定位

本文适合于不愿意手工编写而想自动化生成DAO单元测试的筒鞋。成果是不能照搬的，但其中的"创建模板、填充内容、自动生成"思想是可以复用的。读完本文，可以了解 Python 读取配置文件、替换字符串相关的知识点。

在使用 jtester+unitils+testng 做数据库接口的单元测试框架中，
常常需要编写一些 wiki 及 DAOTest java 文件，  比如：

public class XXXDefaultDAOTest extends BaseRegionDbDAOTestCase {

    @SpringBeanByName

    private XXXDefaultDAO XXXDefaultDAO;

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDefaultDAOTest.initBlank.when.wiki", then="XXXDefaultDAOTest.queryOneRecord.then.wiki")

    public void testInsertXXXDefaultDO() {

        XXXDefaultDO XXXDefaultDO = new XXXDefaultDO();

        XXXDefaultDO.setId(1L);

        XXXDefaultDO.setCidrBlock("192.168.10.10");

        XXXDefaultDO.setIpProtocol("tcp");

        XXXDefaultDO.setPortRange("3000:4000");

        XXXDefaultDO.setPolicy(Policy.POLICY_ACCEPT);

        XXXDefaultDO.setNic(Nic.INTRANET);

        XXXDefaultDO.setPriority(65533L);

        XXXDefaultDO.setType(1L);

        XXXDefaultDO.setIsDeleted(0L);

        XXXDefaultDO.setDescription("test1");

        XXXDefaultDO.setGmtCreate(new Date());

        XXXDefaultDO.setGmtModify(new Date());

        XXXDefaultDAO.insertXXXDefaultDO(XXXDefaultDO);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDefaultDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testCountXXXDefaultDOByExample() {

        XXXDefaultDO XXXDefaultDO = new XXXDefaultDO();

        Assert.assertTrue(XXXDefaultDAO.countXXXDefaultDOByExample(XXXDefaultDO) == 1);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDefaultDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki", then="XXXDefaultDAOTest.testUpdate.then.wiki")

    public void testUpdateXXXDefaultDO() {

        XXXDefaultDO found = XXXDefaultDAO.findXXXDefaultDOByPrimaryKey(6L);

        found.setIpProtocol("udp");

        found.setNic(Nic.INTERNET);

        found.setDescription("desc");

        XXXDefaultDAO.updateXXXDefaultDO(found);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDefaultDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testFindListByExample() {

        String cidrBlock = "10.152.126.83";

        Policy policy = Policy.POLICY_ACCEPT;

        XXXDefaultDO XXXDefault = new XXXDefaultDO();

        XXXDefault.setCidrBlock(cidrBlock);

        XXXDefault.setPolicy(policy);

        List<XXXDefaultDO> list = XXXDefaultDAO.findListByExample(XXXDefault);

        Assert.assertEquals(list.size(), 1);

        for (XXXDefaultDO XXXDefaultDO: list) {

            Assert.assertEquals(XXXDefaultDO.getCidrBlock(), cidrBlock);

            Assert.assertEquals(XXXDefaultDO.getPolicy(), policy);

        }

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDefaultDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testFindXXXDefaultDOByPrimaryKey() {

        XXXDefaultDO found = XXXDefaultDAO.findXXXDefaultDOByPrimaryKey(6L);

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getCidrBlock(), "10.152.126.83");

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getIpProtocol(), "all");

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getPortRange(), "");

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getPolicy(), Policy.POLICY_ACCEPT);

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getNic(), Nic.BOTH);

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getPriority().longValue(),1L);

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getType().intValue(), 1);

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getIsDeleted().intValue(), 0);

        Assert.assertEquals(found.getDescription(), "bie dong");

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDefaultDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki", then="")

    public void testDeleteXXXDefaultDOByPrimaryKey() {

        Integer count = XXXDefaultDAO.deleteXXXDefaultDOByPrimaryKey(6L);

        Assert.assertEquals(count.intValue(), 1);

        Integer nodelete = XXXDefaultDAO.deleteXXXDefaultDOByPrimaryKey(6L);

        Assert.assertEquals(nodelete.intValue(), 0);

    }

}

其中， 数据准备文件在 *.when.wiki 中， 数据验证文件在 *.then.wiki 中， 数据库中只需要保证正确的表结构即可。 每次单元测试都是自动化可重复的。

