根据业务摸索出的一个selenium代码模版（python）

前言

总算入行上班几个月了，不得不说业务是真的不消停啊。。

本人工作上经常遇到一种场景：为甲方做自动化接口处理工具，登录需要短信验证码，，

嘛算是摸索出了一套selenium代码模板，主要解决如下痛点

• 会话超时/断开时，又要找甲方问短信等验证码登录
• 调试途中增减修改功能，算是调试中热更新

分享一下

模板代码

app.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import importlib
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import backend

basepath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
driver_path = os.path.join(basepath, 'chromedriver.exe')
logger = backend.logger

def init_browser(driver_path=None):
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
    prefs = {
        'profile.default_content_setting_values': {
            'notifications': 2
        }}
    options.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs)
    options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
    options.add_experimental_option("useAutomationExtension", False)
    browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=driver_path)
    browser.maximize_window()
    browser.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {
        "source": """
        Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
          get: () => undefined
        })
      """
    })
    return browser

def jump_security(wait, mouse):
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'details-button'))).click()
    ele = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'proceed-link')))
    mouse.move_to_element(ele).click().perform()

def init_login(driver, wait, mouse):
    username_inp = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "username")))
    username_inp.send_keys("user")
    password_inp = driver.find_element_by_id("password")
    password_inp.send_keys("password")

class App(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            cls.error_num = 0
            cls.driver = init_browser(driver_path)
            cls.wait = WebDriverWait(cls.driver, 20)
            cls.mouse = ActionChains(cls.driver)
            cls.driver.get('https://www.target.com/login')
            # jump_security(cls.wait, cls.mouse)
            init_login(cls.driver, cls.wait, cls.mouse)
            cls._instance = object.__new__(cls)
        return cls._instance

# 模式1：client无限循环
def run_unlimited():
    while True:
        try:
            obj = App()
            input('等待登录并进入目标页面后，回此处按回车 >>> ')
            back = backend.Backend(obj)
            results = back.main()
        except Exception as e:
            pass
        finally:
            mode = input('供backend修改的阻塞暂停')
            importlib.reload(backend)

# 模式2：构建本地api服务
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/", methods=["GET"])
def main():
    importlib.reload(backend)
    back = backend.Backend(App())
    results = back.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    os.system('taskkill /im chromedriver.exe /F')	# win专用，清残留进程
    os.system('taskkill /im chrome.exe /F')
    run_unlimited()
    # app.run()

前端有两部分，一是单例的selenium，二是此自动化处理工具的形式：client循环形式 / api服务形式

1. 单例的 _new_ 里init一些属性，处理登录那部分也可以放后台

2. 两种形式其实就是看形式是要主动触发还是被动触发，至于具体做什么就放后台

---

backend.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import os
import re
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
import requests
import simplejson
from loguru import logger
from retry import retry
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

basepath = os.path.abspath('./')
logger.add(f'{basepath}/logs/{os.path.basename(__file__)[:-3]}.log',
           format="{level} | {time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss} | {function}:{line} - {message}",
           level="INFO", retention='5 days')

class Backend(object):
    def __init__(self, obj):
        self.sess = requests.session()
        self.driver = obj.driver
        self.sess.headers = {'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
                             'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                             'Accept-Language': 'zh-Hans-CN, zh-Hans; q=0.5',
                             'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
                             'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
                             'Content-Length': '561',
                             'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
                             'Cookie': 'SESSION=abcdefg',
                             'Host': 'www.target.com',
                             'Referer': 'https://www.target.com/path',
                             'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
                             'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
                             }

    def get_cookie(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@class="e.g:trigger btn"]').click()
        cookies = {_["name"]: _["value"] for _ in self.driver.get_cookies()}
        return cookies

    def get_headers(self):
        cookies = self.get_cookie()
        token = self.driver.execute_script('return window.sessionStorage.getItem("token")')
        self.sess.headers.update({
            'Authorization': token,
            'Cookie': f'SESSION={cookies["SESSION"]}; acw_tc={cookies["acw_tc"]}'
        })

    @retry((json.decoder.JSONDecodeError, simplejson.errors.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, ValueError), tries=3, delay=1)
    def do_api(self):
        url = 'https://www.target.com/api/path'
        payload = {
            'params': '31b1xu0',
        }
        self.get_headers()
        resp = self.sess.post(url, json=payload, verify=False, timeout=10)
        if resp.status_code == 200:
            self.pre_api_task(resp.json())  # do what you need todo
        else:
            raise ValueError(f'do_api failed:: {resp.text}')

    def do_selenium_command(self):
        self.driver.execute_script("$('p[class=imgShow]').click()")
        self.driver.execute_script("document.getElementsByClassName('supportRadioOptional1 checked')[0].click();")
        pagenum = int(re.search(r'共 (\d+) 页', self.driver.page_source).group(1))
        for _ in trange(pagenum, ncols=40):
            self.pre_page_task()			# do what you need todo
            self.driver.execute_script(f"PaginationpageTable.gotoPage('next', '{_+2}', '50');")

    def main(self):
        self.do_selenium_command()
        self.do_api()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    requests.get('127.0.0.1:5000')

基于前面说的短信验证码，让甲方登录后selenium一顿操作就把api的headers补完了，可以愉快地请求接口了

需要js取参数的话可以这样写token = self.driver.execute_script('return window.sessionStorage.getItem("token")')

目前遇到的一些注意点：

1. 渲染的页面带frame，需要switch_to再xpath等处理，可把driver.page_source写进文件判断是否该目标页顺带测定位
2. 有时driver.find_element_by_*无法定位，试试用js；有些JS/Jquery功能在老版IE上用不了，回用mouse处理（套娃呢喂）；连续使用js时要注意响应等待时间

• basepath处用'./'取巧了一下(与pyinstaller打包有关)，可以基于此变量做一些本地文件处理

---

Last

毕竟最终是为甲方做的，程序要以甲方设备为准 即使它是win7,用pywin32定位句柄出现兼容问题即使业务网站只兼容IE内核，js部分功能无法用头发掉光了啊

毕竟是个人摸索出的，可能有更优解，如大佬路过还请不要吝啬交(p)流(y)一下心得