Linux下编写和加载 .ko 文件（编写linux驱动）

一、.ko 文件介绍

.ko文件是kernel object文件（内核模块），该文件的意义就是把内核的一些功能移动到内核外边， 需要的时候插入内核，不需要时卸载。

二、优点

（1）这样可以缩小内核体积；
（2）使用方便。

三、.ko文件一般的用处

（1）作为一个功能模块，需要使用时，直接插入运行就行。如在imx6上连接模拟摄像头，先运行模拟摄像头对应的驱动模块 camera.ko文件，然后对应的工程执行文件运行就行。

四、开发环境搭建

[root@ht5 src]# cd /usr/src/kernels/
  [root@ht5 kernels]# ls   //这个下面没有安装时，什么也没有
  [root@ht5 kernels]#
  //默认会安装到/usr/src/kernels下

[root@ht5 src]#rpm -qa kernel-headers
[root@ht5 src]# yum install gcc　　//安装gcc编译环境也很重要
[root@ht5 src]#yum install -y kernel-devel  //这个很关键，很多资料的阐述的方法不准确

[root@ht5 src]# ls /usr/src/kernels/       //安装之后查看下这个目录
  3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64

[root@ht5 src]# ls /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64/
   arch/ crypto/ fs/ ipc/ lib/ mm/ samples/ sound/ usr/
   block/ drivers/ include/ Kconfig Makefile Module.symvers scripts/ System.map virt/
   .config firmware/ init/ kernel/ Makefile.qlock net/ security/ tools/ vmlinux.id

//确认是否有init.h内核头文件

[root@ht5 linux]# ls /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64/include/linux/ | grep init.h
  init.h

[root@ht5 src]# uname -r　　　//注意本机和安装的内核开发环境的版本不是一致的
  3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7.x86_64

五、创建驱动文件mydriver.c

//引入相关内核头文件
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");  //这里必须要声明,内核许可证信息
MODULE_AUTHOR("jinzs");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("mydriver");
MODULE_VERSION("1.0");
//初始化函数

static int mydriver_init(void)
{
　　printk(KERN_ALERT "it is mydriver\n");
　　return 0;
}
//清理函数，在卸载时调用，回收资源销毁执行环境
static void mydriver_exit(void)
{
　　printk(KERN_ALERT "out\n");
}
//登记初始化函数及清理函数
module_init(mydriver_init);
module_exit(mydriver_exit);

############################################################################
内核代码中会有大量的驱动模块
例如: E:\linux内核\linux-2.6.0\linux-2.6.0\drivers\i2c\i2c-dev.c

MODULE_AUTHOR("Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl> and ""Simon G. Vogl <simon@tk.uni-linz.ac.at>");
  MODULE_DESCRIPTION("I2C /dev entries driver");
  MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
  module_init(i2c_dev_init);
  module_exit(i2c_dev_exit);
  //看完本文基本就知道，它的加载机制和实现机制了

六、编译驱动文件mydriver.c，利用Makefile文件

obj-m   := mydriver.o    //obj-m后是tab键缩进
KERNEL := /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64/
PWD     :=$(shell pwd)   //PWD后是tab键缩进
modules:
        $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
        rm -f *.o *.ko
# Makefile语法要注意,不能使用空格键来控制文本行缩进，必须使用Tab键，否则会出现Makefile:5: *** missing separator
# /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64/这里3.10.0....写死了, 可以这样 /usr/src/kernels/$(uname -r)/  
# 但是由于安装没有对应的内核的devel所以写死了.