XXXDefaultDAOTest.initBlank.when.wiki

|connect|

|clean table|xxx_default|

      
XXXDefaultDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki

|connect|

|clean table|xxx_default|

|clean table|xxx|

|insert|xxx_default|

| id | gmt_create          | gmt_modify          | cidr_block    | ip_protocol | port_range | policy | nic | priority | type | is_deleted | description |

|  6 | 2014-04-08 20:18:04 | 2014-04-08 20:18:04 | 10.152.126.83 | all         |            | accept |   3 |        1 |    1 |          0 | bie dong    |

XXXDefaultDAOTest.queryOneRecord.then.wiki

|connect|

|query|select cidr_block,  ip_protocol, port_range, policy, nic, priority, type, is_deleted, description from xxx_default |

|cidr_block    | ip_protocol | port_range | policy | nic | priority | type | is_deleted | description |

|192.168.10.10 | tcp         | 3000:4000  | accept |   2 |    65533 |    1 |          0 | test1       |

XXXDefaultDAOTest.testUpdate.then.wiki

|connect|

|query|select cidr_block,  ip_protocol, port_range, policy, nic, priority, type, is_deleted, description from xxx_default|

| cidr_block    | ip_protocol | port_range | policy | nic | priority | type | is_deleted | description |

| 10.152.126.83 | udp         |            | accept |   1 |        1 |    1 |          0 | desc        |

　　

　　显然， 如果每个 DAO 测试类都写这些 WIKI  及 DAO 类（set/get 字段很耗体力）， 那会是比较大的工作量。 这时候， 最好能够自动生成这些文件或文件模板， 减少手工的劳动量。

因此， 编写了一个 python 程序， 在指定配置下， 可以自动生成相关的测试文件模板文件。

　　readcfg.py ：  读取DAO测试类信息的配置文件

from ConfigParser import ConfigParser

config = ConfigParser()

config.read("daotest.conf")

def getAllDAOTestInfo():

    allDAOTest = {}

    secs = config.sections()

    for sec in secs:

        allDAOTest[sec] = getDAOTestInfo(sec)

    return allDAOTest        

def getDAOTestInfo(daoTestName) :

    daoTestInfo = {

        'DaoTestName': config.get(daoTestName, 'DaoTestName') ,

        'TableName': config.get(daoTestName, 'TableName'),

        'FieldArray': config.get(daoTestName, 'FieldArray'),

        'NumTypeFields': config.get(daoTestName, 'NumTypeFields'),

    }

    return daoTestInfo     

create_daotest_wiki.py : 生成 dao 测试的测试文件模板：

import readcfg

import time

import re

def gene_daotest(daoTestInfo):

    daoTestName = daoTestInfo['DaoTestName']

    tableName = daoTestInfo['TableName']

    fieldArray = re.split('\s*,\s*', daoTestInfo['FieldArray'])

    numTypeFields = set(re.split('\s*,\s*', daoTestInfo['NumTypeFields']))

    print ' *** ', daoTestName , ' start...\n'

    startTime = time.clock()

    gene_daotest_wiki_really(daoTestName, tableName, fieldArray, numTypeFields)

    gene_daotest_java(daoTestName, tableName, fieldArray, numTypeFields)

    endTime = time.clock()

    print ' *** ', daoTestName,  ' finished.\n'

    print 'time cost: ', str((endTime - startTime)*1000) + 'ms.\n'

def gene_daotest_wiki_really(daoTestName, tableName, fieldArray, numTypeFields):

    '''

        generate the wikies used for DAO test java file

    '''

    conn = '|connect|'

    clean_table = '|clean table|' + tableName + '|'

    insert_table = '|insert|' + tableName + '|'

    all_fields = '|' + getfieldsWithSep(fieldArray, 0, '|') + '|'

    query_stmt = '|query|' + 'select ' + getfieldsWithSep(fieldArray, 0, ', ', filterTimeAndIdFieldFunc) + ' from ' + tableName + '|'

    query_fields = '|' + getfieldsWithSep(fieldArray, 0, '|', filterTimeAndIdFieldFunc) + '|'

    all_fields_default_values = '|' + getfieldValuesWithSep(fieldArray, numTypeFields, 0, '|') + '|'

    query_fields_default_values = '|' + getfieldValuesWithSep(fieldArray, numTypeFields, 0, '|', filterTimeAndIdFieldFunc) + '|'

