基于ubuntu14.04 干净的系统一步步遇到的坑记录下来；

怀着平静学习的心情，问题总的能解决的！

1. 首先看了下当前python版本

  1. python --version
  2. Python 2.7.6

2. 安装pip

　　先更新源

  1. 　sudo apt-get update
  2.  
  3. 　sudo apt-get upgrade

　　安装pip

　　

  1.  sudo apt-get install python-pip

　　查看pip 版本

  1. 　　pip -V
  2. 　　pip 1.5.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)

3.  尝试安装tensorflow，本以为安装就这么简单完成了：

  1. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install tensorflow
  2. Downloading/unpacking tensorflow
  3.   Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement tensorflow
  4. Cleaning up...
  5. No distributions at all found for tensorflow
  6. Storing debug log for failure in /home/tyler/.pip/pip.log

现在开始报错了

　(1). 首先怀疑的是pip版本太低，想先升级pip版本

  1. 　　tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install pip -U
  2. Downloading/unpacking pip from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl#sha256=bd812612bbd8ba84159d9ddc0266b7fbce712fc9bc98c82dee5750546ec8ec64
  3.   Downloading pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB): 1.4MB downloaded
  4. Installing collected packages: pip
  5.   Found existing installation: pip 1.5.4
  6.     Not uninstalling pip at /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, owned by OS
  7.   Can't roll back pip; was not uninstalled
  8. Cleaning up...
  9. Exception:
  10. Traceback (most recent call last):
  11.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
  12.     status = self.run(options, args)
  13.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
  14.     requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  15.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1436, in install
  16.     requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  17.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 672, in install
  18.     self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  19.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 902, in move_wheel_files
  20.     pycompile=self.pycompile,
  21.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 206, in move_wheel_files
  22.     clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  23.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 193, in clobber
  24.     os.makedirs(destsubdir)
  25.   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
  26.     mkdir(name, mode)
  27. OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip'
  28.  
  29. Storing debug log for failure in /home/tyler/.pip/pip.log

　　没办法，只能换种方法升级pip，各种google,百度,找到下面这种方法升级成功

　　下载这个py脚本

  1. wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py  --no-check-certificate

　　然后执行

  1. sudo python get-pip.py
  2.  
  3. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo python get-pip.py
  4. DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, . Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
  5. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  6. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  7. Collecting pip
  8. /tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  9. /tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  10. /tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  11.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
  12.     % |████████████████████████████████| .4MB .0MB/s
  13. Installing collected packages: pip
  14.   Found existing installation: pip 1.5.
  15.     Uninstalling pip-1.5.:
  16.       Successfully uninstalled pip-1.5.
  17. Successfully installed pip-19.0.

这样就安装成功了pip新版本

  1. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip -V
  2. pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)

(2). 继续尝试安装tensorfolw,还是报错

  1. sudo pip install tensorflow
  2.  
  3. markdown 3.1 has requirement setuptools>=, but you'll have setuptools 3.3 which is incompatible.
  4. Installing collected packages: numpy, six, enum34, futures, grpcio, h5py, keras-applications, markdown, werkzeug, protobuf, absl-py, tensorboard, termcolor, gast, funcsigs, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, backports.weakref, astor, keras-preprocessing, tensorflow
  5.   Found existing installation: six 1.5.
  6. Cannot uninstall 'six'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

然后发现我们本地还有python3 版本

  1. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ python3 -V
  2. Python 3.4.

想着把python也用新版本

为了保险起见，我把之前用python2.7安装的pip卸载了

  1. sudo apt-get remove python-pip
  2. Reading package lists... Done
  3. Building dependency tree
  4. Reading state information... Done
  5. The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  6.   libdbusmenu-gtk4 libqpdf13 python-chardet-whl python-colorama
  7.   python-colorama-whl python-distlib python-distlib-whl python-html5lib
  8.   python-html5lib-whl python-pip-whl python-requests-whl python-setuptools-whl
  9.   python-six-whl python-urllib3-whl python-wheel
  10. Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
  11. The following packages will be REMOVED:
  12.   python-pip
  13.  upgraded,  newly installed,  to remove and  not upgraded.
  14. After this operation,  kB disk space will be freed.
  15. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
  16. (Reading database ...  files and directories currently installed.)
  17. Removing python-pip (1.5.-1ubuntu4) ...

但是我发现我卸载的好像是1.5.4版本，可能这个尝试是多余。。

不管三七二十一了，用python3继续安装

  1. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo python3 get-pip.py
  2. DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
  3. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  4. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  5. Collecting pip
  6.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
  7.     100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 10.6MB/s
  8. Collecting setuptools
  9.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/6a/4b2fcefd2ea0868810e92d519dacac1ddc64a2e53ba9e3422c3b62b378a6/setuptools-40.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (575kB)
  10.     100% |████████████████████████████████| 583kB 12.5MB/s
  11. Collecting wheel
  12.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/ba/a4702cbb6a3a485239fbe9525443446203f00771af9ac000fa3ef2788201/wheel-0.33.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  13. Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools, wheel
  14. Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0 wheel-0.33.1

