前言：安装hive还是遇见些问题，但还好都解决了，比当初安装配置hadoop-3.2.0容易点。。。。。。

正文：

1、下载并安装hive：
tar -zxvf apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz

2、查看hive安装情况：
[root@hadoop01 hadoop]# cd apache-hive-3.1.2-bin
[root@hadoop01 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]# ls -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root   157 Sep 17 23:30 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 17 23:30 binary-package-licenses
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 17 23:30 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root    34 Sep 17 23:30 examples
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root    68 Sep 17 23:30 hcatalog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    44 Sep 17 23:30 jdbc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 12288 Sep 17 23:30 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20798 Aug 23 05:45 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   230 Aug 23 05:45 NOTICE
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2469 Aug 23 05:47 RELEASE_NOTES.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root    35 Sep 17 23:30 scripts
[root@hadoop01 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]#

3、配置hive：
进入conf文件夹找到hive-site.xml，并添加内容
[root@hadoop01 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]# cd conf
[root@hadoop01 conf]# gedit hive-site.xml
下载mysql-connector-java-8.0.16.jar，并添加到apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/目录下

hive-site.xml需要添加的内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

        <property>

                <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

                <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hahive</value> <!--mysql hive adress-->

        </property>

        <property>

                <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <!--mysql的驱动 mysql8.0以上更改-->

                <value>com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</value>

        </property>

        <property>

                <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name><!--用户名-->

                <value>User</value>

        </property>

        <property>

                <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name><!--密码-->

                <value>User_123456</value>

        </property>

        <property>

                <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>

                <value>false</value>

        </property>

</configuration>

4、配置hive的环境变量path参数：
[root@hadoop01 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]# gedit /home/hadoop/.bash_profile
添加以下内容：

#hive

export HIVE_HOME=/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin

export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

[root@hadoop01 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]# bin/schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema --初始化mysql

5、然后启动hive（需要注意的是启动hive之前要将mysql和hadoop启动不然会报错）：
[root@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.0]# hive --启动hive

第一次启动失败，报错提示如下：

which: no hbase in (/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/sbin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11//bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-ant-1.10.6/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/bin)

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Hive Session ID = c9130295-0ed4-417e-9f08-03b4531b7d56

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SafeModeException: Cannot create directory /tmp/hive. Name node is in safe mode.

The reported blocks 0 needs additional 18 blocks to reach the threshold 0.9990 of total blocks 19.

The number of live datanodes 2 has reached the minimum number 0. Safe mode will be turned off automatically once the thresholds have been reached. NamenodeHostName:hadoop01

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.newSafemodeException(FSNamesystem.java:1469)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkNameNodeSafeMode(FSNamesystem.java:1456)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesystem.java:3214)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameNodeRpcServer.java:1127)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:713)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:524)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:1025)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:876)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:822)

    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

    at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)

    at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1730)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2682)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:651)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.beginStart(SessionState.java:591)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:747)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:683)

    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)

    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)

    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)

Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SafeModeException: Cannot create directory /tmp/hive. Name node is in safe mode.

The reported blocks 0 needs additional 18 blocks to reach the threshold 0.9990 of total blocks 19.

The number of live datanodes 2 has reached the minimum number 0. Safe mode will be turned off automatically once the thresholds have been reached. NamenodeHostName:hadoop01

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.newSafemodeException(FSNamesystem.java:1469)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkNameNodeSafeMode(FSNamesystem.java:1456)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesystem.java:3214)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameNodeRpcServer.java:1127)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:713)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:524)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:1025)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:876)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:822)

    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

    at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)

    at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1730)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2682)

    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)

    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)

    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)

    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException.instantiateException(RemoteException.java:121)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException.unwrapRemoteException(RemoteException.java:88)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.primitiveMkdir(DFSClient.java:2426)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.mkdirs(DFSClient.java:2400)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$27.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1324)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$27.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1321)

    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.mkdirsInternal(DistributedFileSystem.java:1338)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.mkdirs(DistributedFileSystem.java:1313)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Utilities.createDirsWithPermission(Utilities.java:3668)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Utilities.ensurePathIsWritable(Utilities.java:4487)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:760)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:701)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:627)

    ... 9 more

Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SafeModeException): Cannot create directory /tmp/hive. Name node is in safe mode.

The reported blocks 0 needs additional 18 blocks to reach the threshold 0.9990 of total blocks 19.

The number of live datanodes 2 has reached the minimum number 0. Safe mode will be turned off automatically once the thresholds have been reached. NamenodeHostName:hadoop01

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.newSafemodeException(FSNamesystem.java:1469)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkNameNodeSafeMode(FSNamesystem.java:1456)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesystem.java:3214)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameNodeRpcServer.java:1127)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:713)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:524)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:1025)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:876)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:822)

    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

    at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)

    at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1730)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2682)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.getRpcResponse(Client.java:1511)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1457)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1367)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:228)

    at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:116)

    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy28.mkdirs(Unknown Source)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:656)

    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)

    at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:422)

    at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler$Call.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:165)

    at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler$Call.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:157)

    at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler$Call.invokeOnce(RetryInvocationHandler.java:95)

    at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:359)

    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy29.mkdirs(Unknown Source)

    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.primitiveMkdir(DFSClient.java:2424)

    ... 20 more

解决办法：

[root@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.0]# hdfs dfsadmin -safemode leave --第一次启动失败，强制退出hadoop安全模式

Safe mode is OFF

[root@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.0]# hive --再次启动hive

which: no hbase in (/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/sbin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11//bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-ant-1.10.6/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/bin)

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Hive Session ID = 2b24c91b-fc2c-4eaa-9345-cb561938ae19

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true

Hive Session ID = c8dd045f-1481-46db-9f14-c869e5a2b659

Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.

hive> --启动成功

6、在hive上进行测试：

[root@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.0]# hive -e 'create table testDB(id int, name string, age int);' --命令行模式，创建测试表

which: no hbase in (/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/sbin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11//bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-ant-1.10.6/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/bin)

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Hive Session ID = 3b06135e-6dbe-4e6c-bfb7-0f5891d05a82

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true

Hive Session ID = 0880bc91-d322-4cdd-9e75-34287b72762a

OK

Time taken: 1.329 seconds

[root@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.0]# hive -e 'show tables;'  --命令行模式，查询测试表结构

which: no hbase in (/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/sbin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11//bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-ant-1.10.6/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/bin)

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Hive Session ID = cd6ead10-beb3-494e-a194-b056e3597cda

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true

Hive Session ID = 89356bc9-1705-4b8f-ac0c-b37417bd5eb3

OK

testdb

Time taken: 0.843 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

[root@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.0]# hive --进入hive shell模式

which: no hbase in (/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/sbin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11//bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-ant-1.10.6/bin:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/bin)

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Hive Session ID = eb149713-714c-4ecc-8911-09b52a67586d

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true

Hive Session ID = 8715e23f-12e5-4875-8372-e6805c22c765

Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.

hive> show tables; --查询表

OK

testdb

Time taken: 0.557 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

hive>

注：可以按ctrl+c退出hive shell模式

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