    # create DaoTestName.initBlank.when.wiki

    f_initBlank = open(daoTestName+".initBlank.when.wiki", 'w')

    f_initBlank.write('\n'.join([conn, clean_table]));

    f_initBlank.close

    # create DaoTestName.initRecords.when.wiki

    f_initRecs = open(daoTestName+".initRecords.when.wiki", 'w')

    f_initRecs.write('\n'.join([conn, clean_table, insert_table, all_fields, all_fields_default_values]))

    f_initRecs.close

    # create DaoTestName.queryOneRecord.then.wiki

    f_qor = open(daoTestName+".queryOneRecord.then.wiki", 'w')

    f_qor.write('\n'.join([conn, query_stmt, query_fields, query_fields_default_values]))

    f_qor.close

    # create DaoTestName.testUpdate.then.wiki

    f_update = open(daoTestName+".testUpdate.then.wiki", 'w')

    f_update.write('\n'.join([conn, query_stmt, query_fields, query_fields_default_values]))

    f_update.close

def gene_daotest_java(daoTestName, tableName, fieldArray, numTypeFields):

    f_daotest_java = open(daoTestName+'.java', 'w')

    f_daotest_tmpl = open('TemplateDefaultDAOTest.java')

    content = ''

    for line in f_daotest_tmpl:

        content += line

    daoPrefixIndex = daoTestName.find('DAOTest')

    daoPrefix = daoTestName[0: daoPrefixIndex]

    XXXReplacer = daoPrefix

    YYYReplacer = firstLowerCase(XXXReplacer)

    filteredFieldArray = getFilteredFields(fieldArray, filterTimeFieldFunc)

    contentReplaced = content.replace('XXX', XXXReplacer).replace('YYY', YYYReplacer)  \

                             .replace('$setFields', geneSetFields(filteredFieldArray, numTypeFields, YYYReplacer)) \

                             .replace('$AssertGetValues', geneAssertGetValues(filteredFieldArray, numTypeFields, YYYReplacer))

    f_daotest_java.write(contentReplaced)

def geneAssertGetValues(fieldArray, numTypeFields, YYYReplacer):

    content = ''

    for field in fieldArray:

        quoteStr = '' if field in numTypeFields else '"'

        content += 'Assert.assertEquals(%s.get%s(), %s%s%s);\n%s' %  \

                   (YYYReplacer, transformField(field), quoteStr, getDefaultValueForField(field, numTypeFields), quoteStr, indentTimes(2))

    return content

def geneSetFields(fieldArray, numTypeFields, YYYReplacer):

    content = ''

    for field in fieldArray:

        quoteStr = '' if field in numTypeFields else '"'

        content += '%s.set%s(%s%s%s);\n%s' % \

                  (YYYReplacer, transformField(field), quoteStr, getDefaultValueForField(field, numTypeFields), quoteStr, indentTimes(2))

    return content

def transformField(field):

    '''

       convert field with UnderLine form to Camel Form

       eg.  cidr_block ==> CidrBlock

    '''

    parts = field.split('_')

    content = ''

    for part in parts:

        content += firstSuperCase(part)

    return content

def indentTimes(num):

    indent = '';

    while num > 0 :

        indent += '\t'

        num -= 1

    return indent

def firstLowerCase(input):

    '''

        the first letter lowered. eg. NcDAOTest ==> ncDAOTest

    '''

    return input[0].lower() + input[1:]

def firstSuperCase(input):

    '''

        the first letter uppered. eg. ncDAOTest ==> NcDAOTest

    '''

    return input[0].upper() + input[1:]    

def nopFunc(field):

    return True    

def currTime():

    return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))        

def getDefaultValueForField(field, numTypeFields):

    '''

        get the default value of field and return a value

        if you want to set more proper value , do it here.

