Centos6.5安装mysql 5.7

1、在官网下载安装包：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2、将安装包上传到centos上我安装的目录是在 /usr/local/

 [root@localhost bin]# cd /
 [root@localhost /]# cd usr
 [root@localhost usr]# cd local/
 [root@localhost local]# ls
 bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
 [root@localhost local]# rz
 
 [root@localhost local]# ls
 bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  sbin  share  src
 [root@localhost local]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

3、将压缩包解压：tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.10...

10 [root@localhost local]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

4、重命名解压后的文件： mv mysql-5.7.10...  mysql

 [root@localhost local]# ls
 bin  games    lib    libexec                             mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  share
 etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64  sbin                                       src
 [root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
 [root@localhost local]# ls
 bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  sbin  share  src

5、启动mysql的安装文件

 [root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
 2017-09-28 11:21:54 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
 2017-09-28 11:21:59 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
 2017-09-28 11:21:59 [WARNING] 2017-09-28T03:21:55.455859Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead

注意warning部分：mysql_install_db已经被取代了：

./bin/mysqld  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

6、设置mysql的my.cnf配置 ( 将mysql下的文件复制一份到/etc/目录下 )

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

7、修改my.cnf里面的内容：

 [mysqld]
 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
 datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
 port=3306
 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock
 
 [client]
 default-character-set=utf8
 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock
 
 [mysql]
 default-character-set=utf8
 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock

一开始没有设置mysql的socket，而报

 ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

设置好socket 就解决了，其实创建软连接也是不错的选择：ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock  /tmp/mysql.sock

如果mysql启动不了

拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld

 /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

8、启动mysql :

[root@localhost etc]# service mysqld restart

9、提示修改密码：

 [root@localhost etc]# mysql
 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
 [root@localhost etc]# mysql -uroot -p
 Enter password: 

10、查看mysql的默认密码：

 [root@localhost ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
 # Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2017-09-28 11:21:55
 UQ?x&q+gu#o*

11、用默认密码登录后修改默认密码：

 mysql> set password = password("root")
     -> ;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> flush privileges;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> use mysql

然后就可以自己对数据库进行相应的操作了。

12、开启远程连接

mysql> select host,user ,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host                  | user | password                                  |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| %                     | root | *2470C0C06DEE42FD1618BB99005ADCA2EC9D1E19 |
| localhost.localdomain | root |                                           |
| 127.0.0.1             | root |                                           |
| ::                   | root |                                           |
| localhost             |      |                                           |
| localhost.localdomain |      |                                           |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

mysql>  update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'；
mysql>  grant all privileges  on *.* to root@'%' identified by "password" with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;

如果需要指定特定的ip地址，可以直接用grant all privileges on *.* to root@'ip' identified by "password" with grant option;

问题总结：

一、 Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]l/mysql/data/mysql.pid).

网上说了很多但都不是自己出现的

Google了下 ，问题可能的原因有多种，具体什么原因最好的办法是先查看下错误日志：
1、可能是/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid文件没有写的权限
解决方法 ：给予权限，执行 “chown -R mysql:mysql /var/data” “chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/data”  然后重新启动mysqld！

2、可能进程里已经存在mysql进程
解决方法：用命令“ps -ef|grep mysqld”查看是否有mysqld进程，如果有使用“kill -9  进程号”杀死，然后重新启动mysqld！

3、可能是第二次在机器上安装mysql，有残余数据影响了服务的启动。
解决方法：去mysql的数据目录/data看看，如果存在mysql-bin.index，就赶快把它删除掉吧，它就是罪魁祸首了。本人就是使用第三条方法解决的 ！

4、mysql在启动时没有指定配置文件时会使用/etc/my.cnf配置文件，请打开这个文件查看在[mysqld]节下有没有指定数据目录(datadir)。
解决方法：请在[mysqld]下设置这一行：datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

5、skip-federated字段问题
解决方法：检查一下/etc/my.cnf文件中有没有没被注释掉的skip-federated字段，如果有就立即注释掉吧。

6、错误日志目录不存在
解决方法：使用“chown” “chmod”命令赋予mysql所有者及权限

7、selinux惹的祸，如果是centos系统，默认会开启selinux
解决方法：关闭它，打开/etc/selinux/config，把SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled后存盘退出重启机器试试。

8、[ERROR] Fatal error: Please read "Security" section of the manual to find out how to run mysqld as root

解决方法：在/mysql/my.cnf文件中，指定user=mysql  或强制使用root启动  mysqld --user=root

9、 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled../mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist

[ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.

解决方法：./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

自己问题解决方式：

10、本地root用户连接问题Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

解决方法：授权root用户权限      grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root' with grant option;

/etc/my.cnf的配置文件参数少了或者错误

一份正确的配置参数：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
 
#[mysqld]
 
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
 
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
 
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port=3306
user=mysql
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
 
port=3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
 
binlog_format=row
binlog-row-image = full
max_binlog_size =128M
binlog_cache_size =2M
expire_logs_days =7
 
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock
 
#[mysql]
#default-character-set=utf8
#socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock
 
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
 
#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

[Reference]

[1] http://www.jb51.net/article/117722.htm