linux centos7 安装虚拟Python环境，pyenv安装文档

python多版本控制pyenv安装文档

1.在线安装：

• curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash

[root@enofyw tools]# curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   148  100   148    0     0     20      0  0:00:07  0:00:07 --:--:--    32
100  2454  100  2454    0     0     30      0  0:01:21  0:01:21 --:--:--   709
正克隆到 '/root/.pyenv'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 647, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (647/647), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (490/490), done.
remote: Total 647 (delta 318), reused 246 (delta 66), pack-reused 0
接收对象中: 100% (647/647), 372.99 KiB | 47.00 KiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100% (318/318), done.
正克隆到 '/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-doctor'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 11, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (11/11), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
remote: Total 11 (delta 1), reused 4 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (11/11), done.
正克隆到 '/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-installer'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 16, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (16/16), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (13/13), done.
remote: Total 16 (delta 1), reused 9 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (16/16), done.
正克隆到 '/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-update'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 10, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (10/10), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Total 10 (delta 1), reused 6 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (10/10), done.
正克隆到 '/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 57, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (57/57), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (51/51), done.
remote: Total 57 (delta 11), reused 21 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (57/57), done.
正克隆到 '/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-which-ext'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 10, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (10/10), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Total 10 (delta 1), reused 6 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (10/10), done.

WARNING: seems you still have not added 'pyenv' to the load path.

Load pyenv automatically by adding

the following to ~/.bashrc:

export PATH="/root/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
[root@enofyw tools]#

• 将最后提示的加入到环境变量中。

  vi /etc/profile 或者当前用户的 vi ~/.bashrc

  export PATH="/root/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
  eval "$(pyenv init -)"
  eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
  

  source /etc/profile source ~/.bashrc

• 输入 pyenv -v --查看pyenv版本

  [root@enofyw tools]# pyenv -v
  pyenv 1.2.13
  

• 查看当前python版本

  pyenv versions

• 查看可以安装的python版本

  pyenv install --list

• 查看当前使用的python版本

  pyenv version

• 安装python版本

  pyenv install -v3.6.5

• 离线安装python版本方法

  在.pyenv目录下创建cache文件件，

  正常安装时，会提示下载地址

  [root@devops ~]# pyenv install -v 3.7.2
  /tmp/python-build.20190821171919.62788 ~
  Downloading Python-3.7.2.tar.xz...
  -> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz
  

  进入cache文件夹下，先wget 下载到本地，在执行install安装

  wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz

• 卸载python
  
  pyenv uninstall 3.6.5

• 切换python版本

  pyenv global 3.6.7

查看是否切换成功

python -V

python 3.6.7

如果切换不成功

这种情况一般是因为用pyenv指定了local版本。

解决方法：

取消设置local版本：pyenv local --unset

安装python3.7版本 需先安装系统依赖包

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel libffi-devel gcc make

创建虚拟python环境

• 创建虚拟的python环境需要pyenv-virtualenv的插件，试着pyenv virtual补全一下，如果存在无需安装

  如果不存在，执行如下操作

  git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv-virtualenv.git ~/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv
  echo ‘eval “$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)”’ >> ~/.bash_profile
  source ~/.bash_profile
  
  

• 创建虚拟环境

  pyenv virtualenv 3.6.5 env365

  这是创建了一个名为env365的python虚拟环境，这个环境的目录位于：~/.pyenv/versions/

• 查看

• 使用虚拟环境

  • pyenv activate env365

  • python 看当前python版本

  • [root@enofyw ~]# pyenv activate venv365
    pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
    (venv365) [root@enofyw ~]# python
    Python 3.6.5 (default, Aug 19 2019, 14:39:19)
    [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    

• 退出虚拟环境

  • pyenv deactivate