编译

　[root@ht5 src]# make
　make -C /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64/ M=/usr/local/src modules
　make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64'
　CC [M] /usr/local/src/mydriver.o
　Building modules, stage 2.
　MODPOST 1 modules
　CC /usr/local/src/mydriver.mod.o
　LD [M] /usr/local/src/mydriver.ko
　make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64'

[root@ht5 src]# ll
total 101360
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      297 Mar 28 20:49 mydriver.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   101472 Mar 28 20:59 mydriver.ko
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      907 Mar 28 20:59 mydriver.mod.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    58864 Mar 28 20:59 mydriver.mod.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    45728 Mar 28 20:59 mydriver.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       17 Mar 28 20:37 mydriver.s-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      170 Mar 28 21:00 Makefile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       31 Mar 28 21:00 modules.order
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root        0 Mar 28 20:59 Module.symvers

七、加载.ko 文件

1、加载驱动模块mydriver.ko

1）方法一
  一旦生成mydriver.ko驱动模块文件,进入所在的目录，然后直接 

 [root@ht5 src]#insmod mydriver.ko

2）方法二
 将mydriver.ko文件拷贝到可加载驱动所在目录下  /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/

注意本机:
    [root@ht5 src]# uname -r
    3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7.x86_64

[root@ht5 src]# depmod 

 //depmod 会在/lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/目录下生成modules.dep和modules.dep.bb文件

[root@ht5 src]# modprobe -r mydriver  //注意这里无需输入.ko后缀

 注：两种方法的区别

 modprobe和insmod类似，都是用来动态加载驱动模块的，区别在于modprobe可以解决load module时的依赖关系，

 它是通过/lib/modules/#uname -r/modules.dep(.bb)文件来查找依赖关系的；而insmod不能解决依赖问题。也就是说，如果你确定你要加载的驱动模块不依赖其他驱动模块的话，

 既可以insmod也可以modprobe，当然insmod可以在任何目录下执行，更方便一些。而如果你要加载的驱动模块还依赖其他ko驱动模块的话，就只能将模块拷贝到上述的特定目录，

 depmod后再modprobe。

2、查看已加载的驱动模块列表和模块信息

[root@ht5 src]# lsmod | grep mydriver
mydriver                  12496  0 

[root@ht5 src]# modinfo mydriver.ko
 filename: /usr/local/src/mydriver.ko
 version: 1.0
 description: mydriver
 author: jinzs
 license: GPL
 retpoline: Y
 rhelversion: 7.9
 srcversion: FCA9B81CB0D8E3B092F2759
 depends:
 vermagic: 3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions

loading out-of-tree module taints kernel问题

[root@ht5 src]# dmesg | grep mydriver
[3334186.411879] mydriver: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[3334186.411922] mydriver: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel

确认是否签名是否被加载
[root@ht5 src]# modinfo -F signer mydriver.ko  //执行后无提示

[root@ht5 src]# cd /lib/modules/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/
  [root@ht5 drivers]# ls
  acpi bcma char dma gpu i2c iommu media misc ntb platform ptp staging uio vhost xen
  ata block cpufreq edac hid idle isdn memstick mmc parport power rtc target usb video
  auxdisplay bluetooth crypto firewire hv infiniband leds message mtd pci powercap scsi thermal uwb virtio
  base cdrom dca firmware hwmon input md mfd net pcmcia pps ssb tty vfio watchdog
  [root@ht5 drivers]# cd net/
  [root@ht5 net]# ls
  bonding ethernet ieee802154 macvlan.ko mdio.ko netconsole.ko ntb_netdev.ko ppp team usb virtio_net.ko vxlan.ko wireless
  dummy.ko hyperv ifb.ko macvtap.ko mii.ko nlmon.ko phy slip tun.ko veth.ko vmxnet3 wan xen-netfront.ko
  [root@ht5 net]# modinfo -F signer ifb.ko
  CentOS Linux kernel signing key

[root@ht5 net]# modinfo -F signer tun.ko
  CentOS Linux kernel signing key

[root@ht5 net]# modinfo tun | grep '^sig'
  signer: CentOS Linux kernel signing key
  sig_key: 28:FD:E6:60:84:9F:DF:48:DE:A9:1B:48:B8:0B:17:B5:6C:E1:51:98
  sig_hashalgo: sha256

