Linux磁盘分区(一):添加
***********************************************声明************************************************
原创作品,出自 “深蓝的blog” 博客,欢迎转载,转载时请务必注明出处(http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong)。
表述有错误之处,请您留言或邮件(hyldba@163.com)指明,不胜感激。
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*****************************************************************************************************
Linux硬盘分区(一):添加
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
过程简述
*************************
- --添加磁盘
- # fdisk -l --查看磁盘情况
- # fdisk /dev/sdb --为/dev/sdb设备分区
- n --添加分区
- p/e --主分区/逻辑分区
- w --保存退出
- # mkdir /data --创建挂载目录
- # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb --格式化磁盘为ext3文件系统
- # fdisk -l --再次查看磁盘情况
- # mount /dev/sdb /data --挂载磁盘到创建的挂载目录下
- # vi /etc/fstab --修改启动自动挂载项
- /dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
*************************
说明
*************************
1、以上操作为精炼总结,若如可以看懂,下面内容无需浏览;
2、以下简单列举两例,细化操作过程。
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举例1:添加1块90G磁盘,将其分为1个分区
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
查看磁盘情况
*************************
- [root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l
- Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
- /dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
- Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
*************************
磁盘分区
*************************
- [root@hyldb /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
- Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
- until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
- content won't be recoverable.
- The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 11748.
- There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
- and could in certain setups cause problems with:
- 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
- 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
- (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
- Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
- Command (m for help): m
- --输入m查看帮助:指令提示
- Command action
- a toggle a bootable flag
- b edit bsd disklabel
- c toggle the dos compatibility flag
- d delete a partition
- l list known partition types
- m print this menu
- n add a new partition
- o create a new empty DOS partition table
- p print the partition table
- q quit without saving changes
- s create a new empty Sun disklabel
- t change a partition's system id
- u change display/entry units
- v verify the partition table
- w write table to disk and exit
- x extra functionality (experts only)
- Command (m for help): n
- --添加新分区
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- p
- --输入p添加主分区
- Partition number (1-4): 1
- --填写分区号
- First cylinder (1-11748, default 1):
- Using default value 1
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-11748, default 11748):
- Using default value 11748
- Command (m for help): p
- --打印分区列表
- Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sdb1 1 11748 94365778+ 83 Linux
- Command (m for help): w
- --保存退出
- The partition table has been altered!
- Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
- Syncing disks.
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创建挂载目录
*************************
- [root@hyldb /]# mkdir /data
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格式化磁盘
*************************
- [root@hyldb /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb
- --格式化sdb1,格式成ext3格式文件系统
- mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
- /dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
- Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
- Filesystem label=
- OS type: Linux
- Block size=4096 (log=2)
- Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
- 11796480 inodes, 23592960 blocks
- 1179648 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
- First data block=0
- Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
- 720 block groups
- 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
- 16384 inodes per group
- Superblock backups stored on blocks:
- 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
- 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000
- Writing inode tables: done
- Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
- Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
- This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
- 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
- [root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l
- Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
- /dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
- Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
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挂载磁盘到指定路径下
*************************
- [root@hyldb /]# mount /dev/sdb /data
- [root@hyldb /]# df -h
- Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
- /dev/sda3 112G 4.3G 102G 5% /
- /dev/sda1 487M 17M 445M 4% /boot
- tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
- /dev/sdb 89G 184M 84G 1% /data
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修改启动磁盘自动挂载
*************************
- [root@xckydb ~]# vi /etc/fstab
- LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
- LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
- tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
- devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
- sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
- proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
- LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
- /dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
- ~
- ~
- "/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
- --格式说明
- /dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0
- 要挂载的对象 挂载的目录 系统类型 文件系统访问权限 开机后是否检测 出问题后是否转储
*****************************************************************************************************
举例2:
1、添加1块10G磁盘;
2、将其分为六个分区;
3、三个主分区分别为2G;
4、剩余空间分为扩展分区,具体分为两个逻辑分区分别为1G,剩余空间单独分为一个逻辑分区。
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
查看磁盘情况
*************************
- [root@hyl ~]# df -h
- Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
- /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
- /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
- tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
- [root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l
- Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
- /dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
- /dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
- Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
*************************
为/dev/sdb设备分区
*************************
- [root@hyl ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
- Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
- until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
- content won't be recoverable.