    '''

    if field == 'id' or field.find('_id') != -1:

        return ''

    elif field.find('gmt_') != -1:

        return currTime()

    elif field.find('ip') != -1 or field.find('addr') != -1:

        return '172.16.0.1'

    elif field.find('cidr') != -1:

        return '172.16.0.0/22'

    elif field in numTypeFields:

        return ''

    else :

        return 'test-'+field

def getfieldsWithSep(fieldArray, index=0, sep='|', filterFunc=nopFunc):

    if index < 0 or index > len(fieldArray):

        raise Exception('index '  + index + ' invalid: must be in [0,' + len(fieldArray) + ']')

    fieldFilteredArray = getFilteredFields(fieldArray, filterFunc)

    return sep.join(fieldFilteredArray[index:])    

def getfieldValuesWithSep(fieldArray, numTypeFields, index=0, sep='|', filterFunc=nopFunc):

    if index < 0 or index > len(fieldArray):

        raise Exception('index '  + index + ' invalid: must be in [0,' + len(fieldArray) + ']')

    fieldFilteredArray = getFilteredFields(fieldArray, filterFunc)

    fieldDefaultValues = []

    for field in fieldFilteredArray:

        fieldDefaultValues.append(getDefaultValueForField(field, numTypeFields))

    return sep.join(fieldDefaultValues)

def filterTimeAndIdFieldFunc(field):

    return field.find('gmt_') == -1 and field != 'id'

def filterTimeFieldFunc(field):

    return field.find('gmt_') == -1 

def getFilteredFields(fieldArray, filterFunc):

    return filter(filterFunc, fieldArray)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    allDAOTest = readcfg.getAllDAOTestInfo()

    for daoTestName, daoTestInfo in allDAOTest.iteritems():

        gene_daotest(daoTestInfo)

daotest.conf:  配置文件　　

[VmDAOTest]

DaoTestName=VmDAOTest

TableName=vm

FieldArray=id,gmt_create,gmt_modify,vm_name,cores,mem,disk,status,nc_id,is_deleted

NumTypeFields=id,cores,mem,disk,status,nc_id,is_deleted

[NcDAOTest]

DaoTestName=NcDAOTest

TableName=nc

FieldArray=id,gmt_create,gmt_modify,hostname,ip,avail_cpu, avail_mem, avail_disk

NumTypeFields=id,avail_cpu, avail_mem, avail_disk

DAO java 文件模板：　

package xxx.dao.regiondb.impl;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.List;

import org.jtester.unitils.dbfit.DbFit;

import org.testng.Assert;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import org.unitils.spring.annotation.SpringBeanByName;

import xxx.BaseRegionDbDAOTestCase;

import xxx.constant.group.Nic;

import xxx.constant.group.Policy;

import xxx.dao.regiondb.XXXDAO;

import xxx.model.db.XXXDO;

public class XXXDAOTest extends BaseRegionDbDAOTestCase {

    @SpringBeanByName

    private XXXDAO YYYDAO;

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDAOTest.initBlank.when.wiki", then="XXXDAOTest.queryOneRecord.then.wiki")

    public void testInsertXXXDO() {

        XXXDO YYY = new XXXDO();

        $setFields

        YYY.setGmtCreate(new Date());

        YYY.setGmtModify(new Date());

        YYYDAO.insertXXXDO(YYY);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testCountXXXDOByExample() {

        XXXDO YYY = new XXXDO();

        Assert.assertTrue(YYYDAO.countXXXDOByExample(YYY).intValue() == 1);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki", then="XXXDAOTest.testUpdate.then.wiki")

    public void testUpdateXXXDO() {

        XXXDO YYY = YYYDAO.findXXXDOByPrimaryKey();

        $setFields

        YYYDAO.updateXXXDO(YYY);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testFindListByExample() {

        XXXDO YYY = new XXXDO();

        $setFields

        List<XXXDO> list = YYYDAO.findListByExample(YYY);

        Assert.assertEquals(list.size(), 1);

        for (XXXDO YYYDO: list) {

            $AssertGetValues

        }

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testFindXXXDOByPrimaryKey() {

        XXXDO YYY = YYYDAO.findXXXDOByPrimaryKey(1L);

        $AssertGetValues

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="XXXDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testDeleteXXXDOByPrimaryKey() {

        Integer count = YYYDAO.deleteXXXDOByPrimaryKey(1L);

        Assert.assertEquals(count.intValue(), 1);

        Integer nodelete = YYYDAO.deleteXXXDOByPrimaryKey(1L);

        Assert.assertEquals(nodelete.intValue(), 0);