[root@ht5 net]# hexdump -C tun.ko | tail
 0000bea0 5a da 53 36 67 22 a1 fd 16 ab d1 7c c6 84 e4 8b |Z.S6g".....|....|
 0000beb0 45 03 6a 10 dc b3 37 6b 52 18 ea 7b 27 06 0b b2 |E.j...7kR..{'...|
 0000bec0 59 a6 86 53 4e 20 72 b2 b0 95 aa 3f 2d e4 28 fc |Y..SN r....?-.(.|
 0000bed0 92 18 a3 cf c2 58 40 75 7d 76 f9 65 d1 8c ac dd |.....X@u}v.e....|
 0000bee0 ec a1 83 0c 8f 62 ef 4f 30 4d 3d ef db 3b 4a 5e |.....b.O0M=..;J^|
 0000bef0 08 9f 18 b9 82 77 3f dc 4c 92 aa 59 c6 01 04 01 |.....w?.L..Y....|
 0000bf00 1f 14 00 00 00 00 00 01 82 7e 4d 6f 64 75 6c 65 |.........~Module|
 0000bf10 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 20 61 70 70 65 6e | signature appen|
 0000bf20 64 65 64 7e 0a |ded~.|
 0000bf25

使用insmod命令加载编写的驱动模块，在用demesg出现信息：loading out-of-tree module taints kernel。
  模块还是能够被加载。并且卸载后再次加载时，该提示信息没有再次出现。关于taint资料很多，查查就知道了

部分内核被污染的原因：
  加载非GPL兼容的内核模块 
  驱动程序的使用，它们是内核源代码的一部分，但尚未经过全面测试
  使用内核源代码未包含的树外模块
  强制加载不是为当前内核版本构建的模块
  某些严重错误，例如machine check exceptions（MCE）和kernel oopses

参考 
  https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/118116/what-is-a-tainted-linux-kernel

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Signed_kernel_module_support#Manually_signing_modules

3、卸载驱动模块

[root@ht5 src]#  rmmod mydriver 

  //注："module_name"是lsmod显示的模块名称，而不是对应的ko文件名

本例子中命令行下执行命令：rmmod mydriver.ko即可。
 查看cat /var/log/messages.
 可以看到下面这样的信息：“Aug 6 13:40:36 localhost kernel: Goodbye, cruel world”，说明模块卸载成功。

4. 查看模块信息

[root@ht5 src]# nm mydriver.ko
0000000000000020 T cleanup_module
                 U __fentry__
0000000000000020 t mydriver_exit
0000000000000000 t mydriver_init
0000000000000000 T init_module
000000000000004b r __module_depends
                 U printk
0000000000000000 D __this_module
0000000000000000 r __UNIQUE_ID_license8
000000000000000c r __UNIQUE_ID_retpoline11
0000000000000018 r __UNIQUE_ID_rhelversion10
0000000000000028 r __UNIQUE_ID_srcversion9
0000000000000054 r __UNIQUE_ID_vermagic8
0000000000000000 r ____versions

