Python练习2-基本聊天程序-虚拟茶会话

基本聊天程序

先来个基本的测试例子：

Main.py

from asyncore import dispatcher
import socket,asyncore
PORT = 11223
class ChatServer(dispatcher):
    def __init__(self, port):
        dispatcher.__init__(self)
        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET ,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.set_reuse_addr()
        self.bind(('',port))
        self.listen(5)
    def handle_accept(self):
        conn,addr = self.accept()
        print ('Connection attempt from',addr[0])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = ChatServer(PORT)
    try:asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:pass

上面是服务器段程序，接受到连接之后马上在服务器上显示对方IP，但是不保持连接。客户端测试的话很简单，可以自己写一个socket的连接，也可以为了省事直接本地开启telnet就行了，开启telnet的方法是，在开始菜单里搜索：

然后确定，之后cmd里直接telnet就行了。

运行上面的main.py,然后客户端链接服务端：

Cmd->telnet    : open 127.0.0.1 11223

上面就是一个最基本的Python服务器脚本流程。接下来实现一个基本的聊天程序用来练手。

实现的基本功能（虚拟茶会话） 测试环境python 3.6.0[python基础教程上的代码不能直接在3.6.0版本上跑，以下是改过的虚拟茶会话]

功能：

login name 登录房间

logout 退出房间

say   XXXX 发言

look 查看同一个房间内的人

who 查看谁登陆了当前服务器

测试截图

简单说下设计结构：

CommandHandler类 ： 处理命令的，函数存在则执行，不存在则直接走unknown函数。结合着try和getattr函数python可以直接尝试去执行一个不确定存不存在的函数。[我一直在想，别的语言要怎么实现这个东西，是创建虚拟工厂？对了想起来了，干脆就创建一些函数，然后把函数名字格式化封装在一个void指针容器里的了。函数格式化要统一]

Room类：表示一个房间，里面有一些对房间人[链接]数据结构的增加删除操作，同时还有相关广播函数，用于把消息发给所有人。

LoginRoom类，里面有成功登陆房间，登陆房间失败以及登陆操作，比如问候登陆者，同时通知别人有人登陆等细节。

LogoutRoom类，登出房间类，用户登出房间时候进行的一些数据结构处理。

ChatRoom类，聊天室类，主要就是封装了一些功能函数。比如say look who等等。

ChatSession，ChatServer 类基本的服务器程序需要的，分别继承async_chat和dispatcher，处理一些服务器参数，以及重载设置一些处理函数等。

详细代码如下[注意本代码测试于python3.6.0]

#!/usr/bin/env python3
__author__ = 'tcstory'
from asyncore import dispatcher
from asynchat import async_chat
import socket, asyncore

PORT=5005
NAME='TestChat'

class EndSession(Exception): pass

class CommandHandler:
    '''
    Simple command handler similar to cmd.Cmd from the standard library
    '''

    def unknown(self, session, cmd):
        'Respond to an unknown command'
        session.push('Unkonw command: {0}\r\n'.format(cmd).encode())

    def handle(self, session, line):
        'Handle a received line from a given session'
        if not line.strip():
            return
        #Split off the command
        parts = line.split(' ', 1)
        cmd = parts[0]
        try:
            line=parts[1].strip()
        except IndexError:
            line=''
        #Try to find a handler
        meth=getattr(self,'do_'+cmd,None)
        try:
            #Assume it's callable
            meth(session,line)
        except TypeError:
            #If it isn't ,respond to the unknown command
            self.unknown(session,cmd)

class Room(CommandHandler):
    '''
    A generic environment that may contain one or more users(sessions).it takes care of basic command handling and broadcasting.
    '''
    def __init__(self,server):
        self.server=server
        self.sessions=[]

    def add(self,session):
        'A session(user) has entered the room'
        self.sessions.append(session)

    def remove(self,session):
        'A session (user) has left the room'
        self.sessions.remove(session)

    def broadcast(self,line):
        'Send a line to all sessions in the room'
        for session in self.sessions:
            session.push(line.encode())

    def do_logout(self,session,line):
        'Respond to the logout command'
        raise EndSession

class LoginRoom(Room):
    '''
    A room meant for a single person who has just connected
    '''

    def add(self,session):
        Room.add(self,session)
        #When a user enters,greet him/her
        self.broadcast('Welcome to {0}\r\n'.format(self.server.name))

    def unknown(self, session, cmd):
        #All unknown commands (anything except login or logout)
        #results in a prodding
        session.push('Please log in\nUse "login <nick>"\r\n'.encode())

    def do_login(self,session,line):
        name=line.strip()
        #Make sure the user has entered a name
        if not name:
            session.push('Please enter a name\r\n'.encode())
        #Make sure that the name isn't in use
        elif name in self.server.users:
            session.push('The name {0} is taken.\r\n'.format(name).encode())
            session.push('Please try again.\r\n'.encode())
        else:
            #The name is OK,os it is stored in the session.and
            #the user is moved into the main room
            session.name=name
            session.enter(self.server.main_room)

class ChatRoom(Room):
    '''
    A room meant for multiple users who can chat with the others in the room
    '''

    def add(self,session):
        #Notify everyone that a new user has entered
        self.broadcast('{0} has entered the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))
        self.server.users[session.name]=session
        Room.add(self,session)

    def remove(self,session):
        Room.remove(self,session)
        #Notify everyone that a user has left
        self.broadcast('{0} has left the room.\r\n'.format(session.name))

    def do_say(self,session,line):
        self.broadcast(('{0}: '+line+'\r\n').format(session.name))

    def do_look(self,session,line):
        'Handles the look command,used to see who is in a room'
        session.push('The following are in this room:\r\n'.encode())
        for other in self.sessions:
            session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(other.name).encode())

    def do_who(self,session,line):
        'Handles the who command ,used to see who is logged in'
        session.push('The following are logged in:\r\n'.encode())
        for name in self.server.users:
            session.push('{0}\r\n'.format(name).encode())

class LogoutRoom(Room):
    '''
    A simple room for a single user.Its sole purpose is to remove the user's name from the server
    '''

    def add(self,session):
        #When a session (user) enters the LogoutRoom it is deleted

        try:
            del self.server.users[session.name]
        except KeyError:
            pass

class ChatSession(async_chat):
    '''
    A single session,which takes care of the communication with a single user
    '''

    def __init__(self,server,sock):
        # async_chat.__init__(self,sock)
        super().__init__(sock)
        self.server=server
        self.set_terminator(b'\r\n')
        self.data=[]
        self.name=None
        #All sessions begin in a separate LoginRoom
        self.enter(LoginRoom(server))

    def enter(self,room):
        # Remove self from current room and add self to next room....
        try:
            cur=self.room
        except AttributeError:pass
        else:
            cur.remove(self)
        self.room=room
        room.add(self)

    def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
         self.data.append(data.decode('utf-8'))

    def found_terminator(self):
        line=''.join(self.data)
        self.data=[]
        try:
            self.room.handle(self,line)
        except EndSession:
            self.handle_close()

    def handle_close(self):
        async_chat.handle_close(self)
        self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))

class ChatServer(dispatcher):
    '''
    A chat server with a single room
    '''

    def __init__(self,port,name):
        super().__init__()
        # dispatcher.__init__(self)
        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.set_reuse_addr()
        self.bind(('',port))
        self.listen(5)
        self.name=name
        self.users={}
        self.main_room=ChatRoom(self)

    def handle_accept(self):
        conn,addr=self.accept()
        ChatSession(self,conn)

if __name__=='__main__':
    s=ChatServer(PORT,NAME)
    try:
        asyncore.loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print()