也提示安装成功了

现在多了一个pip3，用pip3安装试试

  1. sudo pip3 install tensorflow
  2.  
  3. DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
  4. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  5. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  6. Collecting tensorflow
  7.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/37/f0/7b2fd5c7cddb3f7f11e7859850f543e19009761cdb965ed8bd98f66d60fd/tensorflow-1.13.1-cp34-cp34m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (93.2MB)
  8.     % |████████▎                       | .1MB 91kB/s eta ::37Exception:
  9. Traceback (most recent call last):
  10.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in _error_catcher
  11.     yield
  12.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in read
  13.     data = self._fp.read(amt)
  14.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line , in read
  15.     data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  16.   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line , in read
  17.     return super(HTTPResponse, self).read(amt)
  18.   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line , in readinto
  19.     n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  20.   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/socket.py", line , in readinto
  21.     return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  22.   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line , in recv_into
  23.     return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  24.   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line , in read
  25.     v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
  26. socket.timeout: The read operation timed out
  27.  
  28. During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
  29.  
  30. Traceback (most recent call last):
  31.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line , in main
  32.     status = self.run(options, args)
  33.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line , in run
  34.     resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  35.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line , in resolve
  36.     self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  37.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line , in _resolve_one
  38.     abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  39.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line , in _get_abstract_dist_for
  40.     self.require_hashes
  41.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line , in prepare_linked_requirement
  42.     progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  43.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in unpack_url
  44.     progress_bar=progress_bar
  45.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in unpack_http_url
  46.     progress_bar)
  47.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in _download_http_url
  48.     _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  49.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in _download_url
  50.     hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  51.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py", line , in check_against_chunks
  52.     for chunk in chunks:
  53.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in written_chunks
  54.     for chunk in chunks:
  55.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/ui.py", line , in iter
  56.     for x in it:
  57.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in resp_read
  58.     decode_content=False):
  59.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in stream
  60.     data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  61.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in read
  62.     raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  63.   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/contextlib.py", line , in __exit__
  64.     self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  65.   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in _error_catcher
  66.     raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
  67. pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=): Read timed out.

这个错误是网络不稳定导致的，再次执行结果还是报错：

  1. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo pip3 install tensorflow
  2.  
  3. Installing collected packages: six, protobuf, astor, numpy, keras-preprocessing, termcolor, markdown, grpcio, absl-py, werkzeug, tensorboard, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, h5py, keras-applications, gast, tensorflow
  4.   Found existing installation: six 1.5.
  5. Cannot uninstall 'six'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

好像是six模块的问题，需要更新安装

然后执行：

  1. sudo pip install six --upgrade --target="/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/"
  2.  
  3. DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
  4. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  5. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  6. Collecting six
  7.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  8. Installing collected packages: six
  9. Successfully installed six-1.12.

成功更新了six

继续尝试安装tensorflow,果然没让我失望，还是报错

  1. sudo pip3 install tensorflow
  2.  
  3. File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in build_sources
  4.         self.build_extension_sources(ext)
  5.       File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in build_extension_sources
  6.         sources = self.generate_sources(sources, ext)
  7.       File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in generate_sources
  8.         source = func(extension, build_dir)
  9.       File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in generate_config_h
  10.         moredefs, ignored = cocache.check_types(config_cmd, ext, build_dir)
  11.       File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
  12.         out = check_types(*a, **kw)
  13.       File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
  14.         "install {0}-dev|{0}-devel.".format(python))
  15.     SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel.
  16.  
  17.     ----------------------------------------
  18. Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-bie5c7mf/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code  in /tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/

看着像是numpy模块问题，尝试更新numpy模块，然后又来一堆错误

  1. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install numpy
  2.  
  3.       File "/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in build_extension_sources
  4.         sources = self.generate_sources(sources, ext)
  5.       File "/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in generate_sources
  6.         source = func(extension, build_dir)
  7.       File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in generate_config_h
  8.         moredefs, ignored = cocache.check_types(config_cmd, ext, build_dir)
  9.       File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
  10.         out = check_types(*a, **kw)
  11.       File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
  12.         "install {0}-dev|{0}-devel.".format(python))
  13.     SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel.
  14.  
  15.     ----------------------------------------
  16. Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-571bsgcn/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code  in /tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/

看提示可能是需要安装 python-dev

那就安装呗，sudo apt-get install python-dev

安装成功了python-dev

回来继续安装numpy

结果，还是和上次一样的报错

思考了下，我现在用的pip3，对应的python也是python3了，应该要安装 sudo apt-get install python3-dev 才对，

安装 python3-dev，

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

安装成功后，继续执行

  1. tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo pip3 install numpy
  2. DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
  3. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  4. The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
  5. Collecting numpy
  6. Installing collected packages: numpy
  7. Successfully installed numpy-1.16.

果然成功了

最后执行：

  1. sudo pip3 install tensorflow
  2.  
  3. Collecting mock>=2.0. (from tensorflow-estimator<1.14.0rc0,>=1.13.->tensorflow)
  4.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/35/f187bdf23be87092bd0f1200d43d23076cee4d0dec109f195173fd3ebc79/mock-2.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
  5.     % |████████████████████████████████| 61kB .2MB/s
  6. Collecting pbr>=0.11 (from mock>=2.0.->tensorflow-estimator<1.14.0rc0,>=1.13.->tensorflow)
  7.   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/09/12fe9a14237a6b7e0ba3a8d6fcf254bf4b10ec56a0185f73d651145e9222/pbr-5.1.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (107kB)
  8.     % |████████████████████████████████| 112kB .6MB/s
  9. Installing collected packages: keras-preprocessing, werkzeug, absl-py, protobuf, grpcio, markdown, tensorboard, termcolor, gast, h5py, keras-applications, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, tensorflow
  10.   Running setup.py install for absl-py ... done
  11.   Running setup.py install for termcolor ... done
  12.   Running setup.py install for gast ... done
  13. Successfully installed absl-py-0.7. gast-0.2. grpcio-1.19. h5py-2.9. keras-applications-1.0. keras-preprocessing-1.0. markdown-3.0. mock-2.0. pbr-5.1. protobuf-3.7. tensorboard-1.13. tensorflow-1.13. tensorflow-estimator-1.13. termcolor-1.1. werkzeug-0.15.

到此安装tensorflow成功。

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