openpyxl(python操作Excel)

一、安装

>>> pip install openpyxl

import openpyxl

二、常用操作

1、创建与保存一个工作簿

wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
 
wb.save("sample.xlsx")

2、获取第一个工作表（将工作看成一个二维数组）

ws = wb.active
 
ws.title
 
ws["A1"] = 520
 
ws.append([1, 2, 3])

3、打开一个工作簿

wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("sample.xlsx")

4、获取工作表名称列表，再通过工作表名称获取工作表对象

sheetnames = wb.sheetnames or wb.get_sheet_names()
# ["sheet", "example", "maoyan"]
 
example = wb.get_sheet_by_name("example") or wb["example"]

5、创建和删除工作表

wb.create_sheet(index=0, title="example")  # index:工作表位置 title：工作表名称
 
wb.remove_sheet(wb["example"])  # 需要传入一个工作表对象

6、定位单元格

example["A1"]  # 获取单元格对象
example["A"]  # 获取单元格元组（列）
example[""]  # 获取行单元格元组（行）
 
c = example["C4"]
c.offset(1, 3)  # 单元格偏移
# C+1=D,4+3=7,D7

7、'AAA'是多少？

　　观察工作表发现工作表的列索引为A-Z、AA-AZ、BA-BZ······

获取列数字索引对应的字符格式和字符索引对应的数字格式

openpyxl.cell.cell.get_column_letter(496)
# 'SB'
 
openpyxl.cell.cell.column_index_from_string("SB")
#

8、访问多个单元格（先行后列）

方式一：

ws["A1":"B2"]
# ((<Cell 'MaoYan'.A1>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B1>), (<Cell 'MaoYan'.A2>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B2>), (<Cell 'MaoYan'.A3>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B3>))
 
ws["A":"B"]
# ((<Cell 'MaoYan'.A1>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A2>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A3>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A4>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A5>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A6>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A7>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A8>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A9>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A10>), (<Cell 'MaoYan'.B1>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B2>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B3>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B4>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B5>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B6>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B7>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B8>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B9>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B10>))

方式二：

# ws.rows、ws、columns  生成器
for row in ws.rows:  # 多行
    print(row[0])
 
for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=2, min_col=1, max_row=4, max_col=2):  # 指定行
　　print(row[0])

9、拷贝工作表

wb.copy_worksheet(ws["example"])  # 工作表对象

10、个性化工作表标签栏

ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "FFFFFF"

11、调整行高和列宽

ws.row_dimensions[2].height = 100  # 修改行高
 
ws.column.dimensions["A"] .width = 20  # 修改列宽

12、合并和拆分单元格(合并拆分要一致）

ws.merge_cells("A1:C3")
 
ws.unmerge_cells("A1:C3")

13、冻结窗口

ws.freeze_panes = "B8"  # 指定冻结的单元格后，往下滚动，小于第行的不动，往右滚动，小于第B列的不动
 
ws.freeze_panes = "A1"  # 解冻，设置为A1就可以了