八　查看内核内置模块（它不以文件形式存在，不在驱动列表下）

[root@ht5 src]# cat /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.builtin
kernel/arch/x86/crypto/aes-x86_64.ko
kernel/arch/x86/crypto/sha1-ssse3.ko
kernel/arch/x86/crypto/sha256-ssse3.ko
kernel/arch/x86/events/intel/intel-rapl-perf.ko
kernel/arch/x86/events/intel/intel-uncore.ko
kernel/arch/x86/kernel/msr.ko
kernel/arch/x86/kernel/cpuid.ko
kernel/mm/zpool.ko
kernel/mm/zbud.ko
kernel/mm/zsmalloc.ko
kernel/fs/binfmt_script.ko
kernel/fs/autofs4/autofs4.ko
kernel/fs/configfs/configfs.ko
kernel/fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.ko
kernel/fs/exportfs/exportfs.ko
kernel/fs/nls/nls_base.ko
kernel/fs/nls/nls_cp437.ko
kernel/fs/nls/nls_ascii.ko
kernel/fs/quota/quota_v2.ko
kernel/fs/quota/quota_tree.ko
kernel/security/keys/trusted.ko
kernel/security/keys/encrypted-keys/encrypted-keys.ko
kernel/crypto/crypto.ko
kernel/crypto/crypto_wq.ko
kernel/crypto/crypto_algapi.ko
kernel/crypto/aead.ko
kernel/crypto/crypto_blkcipher.ko
kernel/crypto/chainiv.ko
kernel/crypto/eseqiv.ko
kernel/crypto/seqiv.ko
kernel/crypto/crypto_hash.ko
kernel/crypto/pcompress.ko
kernel/crypto/akcipher.ko
kernel/crypto/kpp.ko
kernel/crypto/acompress.ko
kernel/crypto/scompress.ko
kernel/crypto/cryptomgr.ko
kernel/crypto/hmac.ko
kernel/crypto/md5.ko
kernel/crypto/sha1_generic.ko
kernel/crypto/sha256_generic.ko
kernel/crypto/ecb.ko
kernel/crypto/cbc.ko
kernel/crypto/ctr.ko
kernel/crypto/aes_generic.ko
kernel/crypto/crc32c.ko
kernel/crypto/lzo.ko
kernel/crypto/rng.ko
kernel/crypto/af_alg.ko
kernel/crypto/algif_hash.ko
kernel/crypto/algif_skcipher.ko
kernel/crypto/asymmetric_keys/asymmetric_keys.ko
kernel/crypto/asymmetric_keys/public_key.ko
kernel/crypto/asymmetric_keys/rsa.ko
kernel/crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_key_parser.ko
kernel/crypto/asymmetric_keys/pkcs7_message.ko
kernel/block/deadline-iosched.ko
kernel/block/cfq-iosched.ko
kernel/block/mq-deadline.ko
kernel/block/kyber-iosched.ko
kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
kernel/drivers/acpi/button.ko
kernel/drivers/acpi/fan.ko
kernel/drivers/acpi/processor.ko
kernel/drivers/acpi/thermal.ko
kernel/drivers/acpi/battery.ko
kernel/drivers/acpi/hed.ko
kernel/drivers/base/firmware_class.ko
kernel/drivers/char/raw.ko
kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
kernel/drivers/char/crash.ko
kernel/drivers/char/agp/agpgart.ko
kernel/drivers/char/agp/amd64-agp.ko
kernel/drivers/char/agp/intel-agp.ko
kernel/drivers/char/agp/intel-gtt.ko
kernel/drivers/char/agp/sis-agp.ko
kernel/drivers/char/agp/via-agp.ko
kernel/drivers/char/hw_random/rng-core.ko
kernel/drivers/char/tpm/tpm.ko
kernel/drivers/char/tpm/tpm_tis_core.ko
kernel/drivers/char/tpm/tpm_tis.ko
kernel/drivers/connector/cn.ko
kernel/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_performance.ko
kernel/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_powersave.ko
kernel/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_userspace.ko
kernel/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_ondemand.ko
kernel/drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_conservative.ko
kernel/drivers/dax/dax.ko
kernel/drivers/edac/edac_core.ko
kernel/drivers/firmware/dmi-sysfs.ko
kernel/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.ko
kernel/drivers/firmware/efi/efivars.ko
kernel/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-generic.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-a4tech.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-apple.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-belkin.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-cherry.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-chicony.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-cypress.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-ezkey.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-kensington.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-logitech.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-magicmouse.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-microsoft.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-monterey.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-ntrig.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/hid-plantronics.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/intel-ishtp.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/intel-ish-ipc.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/intel-ishtp-hid.ko
