servletconfig和servletContext的区别
1、servletConfig:
在Servlet的配置文件中，可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。（配置在某个servlet标签或者整个web-app下）
这里要补充一点Servlet的配置信息不止可以配置文件中，还可以通过注解的方式进行配置，如下面代码所示
@WebServlet(name = "/ServletForInitParamsDemo01",urlPatterns={"/ServletForInitParamsDemo01","/ServletForInitParamsDemo02"},
initParams={@WebInitParam(name="admin",value="kitty"),
@WebInitParam(name="email",value="admin@example.com")}
)
public class ServletForInitParamsDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private transient ServletConfig config;
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
}
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext sc = config.getServletContext();
String admin = config.getInitParameter("admin");
String email = config.getInitParameter("email");
sc.setAttribute("admin", admin);
sc.setAttribute("email", email);
PersonInfo personInfo = new PersonInfo();
personInfo.setName("Tom");
personInfo.setAge(22);
personInfo.setSex("男");
personInfo.setHobby("play basketball");
sc.setAttribute("personInfo", personInfo);
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.write("<html><head></head><body>"
+ "<br/>"
+ "admin:"+admin+"<br/>"
+ "email:"+email
+ "</body></html>");
pw.close();
}
当servlet配置了初始化参数后，web容器在创建servlet实例对象时，会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中，并在 调用servlet的init方法时，将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而，程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以得 到当前servlet的初始化参数信息;
在开发中主要有三个作用
- 1）、获取字符集编码：string charset = config.getInitParameter("charset");
- 2）、获取配置文件中的数据库连接信息:String url = config.getInitParameter("url");
String username= config.getInitParameter("username");
String password = config.getInitParameter("password"); - 3)、获取配置文件：String configFile = config.getInitParameter("config");
2、servletContext:
WEB容器在启动时，它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表当前web应用。
1）ServletContext对象应用1：多个web组件之间使用它实现数据共享
ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用，开发人员在编写servlet时，可以通过 ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet 共享同一个ServletContext对象，因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。 ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。
在serlvet中，可以使用如下语句来设置数据共享
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); //servletContext域对象
context.setAttribute("data",
"共享数据"); //向域中存了一个data属性
在另一个servlet中，可以使用如下语句来获取域中的data属性
ServletContext context =
this.getServletContext();
String value = (String)
context.getAttribute("data"); //获取域中的data属性
System.out.println(value);
2）通过servletContext对象获取到整个web应用的配置信息
String url =
this.getServletContext().getInitParameter("url");
String username =
this.getServletContext().getInitParameter("username");
String password =
this.getServletContext().getInitParameter("password");
public class SimpleServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private ServletConfig config;
public SimpleServlet() {
System.out.println("SimpleServlet...");
}
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
System.out.println("SimpleServlet的init方法....");
}
public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
String name = config.getInitParameter("name");
System.out.println(name);
ServletContext context = config.getServletContext();
String name1 = context.getInitParameter("name");
System.out.println(name1);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.write("<html>"
+ "<head></head>"
+ "<body>"
+ "SimpleServlet"
+ "</body>"
+ "</html>");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<context-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>Bob</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SimpleServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.demo01.SimpleServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>Tirry</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>30</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SimpleServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/SimpleServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> <servlet>
<servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.demo01.WelcomeServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>Marry</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>20</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/WelcomeServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
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alt="" />
3）通过servletContext对象实现servlet转发
由于servlet中的java数据不易设置样式，所以serlvet可以将java数据转发到JSP页面中进行处理
this.getServletContext().setAttribute("data","serlvet数据转发");
RequestDispatcher rd =
this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/viewdata.jsp");
rd.forward(request,
response);
4）通过servletContext对象读取资源文件
在实际开发中，用作资源文件的文件类型，通常是：xml、properties，而读取xml文件必然要进行xml文档的解析，所以以下例子只对properties文件进行读取(在一个web工程中，只要涉及到写地址，建议最好以/开头)
在web工程中，我们一般来说，是不能采用传统方式读取配置文件的，因为相对的是jvm的启动目录(tomcat的bin目录)，所以我们要使用web绝对目录来获取配置文件的地址
读取资源文件的三种方式：
第一种：使用ServletContext的getResourceAsStream方法：返回资源文件的读取字节流
InputStream in =
this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
Properties prop = new
Properties();
prop.load(in);
String url =
prop.getProperty("url");
第二种：使用ServletContext的getRealPath方法，获得文件的完整绝对路径path，再使用字节流读取path下的文件
String path =
this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
String filename =
path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
//相比第一种方法的好处是：除了可以获取数据，还可以获取资源文件的名称
FileInputStream in = new
FileInputStream(path);
Properties prop = new
Properties();
prop.load(in);
String url =
prop.getProperty("url");
第三种：使用ServletContext的getResource方法，获得一个url对象，调用该类的openStream方法返回一个字节流，读取数据
URL url =
this.getServletContext().getResource("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
InputStream in =
url.openStream();
Properties prop = new
Properties();
prop.load(in);
String url1 =
prop.getProperty("url");
5）web工程中，不同位置的资源文件的读取方式
一、当资源文件在包下面时
InputStream in =
this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/cn/itcast/context/db.properties");
System.out.println(in);
二、资源文件在web-inf下
in =
this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/db.properties");
System.out.println(in);
三、资源文件在web工程中
in =
this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");
System.out.println(in);
6）在非servlet程序中如何读取配置文件:用类装载器
1）用类装载方式读取
in =
StudentDao.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("cn/itcast/context/db.properties");
2）用类装载方式读取，把资源当作url对待
URL url =
StudentDao.class.getClassLoader().getResource("db.properties");
这样可以获得资源文件名称：String path = url.getPath();
3）注意：在线程休眠过程中，即使改动了资源文件，获取到的还是原始内容
解决方案：
URL url =
StudentDao.class.getClassLoader().getResource("db.properties");
String path =
url.getPath();
FileInputStream in = new
FileInputStream(path);
Properties prop = new
Properties();
prop.load(in);
System.out.println(prop.getProperty("url"));
try {
Thread.sleep(1000*15);
} catch (InterruptedException
e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
in = new
FileInputStream(path);
prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
System.out.println(prop.getProperty("url"));
4）注意：用类装载器读取资源文件时，千万要注意，资源文件绝对不能太大，否则极易导致内存溢出
资料来自 于偲鹏 的微博，十分感谢！
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