    }

}

运行： $ python create_daotest_wiki.py

生成以下文件：

其中：

VmDAOTest.initBlank.when.wiki  

|connect|

|clean table|vm|

VmDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki    

|connect|

|clean table|vm|

|insert|vm|

|id|gmt_create|gmt_modify|vm_name|cores|mem|disk|status|nc_id|is_deleted|

|1|2014-05-22 12:51:38|2014-05-22 12:51:38|test-vm_name|0|0|0|0|1|0|

 VmDAOTest.queryOneRecord.when.wiki / VmDAOTest.testUpdate.when.wiki       

|connect|

|query|select vm_name, cores, mem, disk, status, nc_id, is_deleted from vm|

|vm_name|cores|mem|disk|status|nc_id|is_deleted|

|test-vm_name|0|0|0|0|1|0| 

生成的DAOTEST Java 文件:

package xxx.dao.regiondb.impl;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.List;

import org.jtester.unitils.dbfit.DbFit;

import org.testng.Assert;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import org.unitils.spring.annotation.SpringBeanByName;

import xxx.BaseRegionDbDAOTestCase;

import xxx.constant.group.Nic;

import xxx.constant.group.Policy;

import xxx.dao.regiondb.VmDAO;

import xxx.model.db.VmDO;

public class VmDAOTest extends BaseRegionDbDAOTestCase {

    @SpringBeanByName

    private VmDAO vmDAO;

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="VmDAOTest.initBlank.when.wiki", then="VmDAOTest.queryOneRecord.then.wiki")

    public void testInsertVmDO() {

        VmDO vm = new VmDO();

        vm.setId(1);

        vm.setVmName("test-vm_name");

        vm.setCores(0);

        vm.setMem(0);

        vm.setDisk(0);

        vm.setStatus(0);

        vm.setNcId(1);

        vm.setIsDeleted(0);

        vm.setGmtCreate(new Date());

        vm.setGmtModify(new Date());

        vmDAO.insertVmDO(vm);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="VmDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testCountVmDOByExample() {

        VmDO vm = new VmDO();

        Assert.assertTrue(vmDAO.countVmDOByExample(vm).intValue() == 1);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="VmDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki", then="VmDAOTest.testUpdate.then.wiki")

    public void testUpdateVmDO() {

        VmDO vm = vmDAO.findVmDOByPrimaryKey();

        vm.setId(1);

        vm.setVmName("test-vm_name");

        vm.setCores(0);

        vm.setMem(0);

        vm.setDisk(0);

        vm.setStatus(0);

        vm.setNcId(1);

        vm.setIsDeleted(0);

        vmDAO.updateVmDO(vm);

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="VmDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testFindListByExample() {

        VmDO vm = new VmDO();

        vm.setId(1);

        vm.setVmName("test-vm_name");

        vm.setCores(0);

        vm.setMem(0);

        vm.setDisk(0);

        vm.setStatus(0);

        vm.setNcId(1);

        vm.setIsDeleted(0);

        List<VmDO> list = vmDAO.findListByExample(vm);

        Assert.assertEquals(list.size(), 1);

        for (VmDO vmDO: list) {

            Assert.assertEquals(vm.getId(), 1)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getVmName(), "test-vm_name")

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getCores(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getMem(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getDisk(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getStatus(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getNcId(), 1)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getIsDeleted(), 0)

        }

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="VmDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testFindVmDOByPrimaryKey() {

        VmDO vm = vmDAO.findVmDOByPrimaryKey(1L);

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getId(), 1)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getVmName(), "test-vm_name")

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getCores(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getMem(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getDisk(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getStatus(), 0)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getNcId(), 1)

        Assert.assertEquals(vm.getIsDeleted(), 0)

    }

    @Test

    @DbFit(when="VmDAOTest.initRecords.when.wiki")

    public void testDeleteVmDOByPrimaryKey() {

        Integer count = vmDAO.deleteVmDOByPrimaryKey(1L);

        Assert.assertEquals(count.intValue(), 1);

        Integer nodelete = vmDAO.deleteVmDOByPrimaryKey(1L);

        Assert.assertEquals(nodelete.intValue(), 0);

    }

}

结语：

只要是手工劳动， 尽可能自动化。而要做到自动化， 第一是规范标准化， 第二是要发现一些规律性的模式。

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