kernel/drivers/hid/usbhid/usbhid.ko
kernel/drivers/hwmon/hwmon.ko
kernel/drivers/i2c/i2c-core.ko
kernel/drivers/iio/industrialio.ko
kernel/drivers/iio/buffer/industrialio-buffer-cb.ko
kernel/drivers/iio/buffer/kfifo_buf.ko
kernel/drivers/input/input-core.ko
kernel/drivers/input/ff-memless.ko
kernel/drivers/input/input-leds.ko
kernel/drivers/input/mousedev.ko
kernel/drivers/input/evdev.ko
kernel/drivers/input/keyboard/atkbd.ko
kernel/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse.ko
kernel/drivers/input/serio/serio.ko
kernel/drivers/input/serio/i8042.ko
kernel/drivers/input/serio/serport.ko
kernel/drivers/input/serio/libps2.ko
kernel/drivers/iommu/iova.ko
kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
kernel/drivers/macintosh/mac_hid.ko
kernel/drivers/md/md-mod.ko
kernel/drivers/mfd/mfd-core.ko
kernel/drivers/mfd/intel-lpss.ko
kernel/drivers/mfd/intel-lpss-pci.ko
kernel/drivers/mfd/intel-lpss-acpi.ko
kernel/drivers/net/phy/libphy.ko
kernel/drivers/net/phy/realtek.ko
kernel/drivers/net/phy/fixed_phy.ko
kernel/drivers/nvmem/nvmem_core.ko
kernel/drivers/pci/pci-stub.ko
kernel/drivers/pcmcia/pcmcia_core.ko
kernel/drivers/pcmcia/pcmcia_rsrc.ko
kernel/drivers/platform/x86/pvpanic.ko
kernel/drivers/rtc/rtc-cmos.ko
kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko
kernel/drivers/scsi/device_handler/scsi_dh.ko
kernel/drivers/scsi/device_handler/scsi_dh_rdac.ko
kernel/drivers/scsi/device_handler/scsi_dh_hp_sw.ko
kernel/drivers/scsi/device_handler/scsi_dh_emc.ko
kernel/drivers/scsi/device_handler/scsi_dh_alua.ko
kernel/drivers/thermal/thermal_sys.ko
kernel/drivers/thunderbolt/thunderbolt.ko
kernel/drivers/tty/serial/serial_core.ko
kernel/drivers/tty/serial/kgdboc.ko
kernel/drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250.ko
kernel/drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_pci.ko
kernel/drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_dw.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/common/usb-common.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/core/usbcore.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-pci.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-pci.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/host/xhci-hcd.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/host/xhci-pci.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/mon/usbmon.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/serial/usbserial.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/typec/typec.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/typec/altmodes/typec_displayport.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/typec/ucsi/typec_ucsi.ko
kernel/drivers/usb/typec/ucsi/ucsi_acpi.ko
kernel/drivers/video/fb.ko
kernel/drivers/video/cfbfillrect.ko
kernel/drivers/video/cfbcopyarea.ko
kernel/drivers/video/cfbimgblt.ko
kernel/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/fbcon.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/bitblit.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/font.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/softcursor.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/tileblit.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/fbcon_rotate.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/fbcon_cw.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/fbcon_ud.ko
kernel/drivers/video/console/fbcon_ccw.ko
kernel/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_probe_frontend.ko
kernel/arch/x86/pci/vmd.ko
kernel/arch/x86/video/fbdev.ko
kernel/net/core/drop_monitor.ko
kernel/net/core/netprio_cgroup.ko
kernel/net/ipv4/inet_lro.ko
kernel/net/ipv4/tcp_cubic.ko
kernel/net/ipv6/ipv6.ko
kernel/net/ipv6/inet6_hashtables.ko
kernel/net/mpls/mpls_gso.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/x_tables.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/xt_tcpudp.ko
kernel/net/packet/af_packet.ko
kernel/net/sched/cls_cgroup.ko
kernel/net/unix/unix.ko
kernel/net/xfrm/xfrm_algo.ko
kernel/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.ko
kernel/lib/test-kstrtox.ko
kernel/lib/bitrev.ko
kernel/lib/crc16.ko
kernel/lib/crc32.ko
kernel/lib/digsig.ko
kernel/lib/asn1_decoder.ko
kernel/lib/oid_registry.ko
kernel/lib/ucs2_string.ko
kernel/lib/lzo/lzo_compress.ko
kernel/lib/lzo/lzo_decompress.ko
kernel/lib/mpi/mpi.ko
kernel/lib/xz/xz_dec.ko
kernel/lib/zlib_deflate/zlib_deflate.ko
kernel/lib/zlib_inflate/zlib_inflate.ko