- The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
- There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
- and could in certain setups cause problems with:
- 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
- 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
- (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
- Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
- Command (m for help): m
- Command action
- a toggle a bootable flag
- b edit bsd disklabel
- c toggle the dos compatibility flag
- d delete a partition
- l list known partition types
- m print this menu
- n add a new partition
- o create a new empty DOS partition table
- p print the partition table
- q quit without saving changes
- s create a new empty Sun disklabel
- t change a partition's system id
- u change display/entry units
- v verify the partition table
- w write table to disk and exit
- x extra functionality (experts only)
*************************
创建第一个主分区:大小2G
*************************
- Command (m for help): n
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- p
- Partition number (1-4): 1
- First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
- Using default value 1
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
创建第二个主分区:大小2G
*************************
- Command (m for help): n
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- p
- Partition number (1-4): 1
- First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
- Using default value 1
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
- Command (m for help): n
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- p
- Partition number (1-4): 2
- First cylinder (251-1305, default 251):
- Using default value 251
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (251-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
创建第三个主分区:大小2G
*************************
- Command (m for help): n
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- p
- Partition number (1-4): 3
- First cylinder (501-1305, default 501):
- Using default value 501
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
先打印分区列表看一下
*************************
- Command (m for help): p
- Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
*************************
创建扩展分区
*************************
- Command (m for help): n
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- e
- Selected partition 4
- First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
- Using default value 751
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305):
- Using default value 1305
*************************
创建第一个逻辑分区:大小1G
*************************
- Command (m for help): n
- First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
- Using default value 751
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): +1024M
*************************
创建第二个逻辑分区:大小1G
*************************
- Command (m for help): n
- First cylinder (876-1305, default 876):
- Using default value 876
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (876-1305, default 1305): +1024M
*************************
剩余容量创建最后一个逻辑分区
*************************
- Command (m for help): n
- First cylinder (1001-1305, default 1001):
- Using default value 1001
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1305, default 1305):
- Using default value 1305
*************************
打印分区列表
*************************
- Command (m for help): p
- Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
- /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
*************************
保存退出
*************************
- Command (m for help): w
- The partition table has been altered!
- Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
- Syncing disks.
*************************
查看磁盘划分
*************************
- [root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l
- Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
- /dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
- /dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
- Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
- 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
- /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
- /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
- --由此可以看出,sdb1、sdb2、sdb3为主分区,sdb5、sdb6、sdb7为逻辑分区
*************************
举例:将sdb1格式化为ext3文件系统
*************************
- [root@hyl ~]# cd /
- [root@hyl /]# mkdir data1
- [root@hyl /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
- mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
- Filesystem label=
- OS type: Linux
- Block size=4096 (log=2)
- Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
- 251392 inodes, 502023 blocks
- 25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
- First data block=0
- Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
- 16 block groups
- 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
- 15712 inodes per group
- Superblock backups stored on blocks:
- 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
- Writing inode tables: done
- Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
- Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
- This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
- 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
*************************
举例:为sdb1设置开机自动挂载
*************************
- [root@hyl /]# vi /etc/fstab
- --设置开机自动挂载
- LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
- LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2
- tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
- devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
- sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
- proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
- LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
- /dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0
- ~
- ~
- ~
- "/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
- [root@hyl /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
- [root@hyl /]# df -h
- Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
- /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
- /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
- tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
- /dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1
***********************************************声明************************************************
原创作品,出自 “深蓝的blog” 博客,欢迎转载,转载时请务必注明出处(http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong)。
表述有错误之处,请您留言或邮件(hyldba@163.com)指明,不胜感激。
提醒:点击目录,更有助于您的查看。
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