/purgatory/entry64.o
  CC      arch/x86/purgatory/string.o
  LD      arch/x86/purgatory/purgatory.ro
  BIN2C   arch/x86/purgatory/kexec-purgatory.c
  CC      kernel/bounds.s
  CHK     include/generated/bounds.h
  UPD     include/generated/bounds.h
  CHK     include/generated/timeconst.h
  UPD     include/generated/timeconst.h
  CC      arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.s
  CHK     include/generated/asm-offsets.h
  UPD     include/generated/asm-offsets.h
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  HOSTCC  scripts/genksyms/genksyms.o
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/parse.tab.c
  HOSTCC  scripts/genksyms/parse.tab.o
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/lex.lex.c
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/keywords.hash.c
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/parse.tab.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/genksyms/lex.lex.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/genksyms/genksyms
  CC      scripts/mod/empty.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/mk_elfconfig
  MKELF   scripts/mod/elfconfig.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/modpost.o
  CC      scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.s
  GEN     scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/file2alias.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/sumversion.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/mod/modpost
  HOSTCC  scripts/selinux/genheaders/genheaders
  HOSTCC  scripts/selinux/mdp/mdp
  HOSTCC  scripts/kallsyms
  HOSTCC  scripts/pnmtologo
  HOSTCC  scripts/conmakehash
  HOSTCC  scripts/recordmcount
  HOSTCC  scripts/sortextable
  HOSTCC  scripts/asn1_compiler
  HOSTCC  scripts/sign-file
scripts/sign-file.c:25:30: fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory
 #include <openssl/opensslv.h>
                              ^

上面的报错了， 才发现原来的编译环境的包没有安装好。

执行下面命令安装包

[root@localhost linux]# yum groups list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done
[root@localhost linux]#yum groups  install  "Development and Creative Workstation" "Compatibility Libraries" -y 

这里可以仅仅安装openssl相关的基础包和开发包即可的，但是为了后续其他的编译安装，我就直接安装了"Compatibility Libraries"包。

6.执行 make clean 和make

[root@localhost linux]# make clean                                             # 清空错误的编译环境
  CLEAN   .
  CLEAN   arch/x86/purgatory
  CLEAN   arch/x86/tools
  CLEAN   .tmp_versions
[root@localhost linux]# make 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　# 再次编译 ，这里可以指定并行度的，如果你有4个cpu，可以执行如下命令 make -j 4 来加速编译进度。

7. 执行 make modules_install

8. 执行make install

[root@localhost linux]# make modules_install
[root@localhost linux]# make install 

9.重新电脑选择新编译好的linux

10 卸载新内核

• 删除/lib/modules目录下对应版本的库文件
• 删除/usr/src/linux目录下的源码和压缩文件
• 删除/boot/启动的内核和内核镜像文件
• 删除grub.conf配置文件新内核对应的条目