可加载驱动所在目录

在 /sys/module目录下，你可以找到内核模块（包含内置和可加载的）命名的子目录
进入每个模块目录，这里有个“parameters”目录，列出了这个模块所有的参数。

[root@ht5 src]# cd  /sys/module
[root@ht5 module]# ls
8250               cryptd                        hid              ipt_REJECT  nf_conntrack            ppdev               suspend       vmw_vsock_vmci_transport
ablk_helper        debug_core                    hid_apple        ip_tunnel   nf_conntrack_ipv4       printk              syscopyarea   vmxnet3
acpi               dm_log                        hid_magicmouse   ipv6        nf_conntrack_ipv6       processor           sysfillrect   vsock
acpiphp            dm_mirror                     hid_ntrig        ip_vs       nf_conntrack_netlink    psmouse             sysimgblt     vt
aesni_intel        dm_mod                        i2c_piix4        joydev      nf_defrag_ipv4          pstore              sysrq         watchdog
ata_generic        dm_region_hash                i8042            kdb_main    nf_defrag_ipv6          rcupdate            tcp_cubic     workqueue
ata_piix           drm                           intel_idle       kernel      nf_nat                  rcutree             thermal       xfs
battery            drm_kms_helper                intel_ishtp      keyboard    nf_nat_ipv4             rng_core            tpm           xhci_hcd
block              drm_panel_orientation_quirks  iosf_mbi         kgdboc      nf_nat_ipv6             sb_edac             tpm_tis       xt_addrtype
bridge             dynamic_debug                 ip6table_nat     kgdbts      nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4  scsi_dh_alua        tpm_tis_core  xt_comment
br_netfilter       edac_core                     ip6_tables       libata      nf_reject_ipv4          scsi_dh_rdac        ttm           xt_conntrack
cdrom              efi_pstore                    ipip             libcrc32c   overlay                 scsi_mod            tunnel4       xt_mark
configfs           efivars                       ip_set           llc         parport                 scsi_transport_sas  uhci_hcd      xt_multiport
coretemp           ehci_hcd                      ip_set_hash_ip   lrw         parport_pc              sd_mod              usbcore       xt_nat
cpuidle            fb_sys_fops                   ip_set_hash_net  md_mod      pata_acpi               serio_raw           usbhid        xt_recent
crc32c_intel       firmware_class                iptable_filter   module      pcie_aspm               sg                  uv_nmi        xt_set
crc32_pclmul       gf128mul                      iptable_mangle   mousedev    pciehp                  shpchp              veth          xt_statistic
crc_t10dif         ghash_clmulni_intel           iptable_nat      mptbase     pci_hotplug             spurious            vmd           xz_dec
crct10dif_common   glue_helper                   iptable_raw      mptsas      pci_slot                sr_mod              vmw_balloon   zswap
crct10dif_generic  haltpoll                      ip_tables        mptscsih    pcmcia_core             stp                 vmwgfx
crct10dif_pclmul   mydriver                         ipt_MASQUERADE   netpoll     pcspkr                  sunrpc              vmw_vmci

小结这里有几个目录

/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64/　　　　开发的内核头文件所在目录
/lib/modules/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/　　动态加载驱动所在目录
/sys/module 　动态和内置驱动所在目录

参考

http://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org/packages/kernel/2.6.26.6/49.fc8/src/kernel-2.6.26.6-49.fc8.src.rpm

http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/